我已经给出了配置文件目录和.sh 文件目录的路径。
我设法用这个路径进行配置：
root@ratan-Inspiron-N5110:/home/hduser/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.0/etc/hadoop# gedit coresite.xml
<configuration>
<!-- In: conf/core-site.xml -->
<property>
<name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
<value>/home/hduser/tmp</value>
<description>A base for other temporary directories.</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>fs.default.name</name>
<value>hdfs://localhost:54310</value>
<description>The name of the default file system. A URI whose
scheme and authority determine the FileSystem implementation. The
uri's scheme determines the config property (fs.SCHEME.impl) naming
the FileSystem implementation class. The uri's authority is used to
determine the host, port, etc. for a filesystem.</description>
</property>
</configuration>
root@ratan-Inspiron-N5110:/home/hduser/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.0/etc/hadoop# gedit mapred-site.xml
<configuration>
<!-- In: conf/mapred-site.xml -->
<property>
<name>mapred.job.tracker</name>
<value>localhost:54311</value>
<description>The host and port that the MapReduce job tracker runs
at. If "local", then jobs are run in-process as a single map
and reduce task.
</description>
</property>
</configuration>
root@ratan-Inspiron-N5110:/home/hduser/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.0/etc/hadoop# gedit hdfs-site.xml
<configuration>
<!-- In: conf/hdfs-site.xml -->
<property>
<name>dfs.replication</name>
<value>1</value>
<description>Default block replication.
The actual number of replications can be specified when the file is created.
The default is used if replication is not specified in create time.
</description>
</property>
</configuration>
我的目录详细信息：
hduser@ratan-Inspiron-N5110:~/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.0/etc$ cd ./hadoop
hduser@ratan-Inspiron-N5110:~/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.0/etc/hadoop$ ls
capacity-scheduler.xml hadoop-policy.xml mapred-queues.xml.template
configuration.xsl hdfs-site.xml mapred-site.xml
container-executor.cfg hdfs-site.xml~ mapred-site.xml~
core-site.xml httpfs-env.sh mapred-site.xml.template
core-site.xml~ httpfs-log4j.properties slaves
hadoop-env.cmd httpfs-signature.secret ssl-client.xml.example
hadoop-env.sh httpfs-site.xml ssl-server.xml.example
hadoop-env.sh~ log4j.properties yarn-env.cmd
hadoop-metrics2.properties mapred-env.cmd yarn-env.sh
hadoop-metrics.properties mapred-env.sh yarn-site.xml
hduser@ratan-Inspiron-N5110:~/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.0/etc/hadoop$ cd ..
hduser@ratan-Inspiron-N5110:~/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.0/etc$ ls
hadoop
hduser@ratan-Inspiron-N5110:~/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.0/etc$ cd ..
hduser@ratan-Inspiron-N5110:~/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.0$ ls
bin etc include lib libexec LICENSE.txt logs NOTICE.txt README.txt sbin share
hduser@ratan-Inspiron-N5110:~/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.0$ cd ./etc
hduser@ratan-Inspiron-N5110:~/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.0/etc$ ls
hadoop
hduser@ratan-Inspiron-N5110:~/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.0/etc$ cd ..
hduser@ratan-Inspiron-N5110:~/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.0$ cd ./sbin
hduser@ratan-Inspiron-N5110:~/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.0/sbin$ ls
distribute-exclude.sh hdfs-config.sh slaves.sh start-dfs.cmd start-yarn.sh stop-dfs.cmd stop-yarn.sh
hadoop-daemon.sh httpfs.sh start-all.cmd start-dfs.sh
stop-all.cmd stop-dfs.sh yarn-daemon.sh
hadoop-daemons.sh mr-jobhistory-daemon.sh start-all.sh start-secure-dns.sh stop-all.sh stop-secure-dns.sh yarn-daemons.sh
hdfs-config.cmd refresh-namenodes.sh start-balancer.sh start-yarn.cmd stop-balancer.sh stop-yarn.cmd
当我启动守护进程时：
hduser@ratan-Inspiron-N5110:~/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.0/sbin$ ls
distribute-exclude.sh start-all.cmd stop-all.sh
hadoop-daemon.sh start-all.sh stop-balancer.sh
hadoop-daemons.sh start-balancer.sh stop-dfs.cmd
hdfs-config.cmd start-dfs.cmd stop-dfs.sh
hdfs-config.sh start-dfs.sh stop-secure-dns.sh
httpfs.sh start-secure-dns.sh stop-yarn.cmd
mr-jobhistory-daemon.sh start-yarn.cmd stop-yarn.sh
refresh-namenodes.sh start-yarn.sh yarn-daemon.sh
slaves.sh stop-all.cmd yarn-daemons.sh
hduser@ratan-Inspiron-N5110:~/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.0/sbin$ ./start-all.sh
This script is Deprecated. Instead use start-dfs.sh and start-yarn.sh
Starting namenodes on [localhost]
localhost: starting namenode, logging to /home/hduser/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.0/logs/hadoop-hduser-namenode-ratan-Inspiron-N5110.out
localhost: starting datanode, logging to /home/hduser/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.0/logs/hadoop-hduser-datanode-ratan-Inspiron-N5110.out
Starting secondary namenodes [0.0.0.0]
0.0.0.0: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /home/hduser/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.0/logs/hadoop-hduser-secondarynamenode-ratan-Inspiron-N5110.out
starting yarn daemons
starting resourcemanager, logging to /home/hduser/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.0/logs/yarn-hduser-resourcemanager-ratan-Inspiron-N5110.out
localhost: starting nodemanager, logging to /home/hduser/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.0/logs/yarn-hduser-nodemanager-ratan-Inspiron-N5110.out
hduser@ratan-Inspiron-N5110:~/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.0/sbin$ jps
1441 DataNode
1608 SecondaryNameNode
1912 NodeManager
2448 Jps
1775 ResourceManager
hduser@ratan-Inspiron-N5110:~/hadoop/hadoop-2.4.0/sbin$
问题是我找不到需要格式化的名称节点。当我运行守护进程时，名称节点无处可见。我哪里做错了？
答案1
检查此日志文件：
Hadoop-hduser-namenode-ratan-Inspiron-N5110.log
如果提示 namenode 未格式化，请格式化它
bin/hadoop namenode-格式
答案2
检查存储目录是否存在，如果是，请检查权限并格式化名称节点，然后重新启动 dfs。它将起作用。
谢谢