这是一个有点重复的问题（参见如何为安装在我的目录中的 R 设置 PATH）但我确实遇到了新版本 R 的一些新问题。
我试图在我自己的目录中安装新版本的 R (R 3.3.1)。我按照之前的安装流程
但我遇到了一个以前没有遇到过的问题。
./configure --prefix=$HOME/Programme/R-3.3.1
.......
checking for zlib.h... yes
checking if zlib version >= 1.2.5... no
checking whether zlib support suffices... configure: error: zlib library and headers are required
看来zlib版本太低了，所以我安装了当前版本的zlib
tar xvf zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz
cd zlib-1.2.11
./configure --prefix=$HOME/Programme/zlib-1.2.11
make && make install
然后我尝试再次对 R 进行配置，如下所示：
./configure --prefix=$HOME/Programme/R-3.3.1 --enable-R-shlib LDFLAGS="-L/$HOME/Programme/zlib-1.2.11/lib" CPPFLAGS="-I/$HOME/Programme/zlib-1.2.11/include"
我仍然有同样的错误：
checking if zlib version >= 1.2.5... no
checking whether zlib support suffices... configure: error: zlib library and headers are required
然后我注意到有人通过修改R的配置文件来规避该问题
我按照那个例子解决了 zlib 错误。但随之而来的是其他错误。长话短说，我安装了其他依赖库
tar xvf zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz
cd zlib-1.2.11
./configure --prefix=$HOME$Programme/zlib-1.2.11
make && make install
tar zxvf bzip2-1.0.6.tar.gz
cd bzip2-1.0.6
make -f Makefile-libbz2_so
make clean
# modify the Makefile (original: CC=gcc after modification: CC=gcc -fPIC) as suggested [here][2]
make
make install PREFIX=/opt/bzip2-1.0.6
tar zxvf xz-5.2.3.tar.gz
cd /root/xz-5.2.3
./configure --prefix=$HOME/Programme/xz-5.2.3
make -j3
make install
tar zxvf pcre-8.40.tar.gz
cd /root/pcre-8.40
./configure --prefix=$HOME/Programme/pcre-8.40 --enable-utf8
make -j3 && make install
tar zxvf curl-7.52.1.tar.gz
cd /root/curl-7.52.1
./configure --prefix=$HOME/Programme/curl-7.52.1
make && make install
./configure --prefix=$HOME/Programme/R-3.3.1 --enable-R-shlib LDFLAGS="-L/$HOME/Programme/zlib-1.2.11/lib -L/$HOME/Programme/bzip2-1.0.6/lib -L/$HOME/Programme/xz-5.2.3/lib -L/$HOME/Programme/pcre-8.40/lib -L/$HOME/Programme/curl-7.52.1/lib" CPPFLAGS="-I/$HOME/Programme/zlib-1.2.11/include -I/$HOME/Programme/bzip2-1.0.6/include -I/$HOME/Programme/xz-5.2.3/include -I/$HOME/Programme/pcre-8.40/include -I/$HOME/Programme/curl-7.52.1/include"
配置似乎有效：
R is now configured for x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Source directory: .
Installation directory: $HOME/Programme/R-3.3.1
C compiler: gcc -std=gnu99 -g -O2
Fortran 77 compiler: gfortran -g -O2
C++ compiler: g++ -g -O2
C++11 compiler: g++ -std=c++0x -g -O2
Fortran 90/95 compiler: gfortran -g -O2
Obj-C compiler:
Interfaces supported: X11, tcltk
External libraries: readline, curl
Additional capabilities: PNG, JPEG, NLS, cairo, ICU
Options enabled: shared R library, shared BLAS, R profiling
Capabilities skipped: TIFF
Options not enabled: memory profiling
Recommended packages: yes
但当我打电话时
make && make install
直到最后“make”仍然无法完成：
...
gcc -std=gnu99 -Wl,--export-dynamic -fopenmp -L../../lib -L//HOME/Programme/zlib-1.2.11/lib -L//HOME/Programme/bzip2-1.0.6/lib -L//HOME/Programme/xz-5.2.3/lib -L//HOME/Programme/pcre-8.40/lib -L//HOME/Programme/curl-7.52.1/lib -o R.bin Rmain.o -lR -lRblas
/usr/bin/ld: warning: libpcre.so.1, needed by ../../lib/libR.so, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
/usr/bin/ld: warning: liblzma.so.5, needed by ../../lib/libR.so, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
../../lib/libR.so: undefined reference to `pcre_fullinfo'
../../lib/libR.so: undefined reference to `lzma_lzma_preset@XZ_5.0'
../../lib/libR.so: undefined reference to `lzma_alone_decoder@XZ_5.0'
../../lib/libR.so: undefined reference to `lzma_crc64@XZ_5.0'
../../lib/libR.so: undefined reference to `lzma_raw_encoder@XZ_5.0'
../../lib/libR.so: undefined reference to `pcre_config'
../../lib/libR.so: undefined reference to `lzma_code@XZ_5.0'
../../lib/libR.so: undefined reference to `lzma_stream_decoder@XZ_5.0'
../../lib/libR.so: undefined reference to `pcre_free'
../../lib/libR.so: undefined reference to `lzma_raw_decoder@XZ_5.0'
../../lib/libR.so: undefined reference to `pcre_exec'
../../lib/libR.so: undefined reference to `lzma_version_string@XZ_5.0'
../../lib/libR.so: undefined reference to `pcre_maketables'
../../lib/libR.so: undefined reference to `lzma_stream_encoder@XZ_5.0'
../../lib/libR.so: undefined reference to `pcre_compile'
../../lib/libR.so: undefined reference to `pcre_study'
../../lib/libR.so: undefined reference to `pcre_version'
../../lib/libR.so: undefined reference to `lzma_end@XZ_5.0'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
...
make: *** [R] Error 1
跟进：根据 thrig 的建议，我将以下行添加到我的 .cshrc 文件中
setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH $HOME/Programme/pcre-8.40/lib
setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH $HOME/Programme/xz-5.2.3/lib
和
source .cshrc
问题解决了！
答案1
这就是上面提到的问题的解决方案
跟着修改R配置文件的示例 然后：
tar xvf zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz
cd zlib-1.2.11
./configure --prefix=$HOME/Programme/zlib-1.2.11
make && make install
tar zxvf bzip2-1.0.6.tar.gz
cd bzip2-1.0.6
make -f Makefile-libbz2_so
make clean
按照建议修改Makefile（原：CC=gcc 修改后：CC=gcc -fPIC）这里
make
make install PREFIX=$HOME/Programme/bzip2-1.0.6
tar zxvf xz-5.2.3.tar.gz
cd xz-5.2.3
./configure --prefix=$HOME/Programme/xz-5.2.3
make -j3
make install
tar zxvf pcre-8.40.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.40
./configure --prefix=$HOME/Programme/pcre-8.40 --enable-utf8
make -j3 && make install
tar zxvf curl-7.52.1.tar.gz
cd curl-7.52.1
./configure --prefix=$HOME/Programme/curl-7.52.1 --with-ssl
make && make install
./configure --prefix=$HOME/Programme/R-3.3.1 --enable-R-shlib LDFLAGS="-L/$HOME/Programme/zlib-1.2.11/lib -L/$HOME/Programme/bzip2-1.0.6/lib -L/$HOME/Programme/xz-5.2.3/lib -L/$HOME/Programme/pcre-8.40/lib -L/$HOME/Programme/curl-7.52.1/lib" CPPFLAGS="-I/$HOME/Programme/zlib-1.2.11/include -I/$HOME/Programme/bzip2-1.0.6/include -I/$HOME/Programme/xz-5.2.3/include -I/$HOME/Programme/pcre-8.40/include -I/$HOME/Programme/curl-7.52.1/include"
将以下行添加到我的 .cshrc 文件中
setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH $HOME/Programme/pcre-8.40/lib
setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH $HOME/Programme/xz-5.2.3/lib
和
source .cshrc
现在转到 R-3.3.1 目录：
make && make install
它应该有效。