所讨论的机器是 Acer Aspire 5 A15-52G-53PU，具有以下规格：
- 中央处理器：i5-8265 1.6-3.9GHz
- 8GB 内存
- SSD（两个分区，537MB EFI，256GB Ext4）
用秒表测量，大约需要1分10秒按下电源按钮后显示桌面，然后再过 40 秒才打开网络浏览器，这看起来真的很奇怪，因为我还有另一台 8 年前的古老笔记本电脑，可以在 15 秒内启动 Windows 10。
按照，我有一个 2 GB 的交换文件sudo swapon --show。
我对这台机器的另一个问题是，当它从睡眠状态唤醒时，只能短暂使用（通常足以输入我的密码并确认），然后冻结几秒钟才能再次响应。
以下是一些systemd-analyze输出：
$ systemd-analyze
Startup finished in 1.529s (kernel) + 11.126s (userspace) = 12.655s
graphical.target reached after 11.115s in userspace
critical-chain
$ systemd-analyze critical-chain
The time when unit became active or started is printed after the "@" character.
The time the unit took to start is printed after the "+" character.
graphical.target @11.115s
└─multi-user.target @11.115s
└─snapd.seeded.service @10.350s +764ms
└─snapd.service @5.098s +5.247s
└─basic.target @4.884s
└─sockets.target @4.883s
└─snapd.socket @4.864s +18ms
└─sysinit.target @4.844s
└─systemd-timesyncd.service @4.473s +370ms
└─systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service @4.218s +248ms
└─local-fs.target @4.214s
└─run-user-1000.mount @9.998s
└─swap.target @571ms
└─swapfile.swap @406ms +150ms
└─systemd-remount-fs.service @335ms +45ms
└─systemd-journald.socket @320ms
└─-.mount @300ms
└─system.slice @300ms
└─-.slice @300ms
blame
$ systemd-analyze blame
9.105s fwupd.service
6.453s upower.service
5.247s snapd.service
4.465s networkd-dispatcher.service
4.040s udisks2.service
3.720s ModemManager.service
3.574s snap-gnome\x2dsystem\x2dmonitor-107.mount
3.558s libvirtd.service
3.515s snap-blender-33.mount
3.507s snap-gnome\x2dsystem\x2dmonitor-111.mount
3.454s snap-gnome\x2dlogs-73.mount
3.384s snap-keepassxc-625.mount
3.373s dev-sda2.device
3.358s snap-gnome\x2dcalculator-536.mount
3.345s snap-blender-34.mount
3.324s snap-core-8039.mount
3.290s snap-postman-94.mount
3.289s snap-firefox-280.mount
3.280s snap-gnome\x2d3\x2d28\x2d1804-110.mount
3.265s snap-core18-1223.mount
3.246s snap-postman-96.mount
3.141s accounts-daemon.service
2.995s dev-loop8.device
2.965s dev-loop9.device
2.905s dev-loop11.device
2.774s dev-loop12.device
2.703s dev-loop14.device
2.636s dev-loop16.device
2.548s dev-loop19.device
2.547s dev-loop15.device
2.507s dev-loop18.device
2.492s dev-loop21.device
2.477s dev-loop20.device
2.391s dev-loop22.device
2.335s systemd-resolved.service
2.333s dev-loop30.device
2.319s dev-loop23.device
2.236s dev-loop26.device
2.160s dev-loop29.device
2.158s dev-loop28.device
2.114s dev-loop25.device
1.937s avahi-daemon.service
1.925s bluetooth.service
1.925s systemd-logind.service
1.924s thermald.service
1.903s grub-initrd-fallback.service
1.889s secureboot-db.service
1.873s switcheroo-control.service
1.871s rsyslog.service
1.869s lm-sensors.service
1.859s wpa_supplicant.service
1.838s apport.service
1.836s grub-common.service
1.825s gpu-manager.service
1.792s NetworkManager.service
1.726s vpnagentd.service
1.148s snap-android\x2dstudio-80.mount
1.087s snap-gnome\x2dcharacters-359.mount
940ms snap-gnome\x2d3\x2d26\x2d1604-98.mount
938ms snap-gnome\x2dlogs-81.mount
891ms colord.service
883ms snap-pycharm\x2dprofessional-171.mount
879ms snap-gtk2\x2dcommon\x2dthemes-5.mount
829ms snap-gnome\x2d3\x2d28\x2d1804-91.mount
821ms snap-code-20.mount
818ms snap-discord-93.mount
775ms snap-gtk\x2dcommon\x2dthemes-1353.mount
774ms snap-gimp-227.mount
764ms snapd.seeded.service
749ms snap-eclipse-40.mount
707ms snap-keepassxc-590.mount
701ms dev-loop10.device
672ms [email protected]
645ms gdm.service
573ms snap-core-7917.mount
545ms snap-gnome\x2dcalculator-544.mount
534ms ssh.service
526ms snap-gnome\x2dcharacters-367.mount
521ms dev-loop0.device
512ms apparmor.service
504ms dev-loop1.device
460ms systemd-journald.service
446ms dev-loop2.device
425ms dev-loop17.device
422ms dev-loop13.device
386ms snap-core18-1265.mount
386ms systemd-rfkill.service
385ms snap-intellij\x2didea\x2dultimate-188.mount
380ms systemd-fsck@dev-disk-by\x2duuid-BEB4\x2dA3A8.service
379ms snap-intellij\x2didea\x2dultimate-181.mount
376ms snap-gimp-189.mount
373ms snap-discord-101.mount
373ms snap-gtk\x2dcommon\x2dthemes-1313.mount
370ms systemd-timesyncd.service
352ms dev-loop34.device
325ms dev-loop35.device
321ms dev-loop3.device
308ms dev-loop33.device
295ms dev-loop4.device
280ms dev-loop7.device
280ms dev-loop37.device
274ms snap-android\x2dstudio-81.mount
265ms ebtables.service
252ms dev-loop32.device
248ms systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service
231ms snap-gnome\x2d3\x2d26\x2d1604-97.mount
229ms dev-loop6.device
211ms pppd-dns.service
211ms dev-loop31.device
206ms snap-code-21.mount
201ms polkit.service
192ms dev-loop24.device
166ms hddtemp.service
159ms systemd-journal-flush.service
159ms dev-loop38.device
157ms dev-loop39.device
150ms swapfile.swap
131ms kerneloops.service
129ms packagekit.service
120ms systemd-user-sessions.service
108ms systemd-udevd.service
105ms qemu-kvm.service
103ms openvpn.service
99ms systemd-udev-trigger.service
96ms plymouth-read-write.service
94ms keyboard-setup.service
86ms setvtrgb.service
84ms systemd-backlight@backlight:intel_backlight.service
79ms boot-efi.mount
74ms bolt.service
72ms networking.service
70ms dev-loop36.device
67ms lvm2-monitor.service
58ms libvirt-guests.service
54ms console-setup.service
49ms snap-pycharm\x2dprofessional-173.mount
49ms snap-firefox-287.mount
45ms ufw.service
45ms systemd-remount-fs.service
45ms dev-mqueue.mount
44ms blk-availability.service
40ms sys-kernel-debug.mount
38ms dev-hugepages.mount
38ms rtkit-daemon.service
33ms [email protected]
32ms systemd-update-utmp.service
31ms systemd-modules-load.service
31ms kmod-static-nodes.service
25ms systemd-sysctl.service
21ms sys-kernel-config.mount
20ms systemd-sysusers.service
20ms systemd-random-seed.service
19ms sys-fs-fuse-connections.mount
18ms snapd.socket
18ms dev-loop40.device
13ms dev-loop5.device
13ms plymouth-quit-wait.service
13ms systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service
7ms systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service
3ms ifupdown-pre.service