昨晚，当我重新启动 Ubuntu 环境时，因为它似乎很慢，它卡在一个警告屏幕上，上面有几行文本（没有，关于radeon Invalid ROM contents）。我没有多想，愚蠢地再次重新启动，结果出现了这个长屏幕：
[ 160.053495] rc.loal[1933]: systemctl start teamviewerd.service
[ 182.741532] sd 6:0:0:0: timing out command, waited 180s
[ 182.741559] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sdd, sector 0
[ 182.741575] Buffer I/O error on dev sdd, logical block 0, async page read
[ 360.134840] INFO: task systemd:3622 blocked for more than 120 seconds.
[ 360.134871] Tainted: G OE 4.4.0-116-generic #140-Ubuntu
[ 360.134898] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message
... Above three lines duplicated several times without only slightly different output
[ 504.125921] NMI watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#1 tuck for 22s! [systemd:1]
... More (but I am tired of transposing from picture)
设置：
- AMD R9 390 显卡（
radeon在第一段？） - 2 个 SSD（Windows 和 Ubuntu）
- 1 个 HDD（两者之间分区）
其中一些消息促使我开始查看我的 Ubuntu SSD 是否已损坏或即将报废 - 这是否可以解释为什么操作似乎比平时花费的时间更长？例如，我的文件监视（开发人员）似乎比平时更吃力，打开项目文件所花的时间比我记得的要长。
根据网上的建议，我安装smartmontools并运行了以下内容：
sudo smartctl -H /dev/sda
sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda
sudo smartctl -t short /dev/sda
sudo smartctl -l selftest /dev/sda
这是上述测试的输出粘贴箱。不幸的是，我不是硬件专家，也不知道接下来该怎么办。测试输出是否表明驱动器出现故障？
kendall: ~ $ sudo smartctl -H /dev/sda
smartctl 6.5 2016-01-24 r4214 [x86_64-linux-4.4.0-116-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
kendall: ~ $ sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda
smartctl 6.5 2016-01-24 r4214 [x86_64-linux-4.4.0-116-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Samsung based SSDs
Device Model: Samsung SSD 850 PRO 256GB
Serial Number: S251NXAGC17474T
LU WWN Device Id: 5 002538 84013365a
Firmware Version: EXM02B6Q
User Capacity: 256,060,514,304 bytes [256 GB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate: Solid State Device
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ACS-2, ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4c
SATA Version is: SATA 3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Sat Mar 24 02:15:59 2018 EDT
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 0) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x53) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
No Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 136) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x003d) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 1
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 010 Pre-fail Always - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 096 096 000 Old_age Always - 19005
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 269
177 Wear_Leveling_Count 0x0013 099 099 000 Pre-fail Always - 59
179 Used_Rsvd_Blk_Cnt_Tot 0x0013 100 100 010 Pre-fail Always - 0
181 Program_Fail_Cnt_Total 0x0032 100 100 010 Old_age Always - 0
182 Erase_Fail_Count_Total 0x0032 100 100 010 Old_age Always - 0
183 Runtime_Bad_Block 0x0013 100 100 010 Pre-fail Always - 0
187 Uncorrectable_Error_Cnt 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0032 069 053 000 Old_age Always - 31
195 ECC_Error_Rate 0x001a 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
199 CRC_Error_Count 0x003e 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
235 POR_Recovery_Count 0x0012 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 122
241 Total_LBAs_Written 0x0032 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 9782050488
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged. [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
kendall: ~ $ sudo smartctl -t short /dev/sda
smartctl 6.5 2016-01-24 r4214 [x86_64-linux-4.4.0-116-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
Sending command: "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
Drive command "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
Testing has begun.
Please wait 2 minutes for test to complete.
Test will complete after Sat Mar 24 02:18:29 2018
Use smartctl -X to abort test.
kendall: ~ $ sudo smartctl -l selftest /dev/sda
smartctl 6.5 2016-01-24 r4214 [x86_64-linux-4.4.0-116-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Completed without error 00% 19005 -
kendall: ~ $
任何帮助都将不胜感激，因为在这个问题解决之前，我只能在 Windows 上开发（喘息）。我无法再启动 Ubuntu，但从 GRUB 菜单中选择 Windows 却没问题。我能够安全启动 Ubuntu 并备份我需要的小文件，因此格式化绝对是一种可能，如果它有帮助（并且不会弄乱启动管理器）。
编辑1：
我插入了 Ubuntu 安装驱动器并尝试从磁盘启动，但发生了同样的事情。我一定是错过了“按任意键按钮”，因为在点击时又一次重新启动并shift从 CD 启动。
重新启动（不从 CD 启动）后的初始输出如下：
radeon 000:01;00.0: Invalid ROM contents
[ 5.729634] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdd] No Caching mode page found
[ 5.729660] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdd] Assuming drive cache: write through
[ 185.723262] sd 6:0:0:0: timing out command, waited 180s
[ 185.723287] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sdd, sector 0
[ 185.723300] Buffer I/P error on dev sdd, logical block 0, async page read
...eventually the screen went totally black, fixed by tapping the power button
列出的驱动器启动顺序如下：
Boot Override
P2: ASUS DRW-24F1ST
UEFI: CT250BX100SSD1
Windows Boot Manager (P0: Samsung SSD 805 PRO 256GB)
ubuntu (P0: Samsung SSD 850 PRO 256GB)
ubuntu (P0: Samsung SSD 850 PRO 256GB)
P3: WDC WD10EZEX-00BN5A0
P1: CT250BX100SSD1
P0: Samsung SSD 850 PRO 256GB
UEFI: ASUS DRW-24F1ST c
- 华硕 - CD/DVD 光盘
- WDC——西部数据硬盘
- 三星 - 三星 SSD
- CT——Crucial BX SSD
编辑2：
谢谢@sudodus！拔掉显卡后终于可以测试 Ubuntu 了。运行以下命令：
sudo parted -ls
sudo lsblk -f
sudo lsblk -m
df
并收到此输出（粘贴箱)：
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ parted --help
Usage: parted [OPTION]... [DEVICE [COMMAND [PARAMETERS]...]...]
Apply COMMANDs with PARAMETERS to DEVICE. If no COMMAND(s) are given, run in
interactive mode.
OPTIONs:
-h, --help displays this help message
-l, --list lists partition layout on all block devices
-m, --machine displays machine parseable output
-s, --script never prompts for user intervention
-v, --version displays the version
-a, --align=[none|cyl|min|opt] alignment for new partitions
COMMANDs:
align-check TYPE N check partition N for TYPE(min|opt)
alignment
help [COMMAND] print general help, or help on
COMMAND
mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE create a new disklabel (partition
table)
mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END make a partition
name NUMBER NAME name partition NUMBER as NAME
print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER] display the partition table,
available devices, free space, all found partitions, or a particular
partition
quit exit program
rescue START END rescue a lost partition near START
and END
resizepart NUMBER END resize partition NUMBER
rm NUMBER delete partition NUMBER
select DEVICE choose the device to edit
disk_set FLAG STATE change the FLAG on selected device
disk_toggle [FLAG] toggle the state of FLAG on selected
device
set NUMBER FLAG STATE change the FLAG on partition NUMBER
toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]] toggle the state of FLAG on partition
NUMBER
unit UNIT set the default unit to UNIT
version display the version number and
copyright information of GNU Parted
Report bugs to [email protected]
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo parted -ls
Model: ATA Samsung SSD 850 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 256GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 473MB 472MB ntfs Basic data partition hidden, diag
2 473MB 578MB 105MB fat32 EFI system partition boot, esp
3 578MB 595MB 16.8MB Microsoft reserved partition msftres
4 595MB 256GB 255GB ntfs Basic data partition msftdata
Model: ATA CT250BX100SSD1 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 250GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 1049kB 600MB 599MB primary fat32 boot
2 600MB 16.6GB 16.0GB primary linux-swap(v1)
3 16.6GB 250GB 233GB extended
5 16.6GB 250GB 233GB logical ext4
Model: ATA WDC WD10EZEX-00B (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 1000GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 524GB 524GB ntfs Basic data partition msftdata
2 524GB 1000GB 476GB ext4
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.
Model: ASUS DRW-24F1ST c (scsi)
Disk /dev/sr0: 1513MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 2048B/2048B
Partition Table: mac
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 2048B 6143B 4096B Apple
2 1499MB 1501MB 2425kB EFI
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo lsblk -f
NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT
sda
├─sda1 ntfs Recovery BAB4D580B4D54015
├─sda2 vfat C0D6-29DC
├─sda3
└─sda4 ntfs Windows C804D78D04D77D3E
sdb
├─sdb1 vfat 29B5-C284
├─sdb2 swap 8c8ffb3f-e979-4d0b-806f-b24ad949946b [SWAP]
├─sdb3
└─sdb5 ext4 8ea34311-c1e3-4e80-9f4c-368abc9e9ed3
sdc
├─sdc1 ntfs Windows Hard Drive A2B49BFFB49BD45F
└─sdc2 ext4 18e983be-738c-43d1-a944-f2165fa2d00e
sr0 iso9660 Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS amd64 2016-07-19-21-27-51-00 /cdrom
loop0 squashfs /rofs
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo lsblk -m
NAME SIZE OWNER GROUP MODE
sda 238.5G root disk brw-rw----
├─sda1 450M root disk brw-rw----
├─sda2 100M root disk brw-rw----
├─sda3 16M root disk brw-rw----
└─sda4 237.9G root disk brw-rw----
sdb 232.9G root disk brw-rw----
├─sdb1 571M root disk brw-rw----
├─sdb2 14.9G root disk brw-rw----
├─sdb3 1K root disk brw-rw----
└─sdb5 217.4G root disk brw-rw----
sdc 931.5G root disk brw-rw----
├─sdc1 488.3G root disk brw-rw----
└─sdc2 443.2G root disk brw-rw----
sr0 1.4G root cdrom brw-rw----
loop0 1.4G root disk brw-rw----
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
udev 8132648 0 8132648 0% /dev
tmpfs 1629456 9800 1619656 1% /run
/dev/sr0 1477840 1477840 0 100% /cdrom
/dev/loop0 1425792 1425792 0 100% /rofs
/cow 8147276 47896 8099380 1% /
tmpfs 8147276 340 8146936 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5120 8 5112 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 8147276 0 8147276 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs 8147276 132 8147144 1% /tmp
tmpfs 1629456 56 1629400 1% /run/user/999
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$
编辑3：
我运行了该boot-repair实用程序并将输出放在以下链接处（很长）：Ubuntu Pastebin
编辑4：
取出 GPU 并在 Ubuntu SSD 中启动工作正常；更奇怪的是，重新添加 GPU（彻底清洁 PC 后）后我仍然可以启动 Ubuntu。
在 (Ubuntu SSD) 上运行该smartctl工具/dev/sdb并收到此输出（粘贴箱)：
kendall: ~ $ sudo smartctl -H /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.5 2016-01-24 r4214 [x86_64-linux-4.4.0-116-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
kendall: ~ $ sudo smartctl -a /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.5 2016-01-24 r4214 [x86_64-linux-4.4.0-116-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: SiliconMotion based SSDs
Device Model: CT250BX100SSD1
Serial Number: 1510F00421A8
LU WWN Device Id: 5 00a075 1f00421a8
Firmware Version: MU01
User Capacity: 250,059,350,016 bytes [250 GB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate: Solid State Device
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ACS-2 (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is: SATA 3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Sat Mar 24 15:21:03 2018 EDT
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 0) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x71) SMART execute Offline immediate.
No Auto Offline data collection support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
No Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0002) Does not save SMART data before
entering power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 10) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x003d) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 1
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x0000 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0000 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0000 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 750
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0000 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 369
160 Uncorrectable_Error_Cnt 0x0000 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
161 Valid_Spare_Block_Cnt 0x0000 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 68
163 Initial_Bad_Block_Count 0x0000 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 23
164 Total_Erase_Count 0x0000 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 15976
165 Max_Erase_Count 0x0000 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 54
166 Min_Erase_Count 0x0000 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 1
167 Average_Erase_Count 0x0000 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 13
168 Max_Erase_Count_of_Spec 0x0000 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 2000
169 Remaining_Lifetime_Perc 0x0000 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 100
175 Program_Fail_Count_Chip 0x0000 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
176 Erase_Fail_Count_Chip 0x0000 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
177 Wear_Leveling_Count 0x0000 100 100 050 Old_age Offline - 0
178 Runtime_Invalid_Blk_Cnt 0x0000 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
181 Program_Fail_Cnt_Total 0x0000 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
182 Erase_Fail_Count_Total 0x0000 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0000 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 79
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0000 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 25
195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered 0x0000 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 203057
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0000 100 100 016 Old_age Offline - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0000 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0000 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0000 100 100 050 Old_age Offline - 2
232 Available_Reservd_Space 0x0000 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 100
241 Host_Writes_32MiB 0x0000 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 72772
242 Host_Reads_32MiB 0x0000 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 80981
245 Flash_Writes_32MiB 0x0000 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 127808
SMART Error Log not supported
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged. [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
kendall: ~ $ sudo smartctl -t short /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.5 2016-01-24 r4214 [x86_64-linux-4.4.0-116-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
Sending command: "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
Drive command "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
Testing has begun.
Please wait 2 minutes for test to complete.
Test will complete after Sat Mar 24 15:23:52 2018
Use smartctl -X to abort test.
kendall: ~ $ sudo smartctl -l selftest /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.5 2016-01-24 r4214 [x86_64-linux-4.4.0-116-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Completed without error 00% 238 -
kendall: ~ $
答案1
后测试并进行讨论聊天论坛Ubuntu 再次在计算机上运行。
Ubuntu SSD 通过了
smartmontools测试拔下 Radeon 显卡，清洁后重新插入。可能是电气连接不良，拔下再重新插入即可解决该问题。