我按照步骤操作https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-apache-tomcat-8-on-ubuntu-16-04安装tomcat 8.5.24在 Ubuntu 16.04 上，直到sudo ufw allow 8080在“第 6 步：调整防火墙并测试 Tomcat 服务器”运行。
然后我就无法启动 tomcat，
$ sudo systemctl start tomcat
Job for tomcat.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status tomcat.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
并且该链接http://localhost:8080/在 Firefox 和 Google Chrome 浏览器上均不起作用。
我想知道如何解决这个问题。
以下是我按照上面的输出信息进行的操作sudo systemctl start tomcat。看起来/opt/tomcat/bin/startup.sh成功了，但/opt/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh失败了。非常感谢您的帮助！
$ systemctl status tomcat.service
● tomcat.service - Apache Tomcat Web Application Container
Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/tomcat.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: activating (auto-restart) (Result: exit-code) since Fri 2017-12-01 18:55:30 EST; 2s ago
Process: 19490 ExecStop=/opt/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Process: 19478 ExecStart=/opt/tomcat/bin/startup.sh (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 19440 (code=exited, status=127)
Dec 01 18:55:30 ocean systemd[1]: tomcat.service: Control process exited, code=exited status=1
Dec 01 18:55:30 ocean systemd[1]: Failed to start Apache Tomcat Web Application Container.
Dec 01 18:55:30 ocean systemd[1]: tomcat.service: Unit entered failed state.
Dec 01 18:55:30 ocean systemd[1]: tomcat.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
$ journalctl -xe
-- Unit tomcat.service has begun starting up.
Dec 01 18:51:24 ocean startup.sh[18873]: Existing PID file found during start.
Dec 01 18:51:24 ocean startup.sh[18873]: Removing/clearing stale PID file.
Dec 01 18:51:24 ocean startup.sh[18873]: Tomcat started.
Dec 01 18:51:24 ocean shutdown.sh[18885]: PID file found but no matching process was found. Stop aborted.
Dec 01 18:51:24 ocean systemd[1]: tomcat.service: Control process exited, code=exited status=1
Dec 01 18:51:24 ocean systemd[1]: Failed to start Apache Tomcat Web Application Container.
-- Subject: Unit tomcat.service has failed
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel
--
-- Unit tomcat.service has failed.
--
-- The result is failed.
Dec 01 18:51:24 ocean systemd[1]: tomcat.service: Unit entered failed state.
Dec 01 18:51:24 ocean systemd[1]: tomcat.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Dec 01 18:51:34 ocean systemd[1]: tomcat.service: Service hold-off time over, scheduling restart.
Dec 01 18:51:34 ocean systemd[1]: Stopped Apache Tomcat Web Application Container.
-- Subject: Unit tomcat.service has finished shutting down
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel
--
-- Unit tomcat.service has finished shutting down.
Dec 01 18:51:34 ocean systemd[1]: Starting Apache Tomcat Web Application Container...
-- Subject: Unit tomcat.service has begun start-up
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel
--
-- Unit tomcat.service has begun starting up.
Dec 01 18:51:35 ocean startup.sh[18896]: Existing PID file found during start.
Dec 01 18:51:35 ocean startup.sh[18896]: Removing/clearing stale PID file.
Dec 01 18:51:35 ocean startup.sh[18896]: Tomcat started.
Dec 01 18:51:35 ocean shutdown.sh[18908]: PID file found but no matching process was found. Stop aborted.
Dec 01 18:51:35 ocean systemd[1]: tomcat.service: Control process exited, code=exited status=1
Dec 01 18:51:35 ocean systemd[1]: Failed to start Apache Tomcat Web Application Container.
-- Subject: Unit tomcat.service has failed
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel
--
-- Unit tomcat.service has failed.
--
-- The result is failed.
Dec 01 18:51:35 ocean systemd[1]: tomcat.service: Unit entered failed state.
Dec 01 18:51:35 ocean systemd[1]: tomcat.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
我的 Java 版本是
$ java --version
java 9.0.1
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 9.0.1+11)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 9.0.1+11, mixed mode)
$ javac --version
javac 9.0.1
更新：
如果sudo systemctl start tomcat我运行
cd /opt/tomcat/bin
sudo ./catalina.sh run
http://本地主机:8080/显示正确的网页。那么，为什么一个不起作用而另一个起作用呢？
答案1
我也遇到过这种情况。有帮助的是删除此文件：/opt/tomcat/temp/tomcat.pid
这是 tomcat 在启动时创建的临时文件。显然，如果出于某种原因该文件存在，服务将无法启动。–
答案2
对我来说已经正常运行
sudo sh -c 'chmod +x /opt/tomcat/latest/bin/*.sh'
我参加了这个教程
https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-install-tomcat-8-5-on-ubuntu-18-04/