我有运行 Debianstretch/pulseaudio 版本 10.0-1 的笔记本电脑，我想在其中选择内置麦克风而不是麦克风插孔。
当我通过插孔插入带有麦克风的耳机时，只有耳机的麦克风可以工作，并且我找不到切换到内置麦克风的方法。
$ amixer -c0 controls | grep -i mic
numid=16,iface=CARD,name='Internal Mic Phantom Jack'
numid=15,iface=CARD,name='Mic Jack'
numid=11,iface=MIXER,name='Mic Boost Volume'
numid=7,iface=MIXER,name='Mic Playback Switch'
numid=6,iface=MIXER,name='Mic Playback Volume'
numid=12,iface=MIXER,name='Internal Mic Boost Volume'
我所有笔记本电脑上的声卡都是 HDA Intel PCH。
我尝试禁用 iface=CARD numid=15 但出现“不允许操作”：
$ amixer -c0 cset numid=15 off
amixer: Control hw:0 element write error: Operation not permitted
编辑：
正如评论中所建议的，我在 pavucontrol 和pulseaudio 设置中进行了搜索，但找不到任何可以解决我的问题的内容。
编辑2：
为了获得有关编解码器的更多信息，我粘贴了命令的输出cat /proc/asound/card*/codec\#*：
Codec: Realtek ALC293
Address: 0
AFG Function Id: 0x1 (unsol 1)
Vendor Id: 0x10ec0293
Subsystem Id: 0x17aa504b
Revision Id: 0x100003
No Modem Function Group found
Default PCM:
rates [0x5f0]: 32000 44100 48000 88200 96000 192000
bits [0xe]: 16 20 24
formats [0x1]: PCM
Default Amp-In caps: N/A
Default Amp-Out caps: N/A
State of AFG node 0x01:
Power states: D0 D1 D2 D3 D3cold CLKSTOP EPSS
Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
GPIO: io=5, o=0, i=0, unsolicited=1, wake=0
IO[0]: enable=0, dir=0, wake=0, sticky=0, data=0, unsol=0
IO[1]: enable=0, dir=0, wake=0, sticky=0, data=0, unsol=0
IO[2]: enable=0, dir=0, wake=0, sticky=0, data=0, unsol=0
IO[3]: enable=0, dir=0, wake=0, sticky=0, data=0, unsol=0
IO[4]: enable=0, dir=0, wake=0, sticky=0, data=0, unsol=0
Node 0x02 [Audio Output] wcaps 0x41d: Stereo Amp-Out
Control: name="Speaker Playback Volume", index=0, device=0
ControlAmp: chs=3, dir=Out, idx=0, ofs=0
Device: name="ALC293 Analog", type="Audio", device=0
Amp-Out caps: ofs=0x57, nsteps=0x57, stepsize=0x02, mute=0
Amp-Out vals: [0x2b 0x2b]
Converter: stream=1, channel=0
PCM:
rates [0x560]: 44100 48000 96000 192000
bits [0xe]: 16 20 24
formats [0x1]: PCM
Power states: D0 D1 D2 D3 EPSS
Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
Node 0x03 [Audio Output] wcaps 0x41d: Stereo Amp-Out
Control: name="Headphone Playback Volume", index=0, device=0
ControlAmp: chs=3, dir=Out, idx=0, ofs=0
Amp-Out caps: ofs=0x57, nsteps=0x57, stepsize=0x02, mute=0
Amp-Out vals: [0x00 0x00]
Converter: stream=1, channel=0
PCM:
rates [0x560]: 44100 48000 96000 192000
bits [0xe]: 16 20 24
formats [0x1]: PCM
Power states: D0 D1 D2 D3 EPSS
Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
Node 0x04 [Vendor Defined Widget] wcaps 0xf00000: Mono
Node 0x05 [Vendor Defined Widget] wcaps 0xf00000: Mono
Node 0x06 [Audio Output] wcaps 0x611: Stereo Digital
Converter: stream=0, channel=0
Digital:
Digital category: 0x0
IEC Coding Type: 0x0
PCM:
rates [0x5f0]: 32000 44100 48000 88200 96000 192000
bits [0xe]: 16 20 24
formats [0x1]: PCM
Power states: D0 D1 D2 D3 EPSS
Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
Node 0x07 [Audio Input] wcaps 0x10051b: Stereo Amp-In
Amp-In caps: ofs=0x17, nsteps=0x3f, stepsize=0x02, mute=1
Amp-In vals: [0x97 0x97]
Converter: stream=0, channel=0
SDI-Select: 0
PCM:
rates [0x560]: 44100 48000 96000 192000
bits [0xe]: 16 20 24
formats [0x1]: PCM
Power states: D0 D1 D2 D3 EPSS
Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
Connection: 1
0x24
Node 0x08 [Audio Input] wcaps 0x10051b: Stereo Amp-In
Amp-In caps: ofs=0x17, nsteps=0x3f, stepsize=0x02, mute=1
Amp-In vals: [0x97 0x97]
Converter: stream=0, channel=0
SDI-Select: 0
PCM:
rates [0x560]: 44100 48000 96000 192000
bits [0xe]: 16 20 24
formats [0x1]: PCM
Power states: D0 D1 D2 D3 EPSS
Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
Connection: 1
0x23
Node 0x09 [Audio Input] wcaps 0x10051b: Stereo Amp-In
Control: name="Capture Volume", index=0, device=0
ControlAmp: chs=3, dir=In, idx=0, ofs=0
Control: name="Capture Switch", index=0, device=0
ControlAmp: chs=3, dir=In, idx=0, ofs=0
Device: name="ALC293 Analog", type="Audio", device=0
Amp-In caps: ofs=0x17, nsteps=0x3f, stepsize=0x02, mute=1
Amp-In vals: [0x3e 0x3e]
Converter: stream=1, channel=0
SDI-Select: 0
PCM:
rates [0x560]: 44100 48000 96000 192000
bits [0xe]: 16 20 24
formats [0x1]: PCM
Power states: D0 D1 D2 D3 EPSS
Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
Connection: 1
0x22
Node 0x0a [Vendor Defined Widget] wcaps 0xf00000: Mono
Node 0x0b [Audio Mixer] wcaps 0x20010b: Stereo Amp-In
Control: name="Dock Mic Playback Volume", index=0, device=0
ControlAmp: chs=3, dir=In, idx=1, ofs=0
Control: name="Dock Mic Playback Switch", index=0, device=0
ControlAmp: chs=3, dir=In, idx=1, ofs=0
Control: name="Mic Playback Volume", index=0, device=0
ControlAmp: chs=3, dir=In, idx=2, ofs=0
Control: name="Mic Playback Switch", index=0, device=0
ControlAmp: chs=3, dir=In, idx=2, ofs=0
Control: name="Beep Playback Volume", index=0, device=0
ControlAmp: chs=3, dir=In, idx=4, ofs=0
Control: name="Beep Playback Switch", index=0, device=0
ControlAmp: chs=3, dir=In, idx=4, ofs=0
Amp-In caps: ofs=0x17, nsteps=0x1f, stepsize=0x05, mute=1
Amp-In vals: [0x80 0x80] [0x00 0x00] [0x16 0x16] [0x80 0x80] [0x80 0x80]
Connection: 5
0x18 0x19 0x1a 0x1b 0x1d
Node 0x0c [Audio Mixer] wcaps 0x20010b: Stereo Amp-In
Amp-In caps: ofs=0x00, nsteps=0x00, stepsize=0x00, mute=1
Amp-In vals: [0x00 0x00] [0x80 0x80]
Connection: 2
0x02 0x0b
Node 0x0d [Audio Mixer] wcaps 0x20010b: Stereo Amp-In
Amp-In caps: ofs=0x00, nsteps=0x00, stepsize=0x00, mute=1
Amp-In vals: [0x00 0x00] [0x80 0x80]
Connection: 2
0x03 0x0b
Node 0x0e [Vendor Defined Widget] wcaps 0xf00000: Mono
Node 0x0f [Vendor Defined Widget] wcaps 0xf00000: Mono
Node 0x10 [Vendor Defined Widget] wcaps 0xf00000: Mono
Node 0x11 [Vendor Defined Widget] wcaps 0xf00000: Mono
Node 0x12 [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x40040b: Stereo Amp-In
Control: name="Internal Mic Boost Volume", index=0, device=0
ControlAmp: chs=3, dir=In, idx=0, ofs=0
Amp-In caps: ofs=0x00, nsteps=0x03, stepsize=0x27, mute=0
Amp-In vals: [0x00 0x00]
Pincap 0x00000020: IN
Pin Default 0x90a60130: [Fixed] Mic at Int N/A
Conn = Digital, Color = Unknown
DefAssociation = 0x3, Sequence = 0x0
Misc = NO_PRESENCE
Pin-ctls: 0x20: IN
Power states: D0 D1 D2 D3 EPSS
Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
Node 0x13 [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x40040b: Stereo Amp-In
Amp-In caps: ofs=0x00, nsteps=0x03, stepsize=0x27, mute=0
Amp-In vals: [0x00 0x00]
Pincap 0x00000020: IN
Pin Default 0x40000000: [N/A] Line Out at Ext N/A
Conn = Unknown, Color = Unknown
DefAssociation = 0x0, Sequence = 0x0
Pin-ctls: 0x00:
Power states: D0 D1 D2 D3 EPSS
Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
Node 0x14 [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x40058d: Stereo Amp-Out
Control: name="Speaker Playback Switch", index=0, device=0
ControlAmp: chs=3, dir=Out, idx=0, ofs=0
Amp-Out caps: ofs=0x00, nsteps=0x00, stepsize=0x00, mute=1
Amp-Out vals: [0x80 0x80]
Pincap 0x00010010: OUT EAPD
EAPD 0x2: EAPD
Pin Default 0x90170110: [Fixed] Speaker at Int N/A
Conn = Analog, Color = Unknown
DefAssociation = 0x1, Sequence = 0x0
Misc = NO_PRESENCE
Pin-ctls: 0x40: OUT
Unsolicited: tag=00, enabled=0
Power states: D0 D1 D2 D3 EPSS
Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
Connection: 1
0x0c
Node 0x15 [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x40058d: Stereo Amp-Out
Control: name="Headphone Playback Switch", index=1, device=0
ControlAmp: chs=3, dir=Out, idx=0, ofs=0
Amp-Out caps: ofs=0x00, nsteps=0x00, stepsize=0x00, mute=1
Amp-Out vals: [0x00 0x00]
Pincap 0x0001001c: OUT HP EAPD Detect
EAPD 0x2: EAPD
Pin Default 0x03211040: [Jack] HP Out at Ext Left
Conn = 1/8, Color = Black
DefAssociation = 0x4, Sequence = 0x0
Pin-ctls: 0xc0: OUT HP
Unsolicited: tag=02, enabled=1
Power states: D0 D1 D2 D3 EPSS
Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
Connection: 2
0x0c 0x0d*
Node 0x16 [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x40058d: Stereo Amp-Out
Control: name="Headphone Playback Switch", index=0, device=0
ControlAmp: chs=3, dir=Out, idx=0, ofs=0
Amp-Out caps: ofs=0x00, nsteps=0x00, stepsize=0x00, mute=1
Amp-Out vals: [0x80 0x80]
Pincap 0x0001001c: OUT HP EAPD Detect
EAPD 0x2: EAPD
Pin Default 0x411111f0: [N/A] Speaker at Ext Rear
Conn = 1/8, Color = Black
DefAssociation = 0xf, Sequence = 0x0
Misc = NO_PRESENCE
Pin-ctls: 0xc0: OUT HP
Unsolicited: tag=01, enabled=1
Power states: D0 D1 D2 D3 EPSS
Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
Connection: 2
0x0c 0x0d*
Node 0x17 [Vendor Defined Widget] wcaps 0xf00000: Mono
Node 0x18 [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x40058f: Stereo Amp-In Amp-Out
Amp-In caps: ofs=0x00, nsteps=0x03, stepsize=0x27, mute=0
Amp-In vals: [0x00 0x00]
Amp-Out caps: ofs=0x00, nsteps=0x00, stepsize=0x00, mute=1
Amp-Out vals: [0x80 0x80]
Pincap 0x0000373c: IN OUT HP Detect
Vref caps: HIZ 50 GRD 80 100
Pin Default 0x411111f0: [N/A] Speaker at Ext Rear
Conn = 1/8, Color = Black
DefAssociation = 0xf, Sequence = 0x0
Misc = NO_PRESENCE
Pin-ctls: 0x00: VREF_HIZ
Unsolicited: tag=00, enabled=0
Power states: D0 D1 D2 D3 EPSS
Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
Connection: 2
0x0c* 0x0d
Node 0x19 [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x40048b: Stereo Amp-In
Control: name="Dock Mic Boost Volume", index=0, device=0
ControlAmp: chs=3, dir=In, idx=0, ofs=0
Amp-In caps: ofs=0x00, nsteps=0x03, stepsize=0x27, mute=0
Amp-In vals: [0x00 0x00]
Pincap 0x00000024: IN Detect
Pin Default 0x411111f0: [N/A] Speaker at Ext Rear
Conn = 1/8, Color = Black
DefAssociation = 0xf, Sequence = 0x0
Misc = NO_PRESENCE
Pin-ctls: 0x20: IN
Unsolicited: tag=03, enabled=1
Power states: D0 D1 D2 D3 EPSS
Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
Node 0x1a [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x40048b: Stereo Amp-In
Control: name="Mic Boost Volume", index=0, device=0
ControlAmp: chs=3, dir=In, idx=0, ofs=0
Amp-In caps: ofs=0x00, nsteps=0x03, stepsize=0x27, mute=0
Amp-In vals: [0x00 0x00]
Pincap 0x00003724: IN Detect
Vref caps: HIZ 50 GRD 80 100
Pin Default 0x03a11020: [Jack] Mic at Ext Left
Conn = 1/8, Color = Black
DefAssociation = 0x2, Sequence = 0x0
Pin-ctls: 0x24: IN VREF_80
Unsolicited: tag=04, enabled=1
Power states: D0 D1 D2 D3 EPSS
Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
Node 0x1b [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x40058f: Stereo Amp-In Amp-Out
Amp-In caps: ofs=0x00, nsteps=0x03, stepsize=0x27, mute=0
Amp-In vals: [0x00 0x00]
Amp-Out caps: ofs=0x00, nsteps=0x00, stepsize=0x00, mute=1
Amp-Out vals: [0x80 0x80]
Pincap 0x0000373c: IN OUT HP Detect
Vref caps: HIZ 50 GRD 80 100
Pin Default 0x411111f0: [N/A] Speaker at Ext Rear
Conn = 1/8, Color = Black
DefAssociation = 0xf, Sequence = 0x0
Misc = NO_PRESENCE
Pin-ctls: 0x20: IN VREF_HIZ
Unsolicited: tag=00, enabled=0
Power states: D0 D1 D2 D3 EPSS
Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
Connection: 2
0x0c* 0x0d
Node 0x1c [Vendor Defined Widget] wcaps 0xf00000: Mono
Node 0x1d [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x400400: Mono
Pincap 0x00000020: IN
Pin Default 0x40738105: [N/A] Modem Hand at Ext N/A
Conn = ATAPI, Color = Purple
DefAssociation = 0x0, Sequence = 0x5
Misc = NO_PRESENCE
Pin-ctls: 0x20: IN
Power states: D0 D1 D2 D3 EPSS
Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
Node 0x1e [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x400781: Stereo Digital
Pincap 0x00000014: OUT Detect
Pin Default 0x411111f0: [N/A] Speaker at Ext Rear
Conn = 1/8, Color = Black
DefAssociation = 0xf, Sequence = 0x0
Misc = NO_PRESENCE
Pin-ctls: 0x40: OUT
Unsolicited: tag=00, enabled=0
Power states: D0 D1 D2 D3 EPSS
Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
Connection: 1
0x06
Node 0x1f [Vendor Defined Widget] wcaps 0xf00000: Mono
Node 0x20 [Vendor Defined Widget] wcaps 0xf00040: Mono
Processing caps: benign=0, ncoeff=90
Node 0x21 [Vendor Defined Widget] wcaps 0xf00000: Mono
Node 0x22 [Audio Selector] wcaps 0x300101: Stereo
Connection: 8
0x18 0x19 0x1a 0x1b 0x1d 0x0b 0x12* 0x13
Node 0x23 [Audio Selector] wcaps 0x300101: Stereo
Connection: 6
0x18* 0x19 0x1a 0x1b 0x1d 0x0b
Node 0x24 [Audio Selector] wcaps 0x300101: Stereo
Connection: 2
0x12* 0x13
Codec: Intel Skylake HDMI
Address: 2
AFG Function Id: 0x1 (unsol 0)
Vendor Id: 0x80862809
Subsystem Id: 0x80860101
Revision Id: 0x100000
No Modem Function Group found
Default PCM:
rates [0x0]:
bits [0x0]:
formats [0x0]:
Default Amp-In caps: N/A
Default Amp-Out caps: N/A
State of AFG node 0x01:
Power states: D0 D3 CLKSTOP EPSS
Power: setting=D0, actual=D0, Clock-stop-OK
GPIO: io=0, o=0, i=0, unsolicited=0, wake=0
Node 0x02 [Audio Output] wcaps 0x6611: 8-Channels Digital
Converter: stream=0, channel=0
Digital: Enabled KAE
Digital category: 0x0
IEC Coding Type: 0x0
PCM:
rates [0x7f0]: 32000 44100 48000 88200 96000 176400 192000
bits [0x1a]: 16 24 32
formats [0x5]: PCM AC3
Power states: D0 D3 EPSS
Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
Node 0x03 [Audio Output] wcaps 0x6611: 8-Channels Digital
Converter: stream=0, channel=0
Digital: Enabled KAE
Digital category: 0x0
IEC Coding Type: 0x0
PCM:
rates [0x7f0]: 32000 44100 48000 88200 96000 176400 192000
bits [0x1a]: 16 24 32
formats [0x5]: PCM AC3
Power states: D0 D3 EPSS
Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
Node 0x04 [Audio Output] wcaps 0x6611: 8-Channels Digital
Converter: stream=0, channel=0
Digital: Enabled KAE
Digital category: 0x0
IEC Coding Type: 0x0
PCM:
rates [0x7f0]: 32000 44100 48000 88200 96000 176400 192000
bits [0x1a]: 16 24 32
formats [0x5]: PCM AC3
Power states: D0 D3 EPSS
Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
Node 0x05 [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x40778d: 8-Channels Digital Amp-Out CP
Control: name="IEC958 Playback Con Mask", index=0, device=0
Control: name="IEC958 Playback Pro Mask", index=0, device=0
Control: name="IEC958 Playback Default", index=0, device=0
Control: name="IEC958 Playback Switch", index=0, device=0
Amp-Out caps: ofs=0x00, nsteps=0x00, stepsize=0x00, mute=1
Amp-Out vals: [0x00 0x00]
Pincap 0x0b000094: OUT Detect HBR HDMI DP
Pin Default 0x18560010: [Jack] Digital Out at Int HDMI
Conn = Digital, Color = Unknown
DefAssociation = 0x1, Sequence = 0x0
Pin-ctls: 0x00:
Unsolicited: tag=00, enabled=0
Power states: D0 D3 EPSS
Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
Devices: 0
Connection: 0
In-driver Connection: 3
0x02 0x03 0x04
Node 0x06 [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x40778d: 8-Channels Digital Amp-Out CP
Control: name="IEC958 Playback Con Mask", index=1, device=0
Control: name="IEC958 Playback Pro Mask", index=1, device=0
Control: name="IEC958 Playback Default", index=1, device=0
Control: name="IEC958 Playback Switch", index=1, device=0
Amp-Out caps: ofs=0x00, nsteps=0x00, stepsize=0x00, mute=1
Amp-Out vals: [0x00 0x00]
Pincap 0x0b000094: OUT Detect HBR HDMI DP
Pin Default 0x18560010: [Jack] Digital Out at Int HDMI
Conn = Digital, Color = Unknown
DefAssociation = 0x1, Sequence = 0x0
Pin-ctls: 0x00:
Unsolicited: tag=00, enabled=0
Power states: D0 D3 EPSS
Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
Devices: 0
Connection: 0
In-driver Connection: 3
0x02 0x03 0x04
Node 0x07 [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x40778d: 8-Channels Digital Amp-Out CP
Control: name="IEC958 Playback Con Mask", index=2, device=0
Control: name="IEC958 Playback Pro Mask", index=2, device=0
Control: name="IEC958 Playback Default", index=2, device=0
Control: name="IEC958 Playback Switch", index=2, device=0
Amp-Out caps: ofs=0x00, nsteps=0x00, stepsize=0x00, mute=1
Amp-Out vals: [0x00 0x00]
Pincap 0x0b000094: OUT Detect HBR HDMI DP
Pin Default 0x18560010: [Jack] Digital Out at Int HDMI
Conn = Digital, Color = Unknown
DefAssociation = 0x1, Sequence = 0x0
Pin-ctls: 0x00:
Unsolicited: tag=00, enabled=0
Power states: D0 D3 EPSS
Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
Devices: 0
Connection: 0
In-driver Connection: 3
0x02 0x03 0x04
Node 0x08 [Vendor Defined Widget] wcaps 0xf00000: Mono
编辑2：
我有关于 amixer 的更多信息，根据评论中的要求插入或不插入麦克风，使用以下命令：
cat /proc/asound/card0/codec#0 > /tmp/with_mic.codec0.dump
amixer -c0 contents > /tmp/with_mic.contents.dump
# unplug the microphone
cat /proc/asound/card0/codec#0 > /tmp/without_mic.codec0.dump
amixer -c0 contents > /tmp/without_mic.contents.dump
现在，如果我对 codec0 文件进行比较，我发现正如 @dirkt 猜测的那样，节点 0x22 从 0x12* 切换到 0x1a。
Node 0x22 [Audio Selector] wcaps 0x300101: Stereo
Connection: 8
- 0x18 0x19 0x1a* 0x1b 0x1d 0x0b 0x12 0x13
+ 0x18 0x19 0x1a 0x1b 0x1d 0x0b 0x12* 0x13
现在我找到了唯一的自动静音模式控件，并将其禁用。
$ amixer -c0 cget numid=11
numid=11,iface=MIXER,name='Auto-Mute Mode'
; type=ENUMERATED,access=rw------,values=1,items=2
; Item #0 'Disabled'
; Item #1 'Enabled'
: values=1
$ amixer -c0 cset numid=11 0
numid=11,iface=MIXER,name='Auto-Mute Mode'
; type=ENUMERATED,access=rw------,values=1,items=2
; Item #0 'Disabled'
; Item #1 'Enabled'
: values=0
我在插入和未插入麦克风的情况下重现了转储，但 Node 22 上的开关仍然存在差异。
答案1
部分答案：我会解释一些背景，你仍然需要找出哪里出了问题。
英特尔 HDA 编解码器被描述为节点图，由十六进制值标识。您可以使用codecgraph它来生成图形作为 postscript 文件（尽管大图形往往不可读），但这是一个粗略的文本表示：
N = Node P = Pin M = Mixer I = Audio In O = Audio Out S = Selector
I07 <- S24 <- P12* P13
I08 <- S23 <- P18* P19 P1a P1b P1d M0b
I09 <- S22 <- P18 P19 P1a P1b P1d M0b P12* P13 # capture stream = 1
O02 stream=1 # Speaker Playback Volume
O03 stream=1 # Headphone Playback Volume
O06 # Digital
M0b <- P18 P19 P1a P1b P1d
M0c <- O02 M0b # (Speaker)
M0d <- O03 M0b # (Headphone)
P12 # Fixd Mic Int / Internal Mic Boost Volume
P13 # N/A Lin Out Ext / Amp In # = Line In?
P14 <- M0c # Fixd Speaker Int / Speaker Playback
P15 <- M0c M0d* # Jack HP Out Ext Left / Headphone Playback
P16 <- M0c M0d* # N/A Speaker Ext Rear / Headphone Playback
P18 <- M0c* M0d # N/A Speaker Ext Rear / Amp I/O
P19 # N/A Speaker Ext Rear / Dock Mic Boost Volume
P1a # Jack Mic Ext Left / Mic Boost Volume
P1b <- M0c* M0d # N/A Speaker Ext Rear / Amp I/O
P1d # N/A Modem Ext
P1e <- N06 # N/A Speaker Ext Rear / Digital
我在节点前面加上了它们的功能。编解码器芯片上并非所有引脚都连接到某些东西，因此请忽略这些引脚。
仅看录音，只有节点09用于声音捕获。节点12是内部麦克风 A/D 转换器，节点1a是外部麦克风插孔 A/D 转换器。在您的转储中，选择器节点22选择12要捕获的节点，因此我假设转储是在未插入耳机的情况下进行的。
现在我们需要找出插入耳机时会发生什么变化。请将两者codec#0和输出保存amixer -c0 contents在两个临时文件中，插入耳机，然后再次将两者保存在两个不同的临时文件中。将文件与diff -u8等进行比较，识别发生更改的节点和控件，并更新您的问题。
我的猜测是选择器节点22将切换到1a，并且可能存在一些静音和/或音量变化。但是，我在 node 处没有看到 ALSA 控件22，因此我不知道如何通过 影响它amixer。
另外，在 中查找Auto-Mute Mode或类似的内容amixer -c0 controls。如果您发现任何东西，请将其禁用（如果有多个组合，请尝试所有组合），然后再次执行整个操作。这样我们就可以找出插入耳机时默认的 ALSA 自动静音代码会尝试执行哪些操作，并找出是否有其他因素影响硬件。
编辑：如果我正确读取 ALSA 源代码，则不是 ALSA 驱动程序切换节点 0x22。所以下一个猜测是，这可能是一些系统管理模式(SMM) 功能在您的笔记本电脑中，但这是一个疯狂的猜测。 （出于好奇，您可以尝试在启动时禁用 SMM 以测试是否是这种情况，但您笔记本电脑的其他功能可能也会停止工作）。
不管怎样，我认为这个节点应该有一个 ALSA 混音器控件，因此用户可以更改设置。请将您的内核升级到最新版本，看看是否有任何变化。如果没有，请向 ALSA 开发人员提交错误，也许他们可以为您的笔记本电脑的驱动程序添加一个“怪癖”（特殊情况）。包括编解码器转储，并尽可能准确地识别您的笔记本电脑。lspci -nm如果他们需要声音设备的子系统 ID，则 或类似的也可能有帮助。
同时，您可以使用hda-verb直接切换Node 0x22。在 Debian 中，它是软件包的一部分alsa-utils（现在显然位于alsa-tools）。作为根，
hda-verb /dev/snd/hwC0D0 0x22 GET_CONNECT_SEL 0
应显示节点 0x22 的选定连接索引（从 0 开始）。它应该是2或6。如果这有效的话，与
hda-verb /dev/snd/hwC0D0 0x22 SET_CONNECT_SEL 2
您可以将节点切换到索引 2（或作为6最后一个参数切换到 6）。验证其内容codec#0是否按预期工作。这应该允许您在插入耳机后使用内置麦克风。