我有一个想要连接的 Bose Revolve 音响链接器，但它似乎无法在声音设置中被视为音频输出设备。
蓝牙管理器可以找到它：
根据一些类似的问题
我已经安装了所有需要的软件包，但命令出现以下问题sudo pactl load-module module-bluetooth-discover：
user:~$ sudo pactl load-module module-bluetooth-discover
Home directory not accessible: Permission denied
Connection failure: Connection refused
pa_context_connect() failed: Connection refused
（最初我得到了一个模块初始化错误，但我按照这里列出的文件编辑PulseAudio 无法加载蓝牙模块 15.10/16.04/16.10）
为了尝试解决此文件权限问题，我按照以下建议chown进行了操作user:userpulseaudio 无法正常工作：“主目录无法访问：权限被拒绝”
虽然扬声器显然已连接并配对：
尝试使用蓝牙管理器 (blueman-manager) 将其设置为音频接收器
给出
设备添加成功，但连接失败
我只想使用蓝牙无线播放音乐。请帮忙。
输出自dmesg：
根据评论：
user:~$ dmesg | grep -i blue
[ 2.001587] thinkpad_acpi: rfkill switch tpacpi_bluetooth_sw: radio is unblocked
[ 3.011106] Bluetooth: Core ver 2.21
[ 3.011121] Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized
[ 3.011125] Bluetooth: HCI socket layer initialized
[ 3.011128] Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized
[ 3.011133] Bluetooth: SCO socket layer initialized
[ 3.071385] Bluetooth: hci0: Firmware revision 0.0 build 176 week 45 2017
[ 3.154634] Bluetooth: BNEP (Ethernet Emulation) ver 1.3
[ 3.154637] Bluetooth: BNEP filters: protocol multicast
[ 3.154641] Bluetooth: BNEP socket layer initialized
[ 17.072559] Bluetooth: RFCOMM TTY layer initialized
[ 17.072567] Bluetooth: RFCOMM socket layer initialized
[ 17.072572] Bluetooth: RFCOMM ver 1.11
[ 364.861714] Bluetooth: hci0: Bootloader revision 0.0 build 2 week 52 2014
[ 364.868660] Bluetooth: hci0: Device revision is 5
[ 364.868682] Bluetooth: hci0: Secure boot is enabled
[ 364.868684] Bluetooth: hci0: OTP lock is enabled
[ 364.868686] Bluetooth: hci0: API lock is enabled
[ 364.868688] Bluetooth: hci0: Debug lock is disabled
[ 364.868693] Bluetooth: hci0: Minimum firmware build 1 week 10 2014
[ 364.874079] Bluetooth: hci0: Found device firmware: intel/ibt-11-5.sfi
[ 366.557166] Bluetooth: hci0: Waiting for firmware download to complete
[ 366.557321] Bluetooth: hci0: Firmware loaded in 1657881 usecs
[ 366.557577] Bluetooth: hci0: Waiting for device to boot
[ 366.569358] Bluetooth: hci0: Device booted in 11666 usecs
[ 366.571206] Bluetooth: hci0: Found Intel DDC parameters: intel/ibt-11-5.ddc
[ 366.575471] Bluetooth: hci0: Applying Intel DDC parameters completed
[ 450.141876] Bluetooth: SMP security requested but not available
[ 1083.993183] Bluetooth: SMP security requested but not available
[ 1231.253271] Bluetooth: SMP security requested but not available
[ 1241.243098] Bluetooth: SMP security requested but not available
[ 2155.113184] Bluetooth: SMP security requested but not available
[17079.840115] Bluetooth: hci0: Bootloader revision 0.0 build 2 week 52 2014
[17079.847101] Bluetooth: hci0: Device revision is 5
[17079.847113] Bluetooth: hci0: Secure boot is enabled
[17079.847121] Bluetooth: hci0: OTP lock is enabled
[17079.847128] Bluetooth: hci0: API lock is enabled
[17079.847135] Bluetooth: hci0: Debug lock is disabled
[17079.847145] Bluetooth: hci0: Minimum firmware build 1 week 10 2014
[17079.851993] Bluetooth: hci0: Found device firmware: intel/ibt-11-5.sfi
[17081.456649] Bluetooth: hci0: Waiting for firmware download to complete
[17081.456937] Bluetooth: hci0: Firmware loaded in 1580614 usecs
[17081.457090] Bluetooth: hci0: Waiting for device to boot
[17081.468974] Bluetooth: hci0: Device booted in 11693 usecs
[17081.475381] Bluetooth: hci0: Found Intel DDC parameters: intel/ibt-11-5.ddc
[17081.479011] Bluetooth: hci0: Applying Intel DDC parameters completed
蓝牙设置的输出显示可以检测到设备但似乎无法配对：
但正如我提到的，该设备未列在音频输出源列表中：
输出自/var/log/syslog
由于字符限制，略有缩写（我复制了所有包含单词蓝牙的部分）。
Jul 4 15:06:58 nb-infomm16-12 kernel: [23806.809863] Restarting tasks ...
Jul 4 15:06:58 nb-infomm16-12 kernel: [23806.822067] Bluetooth: hci0: Bootloader revision 0.0 build 2 week 52 2014
Jul 4 15:06:58 nb-infomm16-12 kernel: [23806.829951] done.
Jul 4 15:06:58 nb-infomm16-12 kernel: [23806.833760] Bluetooth: hci0: Device revision is 5
Jul 4 15:06:58 nb-infomm16-12 kernel: [23806.833764] Bluetooth: hci0: Secure boot is enabled
Jul 4 15:06:58 nb-infomm16-12 kernel: [23806.833766] Bluetooth: hci0: OTP lock is enabled
Jul 4 15:06:58 nb-infomm16-12 kernel: [23806.833767] Bluetooth: hci0: API lock is enabled
Jul 4 15:06:58 nb-infomm16-12 kernel: [23806.833768] Bluetooth: hci0: Debug lock is disabled
Jul 4 15:06:58 nb-infomm16-12 kernel: [23806.833770] Bluetooth: hci0: Minimum firmware build 1 week 10 2014
Jul 4 15:06:58 nb-infomm16-12 kernel: [23806.834051] Bluetooth: hci0: Found device firmware: intel/ibt-11-5.sfi
Jul 4 15:06:58 nb-infomm16-12 systemd[1]: bluetooth.target: Unit not needed anymore. Stopping.
Jul 4 15:06:58 nb-infomm16-12 systemd[1]: Stopped target Bluetooth.
Jul 4 15:07:00 nb-infomm16-12 kernel: [23808.284169] Bluetooth: hci0: Waiting for firmware download to complete
Jul 4 15:07:00 nb-infomm16-12 kernel: [23808.284634] Bluetooth: hci0: Firmware loaded in 1440239 usecs
Jul 4 15:07:00 nb-infomm16-12 kernel: [23808.284709] Bluetooth: hci0: Waiting for device to boot
Jul 4 15:07:00 nb-infomm16-12 kernel: [23808.295648] Bluetooth: hci0: Device booted in 10720 usecs
Jul 4 15:07:00 nb-infomm16-12 kernel: [23808.296012] Bluetooth: hci0: Found Intel DDC parameters: intel/ibt-11-5.ddc
Jul 4 15:07:00 nb-infomm16-12 kernel: [23808.299680] Bluetooth: hci0: Applying Intel DDC parameters completed
Jul 4 15:06:59 nb-infomm16-12 whoopsie[2716]: [16:06:59] Cannot reach: https://daisy.ubuntu.com
Jul 4 15:07:00 nb-infomm16-12 bluetoothd[1434]: Failed to obtain handles for "Service Changed" characteristic
Jul 4 15:07:00 nb-infomm16-12 bluetoothd[1434]: Not enough free handles to register service
Jul 4 15:07:00 nb-infomm16-12 bluetoothd[1434]: Error adding Link Loss service
Jul 4 15:07:00 nb-infomm16-12 bluetoothd[1434]: Not enough free handles to register service
Jul 4 15:07:00 nb-infomm16-12 bluetoothd[1434]: message repeated 2 times: [ Not enough free handles to register service]
Jul 4 15:07:00 nb-infomm16-12 bluetoothd[1434]: Current Time Service could not be registered
Jul 4 15:07:00 nb-infomm16-12 bluetoothd[1434]: gatt-time-server: Input/output error (5)
Jul 4 15:07:00 nb-infomm16-12 bluetoothd[1434]: Not enough free handles to register service
Jul 4 15:07:00 nb-infomm16-12 bluetoothd[1434]: Not enough free handles to register service
Jul 4 15:07:00 nb-infomm16-12 bluetoothd[1434]: Sap driver initialization failed.
Jul 4 15:07:00 nb-infomm16-12 systemd[1]: Reached target Bluetooth.
Jul 4 15:07:00 nb-infomm16-12 bluetoothd[1434]: sap-server: Operation not permitted (1)
Jul 4 15:07:01 nb-infomm16-12 ModemManager[750]: <info> Couldn't check support for device at '/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.2/0000:04:00.0': not supported by any plugin
Jul 4 15:07:01 nb-infomm16-12 ModemManager[750]: <info> Couldn't check support for device at '/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.6': not supported by any plugin
Jul 4 15:07:04 nb-infomm16-12 bluetoothd[1434]: Unable to register GATT service with handle 0x0001 for device 04:52:C7:F9:4C:D0
Jul 4 15:07:04 nb-infomm16-12 bluetoothd[1434]: Unable to register GATT service with handle 0x0013 for device 04:52:C7:F9:4C:D0
Jul 4 15:07:19 nb-infomm16-12 ModemManager[750]: <info> Creating modem with plugin 'Generic' and '1' ports
Jul 4 15:07:19 nb-infomm16-12 ModemManager[750]: <warn> Could not grab port (tty/ttyS4): 'Cannot add port 'tty/ttyS4', unhandled serial type'
Jul 4 15:07:19 nb-infomm16-12 ModemManager[750]: <warn> Couldn't create modem for device at '/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:16.3': Failed to find primary AT port
Jul 4 15:07:29 nb-infomm16-12 bluetoothd[1434]: Unable to register GATT service with handle 0x0001 for device 04:52:C7:F9:4C:D0
Jul 4 15:07:29 nb-infomm16-12 bluetoothd[1434]: Unable to register GATT service with handle 0x0013 for device 04:52:C7:F9:4C:D0
Jul 4 15:07:44 nb-infomm16-12 dbus[801]: [system] Activating service name='org.blueman.Mechanism' (using servicehelper)
Jul 4 15:07:44 nb-infomm16-12 org.blueman.Mechanism[801]: Failed to connect to Mir: Failed to connect to server socket: No such file or directory
Jul 4 15:07:44 nb-infomm16-12 org.blueman.Mechanism[801]: Unable to init server: Could not connect: Connection refused
Jul 4 15:07:44 nb-infomm16-12 org.blueman.Mechanism[801]: Failed to connect to Mir: Failed to connect to server socket: No such file or directory
Jul 4 15:07:44 nb-infomm16-12 org.blueman.Mechanism[801]: Unable to init server: Could not connect: Connection refused
Jul 4 15:07:44 nb-infomm16-12 blueman-mechanism: Starting blueman-mechanism
Jul 4 15:07:44 nb-infomm16-12 dbus[801]: [system] Successfully activated service 'org.blueman.Mechanism'
Jul 4 15:07:44 nb-infomm16-12 org.blueman.Mechanism[801]: (blueman-mechanism:1358): Gtk-CRITICAL **: gtk_icon_theme_get_for_screen: assertion 'GDK_IS_SCREEN (screen)' failed
Jul 4 15:07:44 nb-infomm16-12 blueman-mechanism: loading Network
Jul 4 15:07:44 nb-infomm16-12 blueman-mechanism: loading Rfcomm
Jul 4 15:07:44 nb-infomm16-12 blueman-mechanism: loading Ppp
Jul 4 15:07:44 nb-infomm16-12 blueman-mechanism: loading RfKill
Jul 4 15:07:53 nb-infomm16-12 kernel: [23861.775248] Bluetooth: SMP security requested but not available
Jul 4 15:08:12 nb-infomm16-12 systemd[3106]: Time has been changed
Jul 4 15:08:12 nb-infomm16-12 ntpd[2741]: receive: Unexpected origin timestamp from 193.52.136.2
Jul 4 15:08:12 nb-infomm16-12 systemd[1]: Time has been changed
Jul 4 15:08:15 nb-infomm16-12 blueman-mechanism: Exiting
Jul 4 15:08:37 nb-infomm16-12 kernel: [23904.285184] Bluetooth: SMP security requested but not available
Jul 4 15:08:37 nb-infomm16-12 kernel: [23904.285215] Bluetooth: SMP security requested but not available
Jul 4 15:08:37 nb-infomm16-12 kernel: [23904.285394] Bluetooth: SMP security requested but not available
Jul 4 15:08:37 nb-infomm16-12 bluetoothd[1434]: Unable to register GATT service with handle 0x0001 for device 04:52:C7:F9:4C:D0
Jul 4 15:08:37 nb-infomm16-12 bluetoothd[1434]: Unable to register GATT service with handle 0x0013 for device 04:52:C7:F9:4C:D0
答案1
由于尚未有人发布答案，我将发布一些解决方案来尝试，希望能激励其他有更多经验的人发布答案。
看看其他人尝试过什么
从Unix 和 Linux网站上有这个问答：如何在 Linux Mint Debian 中使用 pulseaudio 配对 Bose Soundlink 蓝牙：
sudo nano /etc/bluetooth/audio.conf # Insert lines below & save
[General]
Disable=Socket
Enable=Media,Source,Sink,Gateway
然后命令：
sudo service bluetooth restart
sudo pactl load-module module-bluetooth-discover
sudo pactl load-module module-switch-on-connect
不要按原样尝试这些步骤，请阅读整个答案！
Ask Ubuntu 中的答案
另一个值得一看的答案是：如何让 Bose Soundlink Mini 蓝牙正常工作
收集日志信息的另一种方法
使用 Ubuntu 16.04 及更高版本，您可以打开终端并输入journalctl --follow。然后执行各种 GUI 操作（例如蓝牙配对）并实时查看系统消息。这为您提供了systemd替代dmesg。
以下是日志输出的journalctl --follow位置：
- 蓝牙可见性已开启
- 索尼外置扬声器已设置为配对
- 之前与扬声器配对的摩托罗拉手机被唤醒并关闭了手机的蓝牙
journalctl样本日志：
$ journalctl --follow
-- Logs begin at Mon 2018-03-05 05:53:18 MST. --
Jul 07 09:49:05 alien dbus[762]: [system] Rejected send message, 2 matched rules; type="method_return", sender=":1.34" (uid=0 pid=1527 comm="/usr/lib/bluetooth/bluetoothd -E ") interface="(unset)" member="(unset)" error name="(unset)" requested_reply="0" destination=":1.63" (uid=1000 pid=2519 comm="/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/indicator-bluetooth/indi")
Jul 07 09:49:40 alien kernel: nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: resuming kernel object tree...
Jul 07 09:49:41 alien kernel: nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: resuming client object trees...
Jul 07 09:49:41 alien kernel: nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: resuming display...
Jul 07 09:49:41 alien kernel: nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: resuming console...
Jul 07 09:49:46 alien kernel: ACPI Warning: \_SB_.PCI0.PEG0.PEGP._DSM: Argument #4 type mismatch - Found [Buffer], ACPI requires [Package] (20150930/nsarguments-95)
Jul 07 09:49:46 alien kernel: ACPI: \_SB_.PCI0.PEG0.PEGP: failed to evaluate _DSM
Jul 07 09:49:46 alien kernel: ACPI Warning: \_SB_.PCI0.PEG0.PEGP._DSM: Argument #4 type mismatch - Found [Buffer], ACPI requires [Package] (20150930/nsarguments-95)
Jul 07 09:49:46 alien kernel: nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: suspending console...
Jul 07 09:49:46 alien kernel: nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: suspending display...
Jul 07 09:49:46 alien kernel: nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: evicting buffers...
Jul 07 09:49:46 alien kernel: nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: waiting for kernel channels to go idle...
Jul 07 09:49:46 alien kernel: nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: suspending client object trees...
Jul 07 09:49:46 alien kernel: nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: suspending kernel object tree...
Jul 07 09:51:20 alien kernel: usb 1-1.4.4: new high-speed USB device number 13 using xhci_hcd
Jul 07 09:51:20 alien kernel: usb 1-1.4.4: New USB device found, idVendor=22b8, idProduct=2ea4
Jul 07 09:51:20 alien kernel: usb 1-1.4.4: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
Jul 07 09:51:20 alien kernel: usb 1-1.4.4: Product: Moto E (4)
Jul 07 09:51:20 alien kernel: usb 1-1.4.4: Manufacturer: motorola
Jul 07 09:51:20 alien kernel: usb 1-1.4.4: SerialNumber: ZY224VD3MX
Jul 07 09:51:20 alien mtp-probe[17678]: checking bus 1, device 13: "/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.4/1-1.4.4"
Jul 07 09:51:20 alien mtp-probe[17678]: bus: 1, device: 13 was not an MTP device
Jul 07 09:51:21 alien kernel: usb 1-1.1: usbfs: interface 0 claimed by usblp while 'brscan-skey-0.2' sets config #1
系统可能同时生成其他消息，您可能需要忽略这些消息。
打开蓝牙扬声器
使用系统托盘 GUI，当单击Off将其打开时On，终端中会出现以下消息：
Jul 07 10:14:32 alien bluetoothd[1527]: Unable to get Headset Voice gateway SDP record: Host is down
由于扬声器没有麦克风，因此信息很微不足道。
Bose Revolv Soundlink 故障排除
从这里它表明：
蓝牙无法配对
您的蓝牙设备无法与扬声器配对。
扬声器未处于蓝牙模式
确保扬声器处于蓝牙模式，方法是在扬声器打开时按下扬声器上的蓝牙按钮。当扬声器准备好配对时，蓝牙按钮旁边的 LED 将闪烁蓝光，并且如果语音提示已打开，扬声器将说“准备配对”。
您的设备上未打开或启用蓝牙
确保您的设备的蓝牙已打开或启用，然后尝试再次配对。
您尝试连接到扬声器的设备可能超出范围
扬声器的无线范围是 30 英尺。请确保您尝试连接到扬声器的设备在该范围内，然后尝试再次配对。
你的设备和扬声器之间有东西
确保您的设备和扬声器之间没有任何东西，例如身体、墙壁等，然后尝试再次配对。
多台配对设备
一次只能将一个设备连接到扬声器。如果有两个设备与扬声器配对，请关闭您不想连接到扬声器的设备上蓝牙，然后尝试将您想要连接到扬声器的设备配对。
已有 8 个设备连接到扬声器
扬声器只能存储最近与之配对的八个设备的信息。要选择您的设备，请反复按下扬声器上的蓝牙按钮，直到听到设备名称。如果您没有听到设备名称，请清除扬声器的设备内存。要清除内存并连接您的设备，请按住扬声器上的蓝牙按钮，直到听到提示音，如果启用了语音提示，您还会听到语音提示。然后蓝牙指示灯将开始闪烁蓝光，您可以尝试再次将设备连接到扬声器。
扬声器主板可能有故障
首先，在扬声器打开时按住电源按钮，直到扬声器要求您选择语言并且出现闪烁的蓝灯，将扬声器恢复出厂设置。选择一种语言，然后尝试再次将您的设备连接到扬声器。如果您的设备仍然无法连接到扬声器，请考虑更换主板作为最后的手段。