这个问题本来有悬赏，但由于没有好的答案所以没有悬赏……☹
我尝试运行apt-get update并收到以下警告：
W: Ignoring Provides line with DepCompareOp for package python-cffi-backend-api-max
W: Ignoring Provides line with DepCompareOp for package python-cffi-backend-api-min
W: Ignoring Provides line with DepCompareOp for package python3-cffi-backend-api-max
W: Ignoring Provides line with DepCompareOp for package python3-cffi-backend-api-min
W: You may want to run apt-get update to correct these problems
按照指示，我apt-get update再次尝试并收到相同的警告。
我该如何解决这些问题？
完整输出如下：
; sudo apt-get update
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security InRelease
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/main Sources
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/restricted Sources
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/universe Sources
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/multiverse Sources
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/main amd64 Packages
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/restricted amd64 Packages
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/universe amd64 Packages
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/multiverse amd64 Packages
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/main i386 Packages
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/restricted i386 Packages
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/universe i386 Packages
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/multiverse i386 Packages
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/main Translation-en
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/multiverse Translation-en
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/restricted Translation-en
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/universe Translation-en
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty InRelease
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates InRelease
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports InRelease
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty Release.gpg
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/main Sources
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/restricted Sources
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/universe Sources
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/multiverse Sources
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/main amd64 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/restricted amd64 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/universe amd64 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/main i386 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/restricted i386 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/universe i386 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/multiverse i386 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/main Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/multiverse Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/restricted Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/universe Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/main Sources
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/restricted Sources
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/universe Sources
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/multiverse Sources
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/main amd64 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/restricted amd64 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/universe amd64 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/multiverse amd64 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/main i386 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/restricted i386 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/universe i386 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/multiverse i386 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/main Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/multiverse Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/restricted Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports/universe Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty Release
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/main Sources
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/restricted Sources
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/universe Sources
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/multiverse Sources
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/main amd64 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/restricted amd64 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/universe amd64 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/multiverse amd64 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/main i386 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/restricted i386 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/universe i386 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/multiverse i386 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/main Translation-en_GB
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/main Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/multiverse Translation-en_GB
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/multiverse Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/restricted Translation-en_GB
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/restricted Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/universe Translation-en_GB
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/universe Translation-en
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/main Translation-en_GB.UTF-8
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/multiverse Translation-en_GB.UTF-8
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/restricted Translation-en_GB.UTF-8
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/universe Translation-en_GB.UTF-8
Ignoring Provides line with DepCompareOp for package python-cffi-backend-api-max
Ignoring Provides line with DepCompareOp for package python-cffi-backend-api-min
Ignoring Provides line with DepCompareOp for package python3-cffi-backend-api-max
Ignoring Provides line with DepCompareOp for package python3-cffi-backend-api-min
You may want to run apt-get update to correct these problems
Reading package lists... Done
W: Ignoring Provides line with DepCompareOp for package python-cffi-backend-api-max
W: Ignoring Provides line with DepCompareOp for package python-cffi-backend-api-min
W: Ignoring Provides line with DepCompareOp for package python3-cffi-backend-api-max
W: Ignoring Provides line with DepCompareOp for package python3-cffi-backend-api-min
W: You may want to run apt-get update to correct these problems
我删除了所有外部 PPA，但仍然出现此错误：因此这不是重复的从 14.04 升级到 16.04 成功，但实际上失败了？
根据评论进行更多调试：
; apt-cache policy
Package files:
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
release a=now
500 http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ precise-pgdg/main i386 Packages
release o=apt.postgresql.org,a=precise-pgdg,n=precise-pgdg,l=PostgreSQL for Debian/Ubuntu repository,c=main
origin apt.postgresql.org
500 http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ precise-pgdg/main amd64 Packages
release o=apt.postgresql.org,a=precise-pgdg,n=precise-pgdg,l=PostgreSQL for Debian/Ubuntu repository,c=main
origin apt.postgresql.org
500 https://deb.nodesource.com/node_6.x/ trusty/main i386 Packages
release o=Node Source,n=trusty,l=Node Source,c=main
origin deb.nodesource.com
500 https://deb.nodesource.com/node_6.x/ trusty/main amd64 Packages
release o=Node Source,n=trusty,l=Node Source,c=main
origin deb.nodesource.com
500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/neovim-ppa/unstable/ubuntu/ trusty/main Translation-en
500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/neovim-ppa/unstable/ubuntu/ trusty/main i386 Packages
release v=14.04,o=LP-PPA-neovim-ppa-unstable,a=trusty,n=trusty,l=Neovim Unstable,c=main
origin ppa.launchpad.net
500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/neovim-ppa/unstable/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages
release v=14.04,o=LP-PPA-neovim-ppa-unstable,a=trusty,n=trusty,l=Neovim Unstable,c=main
origin ppa.launchpad.net
500 http://llvm.org/apt/trusty/ llvm-toolchain-trusty-3.6/main i386 Packages
release n=llvm-toolchain-trusty-3.6,c=main
origin llvm.org
500 http://llvm.org/apt/trusty/ llvm-toolchain-trusty-3.6/main amd64 Packages
release n=llvm-toolchain-trusty-3.6,c=main
origin llvm.org
500 http://llvm.org/apt/trusty/ llvm-toolchain-trusty-3.5/main i386 Packages
release n=llvm-toolchain-trusty-3.5,c=main
origin llvm.org
500 http://llvm.org/apt/trusty/ llvm-toolchain-trusty-3.5/main amd64 Packages
release n=llvm-toolchain-trusty-3.5,c=main
origin llvm.org
500 http://llvm.org/apt/trusty/ llvm-toolchain-trusty/main i386 Packages
release n=llvm-toolchain-trusty,c=main
origin llvm.org
500 http://llvm.org/apt/trusty/ llvm-toolchain-trusty/main amd64 Packages
release n=llvm-toolchain-trusty,c=main
origin llvm.org
500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-toolchain-r/test/ubuntu/ precise/main Translation-en
500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-toolchain-r/test/ubuntu/ precise/main i386 Packages
release v=12.04,o=LP-PPA-ubuntu-toolchain-r-test,a=precise,n=precise,l=Toolchain test builds,c=main
origin ppa.launchpad.net
500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-toolchain-r/test/ubuntu/ precise/main amd64 Packages
release v=12.04,o=LP-PPA-ubuntu-toolchain-r-test,a=precise,n=precise,l=Toolchain test builds,c=main
origin ppa.launchpad.net
500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/certbot/certbot/ubuntu/ trusty/main Translation-en
500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/certbot/certbot/ubuntu/ trusty/main i386 Packages
release v=14.04,o=LP-PPA-certbot-certbot,a=trusty,n=trusty,l=Certbot PPA,c=main
origin ppa.launchpad.net
500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/certbot/certbot/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages
release v=14.04,o=LP-PPA-certbot-certbot,a=trusty,n=trusty,l=Certbot PPA,c=main
origin ppa.launchpad.net
500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security/universe Translation-en
500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security/restricted Translation-en
500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security/multiverse Translation-en
500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security/main Translation-en
500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security/multiverse i386 Packages
release v=14.04,o=Ubuntu,a=trusty-security,n=trusty,l=Ubuntu,c=multiverse
origin security.ubuntu.com
500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security/universe i386 Packages
release v=14.04,o=Ubuntu,a=trusty-security,n=trusty,l=Ubuntu,c=universe
origin security.ubuntu.com
500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security/restricted i386 Packages
release v=14.04,o=Ubuntu,a=trusty-security,n=trusty,l=Ubuntu,c=restricted
origin security.ubuntu.com
500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security/main i386 Packages
release v=14.04,o=Ubuntu,a=trusty-security,n=trusty,l=Ubuntu,c=main
origin security.ubuntu.com
500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security/multiverse amd64 Packages
release v=14.04,o=Ubuntu,a=trusty-security,n=trusty,l=Ubuntu,c=multiverse
origin security.ubuntu.com
500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security/universe amd64 Packages
release v=14.04,o=Ubuntu,a=trusty-security,n=trusty,l=Ubuntu,c=universe
origin security.ubuntu.com
500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security/restricted amd64 Packages
release v=14.04,o=Ubuntu,a=trusty-security,n=trusty,l=Ubuntu,c=restricted
origin security.ubuntu.com
500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security/main amd64 Packages
release v=14.04,o=Ubuntu,a=trusty-security,n=trusty,l=Ubuntu,c=main
origin security.ubuntu.com
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports/universe Translation-en
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports/restricted Translation-en
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports/multiverse Translation-en
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports/main Translation-en
100 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports/multiverse i386 Packages
release v=14.04,o=Ubuntu,a=trusty-backports,n=trusty,l=Ubuntu,c=multiverse
origin us.archive.ubuntu.com
100 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports/universe i386 Packages
release v=14.04,o=Ubuntu,a=trusty-backports,n=trusty,l=Ubuntu,c=universe
origin us.archive.ubuntu.com
100 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports/restricted i386 Packages
release v=14.04,o=Ubuntu,a=trusty-backports,n=trusty,l=Ubuntu,c=restricted
origin us.archive.ubuntu.com
100 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports/main i386 Packages
release v=14.04,o=Ubuntu,a=trusty-backports,n=trusty,l=Ubuntu,c=main
origin us.archive.ubuntu.com
100 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports/multiverse amd64 Packages
release v=14.04,o=Ubuntu,a=trusty-backports,n=trusty,l=Ubuntu,c=multiverse
origin us.archive.ubuntu.com
100 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports/universe amd64 Packages
release v=14.04,o=Ubuntu,a=trusty-backports,n=trusty,l=Ubuntu,c=universe
origin us.archive.ubuntu.com
100 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports/restricted amd64 Packages
release v=14.04,o=Ubuntu,a=trusty-backports,n=trusty,l=Ubuntu,c=restricted
origin us.archive.ubuntu.com
100 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports/main amd64 Packages
release v=14.04,o=Ubuntu,a=trusty-backports,n=trusty,l=Ubuntu,c=main
origin us.archive.ubuntu.com
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/universe Translation-en
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/restricted Translation-en
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/multiverse Translation-en
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/main Translation-en
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/multiverse i386 Packages
release v=14.04,o=Ubuntu,a=trusty-updates,n=trusty,l=Ubuntu,c=multiverse
origin us.archive.ubuntu.com
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/universe i386 Packages
release v=14.04,o=Ubuntu,a=trusty-updates,n=trusty,l=Ubuntu,c=universe
origin us.archive.ubuntu.com
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/restricted i386 Packages
release v=14.04,o=Ubuntu,a=trusty-updates,n=trusty,l=Ubuntu,c=restricted
origin us.archive.ubuntu.com
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/main i386 Packages
release v=14.04,o=Ubuntu,a=trusty-updates,n=trusty,l=Ubuntu,c=main
origin us.archive.ubuntu.com
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages
release v=14.04,o=Ubuntu,a=trusty-updates,n=trusty,l=Ubuntu,c=multiverse
origin us.archive.ubuntu.com
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/universe amd64 Packages
release v=14.04,o=Ubuntu,a=trusty-updates,n=trusty,l=Ubuntu,c=universe
origin us.archive.ubuntu.com
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/restricted amd64 Packages
release v=14.04,o=Ubuntu,a=trusty-updates,n=trusty,l=Ubuntu,c=restricted
origin us.archive.ubuntu.com
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/main amd64 Packages
release v=14.04,o=Ubuntu,a=trusty-updates,n=trusty,l=Ubuntu,c=main
origin us.archive.ubuntu.com
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/universe Translation-en_GB
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/universe Translation-en
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/restricted Translation-en_GB
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/restricted Translation-en
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/multiverse Translation-en_GB
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/multiverse Translation-en
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main Translation-en_GB
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main Translation-en
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/multiverse i386 Packages
release v=14.04,o=Ubuntu,a=trusty,n=trusty,l=Ubuntu,c=multiverse
origin us.archive.ubuntu.com
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/universe i386 Packages
release v=14.04,o=Ubuntu,a=trusty,n=trusty,l=Ubuntu,c=universe
origin us.archive.ubuntu.com
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/restricted i386 Packages
release v=14.04,o=Ubuntu,a=trusty,n=trusty,l=Ubuntu,c=restricted
origin us.archive.ubuntu.com
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main i386 Packages
release v=14.04,o=Ubuntu,a=trusty,n=trusty,l=Ubuntu,c=main
origin us.archive.ubuntu.com
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/multiverse amd64 Packages
release v=14.04,o=Ubuntu,a=trusty,n=trusty,l=Ubuntu,c=multiverse
origin us.archive.ubuntu.com
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/universe amd64 Packages
release v=14.04,o=Ubuntu,a=trusty,n=trusty,l=Ubuntu,c=universe
origin us.archive.ubuntu.com
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/restricted amd64 Packages
release v=14.04,o=Ubuntu,a=trusty,n=trusty,l=Ubuntu,c=restricted
origin us.archive.ubuntu.com
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages
release v=14.04,o=Ubuntu,a=trusty,n=trusty,l=Ubuntu,c=main
origin us.archive.ubuntu.com
Pinned packages:
; apt libapt-pkg\*
E: Invalid operation libapt-pkg*
不过，我怀疑这可能更相关：
; apt-cache policy python-cffi-backend-api-max python-cffi-backend-api-min
python-cffi-backend-api-max:
Installed: (none)
Candidate: (none)
Version table:
python-cffi-backend-api-min:
Installed: (none)
Candidate: (none)
Version table:
答案1
出现此问题是因为您的 apt 版本“太旧”并且不支持使用版本“Provides:”的软件包。
你可以使用以下命令检查你的 apt 版本
apt --version
“versioned provide” 是在 apt 1.0.7 中添加的，但是 Ubuntu 14.04 附带的是 apt 1.0.1。
看https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/libreoffice/+bug/1662227 了解更多信息。
这个警告是无害的。如果你真的想删除它，你可以从源代码编译 apt 到支持版本化提供的版本。
警告！：更新 apt 具有潜在危险并且可能会破坏包管理器。
如果您选择这样做，请按照以下步骤操作：
wget http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/20150821T213547Z/pool/main/a/apt/apt_1.0.10.2.tar.xz
tar -xvf apt_1.0.10.2.tar.xz
cd apt-1.0.10.2
./configure
make