我在系统启动时收到以下错误消息。系统启动需要很长时间，我无法理解它在说什么以及为什么。操作系统最近才安装（3 周前）。以下是 /var/log/dmesg 文件的最后几行。请告诉我是否可以解决。谢谢！
[ 10.049830] type=1505 audit(1295344306.586:13): operation="profile_replace" pid=850 name=/usr/share/gdm/guest-session/Xsession
[ 10.051165] type=1505 audit(1295344306.586:14): operation="profile_replace" pid=851 name=/sbin/dhclient3
[ 10.051744] type=1505 audit(1295344306.586:15): operation="profile_replace" pid=851 name=/usr/lib/NetworkManager/nm-dhcp-client.action
[ 10.052058] type=1505 audit(1295344306.590:16): operation="profile_replace" pid=851 name=/usr/lib/connman/scripts/dhclient-script
[ 10.055205] type=1505 audit(1295344306.590:17): operation="profile_replace" pid=852 name=/usr/bin/evince
[ 10.064843] type=1505 audit(1295344306.602:18): operation="profile_replace" pid=852 name=/usr/bin/evince-previewer
[ 10.070323] type=1505 audit(1295344306.606:19): operation="profile_replace" pid=852 name=/usr/bin/evince-thumbnailer
[ 10.078696] type=1505 audit(1295344306.614:20): operation="profile_replace" pid=854 name=/usr/lib/cups/backend/cups-pdf
[ 10.079377] type=1505 audit(1295344306.614:21): operation="profile_replace" pid=854 name=/usr/sbin/cupsd
[ 10.081306] type=1505 audit(1295344306.618:22): operation="profile_replace" pid=855 name=/usr/sbin/mysqld
[ 19.476007] eth0: no IPv6 routers present
[ 42.816048] ata3: lost interrupt (Status 0x50)
[ 42.816073] ata3.00: exception Emask 0x10 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x4850002 action 0xe frozen
[ 42.816162] ata3: SError: { RecovComm PHYRdyChg CommWake LinkSeq DevExch }
[ 42.816229] ata3.00: cmd c8/00:20:f7:2c:a0/00:00:00:00:00/e2 tag 0 dma 16384 in
[ 42.816230] res 40/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x14 (ATA bus error)
[ 42.816311] ata3.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 42.816337] ata3: hard resetting link
[ 43.700050] ata3: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
[ 43.732364] ata3.00: configured for UDMA/133
[ 43.732371] ata3.00: device reported invalid CHS sector 0
[ 43.732381] ata3: EH complete
[ 74.804023] ata3: lost interrupt (Status 0x50)
[ 74.804049] ata3.00: exception Emask 0x10 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x40d0002 action 0xe frozen
[ 74.804137] ata3: SError: { RecovComm PHYRdyChg CommWake 10B8B DevExch }
[ 74.804217] ata3.00: cmd c8/00:20:9f:a6:a1/00:00:00:00:00/e2 tag 0 dma 16384 in
[ 74.804218] res 40/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x14 (ATA bus error)
[ 74.804296] ata3.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 74.804322] ata3: hard resetting link
[ 75.684548] ata3: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
[ 75.716346] ata3.00: configured for UDMA/133
[ 75.716353] ata3.00: device reported invalid CHS sector 0
[ 75.716363] ata3: EH complete
[ 106.804020] ata3: lost interrupt (Status 0x50)
[ 106.804045] ata3.00: exception Emask 0x10 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x4050002 action 0xe frozen
[ 106.804132] ata3: SError: { RecovComm PHYRdyChg CommWake DevExch }
[ 106.804209] ata3.00: cmd c8/00:18:87:c0:cc/00:00:00:00:00/e1 tag 0 dma 12288 in
[ 106.804210] res 40/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x14 (ATA bus error)
[ 106.804288] ata3.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 106.804313] ata3: hard resetting link
[ 107.684547] ata3: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
[ 107.716346] ata3.00: configured for UDMA/133
[ 107.716352] ata3.00: device reported invalid CHS sector 0
[ 107.716362] ata3: EH complete
[ 138.804019] ata3: lost interrupt (Status 0x50)
[ 138.804043] ata3: limiting SATA link speed to 1.5 Gbps
[ 138.804050] ata3.00: exception Emask 0x10 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x40d0002 action 0xe frozen
[ 138.804137] ata3: SError: { RecovComm PHYRdyChg CommWake 10B8B DevExch }
[ 138.804215] ata3.00: cmd c8/00:10:07:42:aa/00:00:00:00:00/e2 tag 0 dma 8192 in
[ 138.804216] res 40/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x14 (ATA bus error)
[ 138.804294] ata3.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 138.804320] ata3: hard resetting link
[ 139.684548] ata3: SATA link up 1.5 Gbps (SStatus 113 SControl 310)
[ 139.716341] ata3.00: configured for UDMA/133
[ 139.716348] ata3.00: device reported invalid CHS sector 0
[ 139.716358] ata3: EH complete
[ 170.804017] ata3: lost interrupt (Status 0x50)
[ 170.804041] ata3.00: exception Emask 0x10 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x48d0002 action 0xe frozen
[ 170.804129] ata3: SError: { RecovComm PHYRdyChg CommWake 10B8B LinkSeq DevExch }
[ 170.804214] ata3.00: cmd c8/00:20:97:1a:20/00:00:00:00:00/e2 tag 0 dma 16384 in
[ 170.804215] res 40/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x14 (ATA bus error)
[ 170.804293] ata3.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 170.804319] ata3: hard resetting link
[ 171.684548] ata3: SATA link up 1.5 Gbps (SStatus 113 SControl 310)
[ 171.716360] ata3.00: configured for UDMA/133
[ 171.716367] ata3.00: device reported invalid CHS sector 0
[ 171.716377] ata3: EH complete
[ 203.804025] ata3: lost interrupt (Status 0x50)
[ 203.804051] ata3.00: exception Emask 0x10 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x48d0002 action 0xe frozen
[ 203.804141] ata3: SError: { RecovComm PHYRdyChg CommWake 10B8B LinkSeq DevExch }
[ 203.804222] ata3.00: cmd c8/00:08:6f:44:81/00:00:00:00:00/e0 tag 0 dma 4096 in
[ 203.804223] res 40/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x14 (ATA bus error)
[ 203.804302] ata3.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 203.804328] ata3: hard resetting link
[ 204.684051] ata3: SATA link up 1.5 Gbps (SStatus 113 SControl 310)
[ 204.716357] ata3.00: configured for UDMA/133
[ 204.716363] ata3.00: device reported invalid CHS sector 0
[ 204.716373] ata3: EH complete
答案1
这看起来是硬盘错误（由于 ATA 错误）。当我遇到此类错误时，我可以使用以下方法：加载到可启动 CD 并运行
fsck /dev/sda1
这修复了阻止我朋友的系统启动的文件系统问题。
我还会对驱动器运行智能测试，看看是否需要更换。
答案2
我只能猜测问题与硬件有关，因为日志显示与磁盘相关的非常严重的错误。请检查计算机的内部连接。
如果不是，那么你遇到了严重的问题，需要将其报告为错误（但请先检查电缆）。对于此类问题，实际上没有答案，因为如果它是错误，则只需要有人修复它。有关详细信息，请参见此处：