我在更新软件包时遇到了问题，并且 au.archive.ubuntu.com 出现了 404 错误。
我现在似乎已经解决了，但是我现在遇到了这个问题；
llibke@libke:~$ sudo apt-get -f install smartmontools
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
acl at-spi2-core colord dconf-gsettings-backend dconf-service enchant
fontconfig fontconfig-config fonts-dejavu-core gedit-common gir1.2-atk-1.0
gir1.2-freedesktop gir1.2-gdkpixbuf-2.0 gir1.2-gtk-3.0 gir1.2-gtksource-3.0
gir1.2-pango-1.0 gir1.2-peas-1.0 glib-networking glib-networking-common
glib-networking-services gnome-user-guide gsettings-desktop-schemas
gstreamer1.0-plugins-base gstreamer1.0-plugins-good gstreamer1.0-x
hicolor-icon-theme hunspell-en-us libaa1 libatk-bridge2.0-0 libatk1.0-0
libatk1.0-data libatspi2.0-0 libavc1394-0 libcaca0 libcairo-gobject2
libcairo2 libcanberra-gtk3-0 libcanberra-gtk3-module libcanberra0
libcdparanoia0 libcolord1 libcolorhug1 libdatrie1 libdconf1 libdee-1.0-4
libdrm-intel1 libdrm-nouveau2 libdrm-radeon1 libdv4 libenchant1c2a libexif12
libflac8 libfontconfig1 libgd3 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-common
libgeoclue0 libgl1-mesa-dri libgl1-mesa-glx libglapi-mesa libglu1-mesa
libgphoto2-6 libgphoto2-l10n libgphoto2-port10 libgraphite2-3
libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0 libgstreamer-plugins-good1.0-0
libgstreamer1.0-0 libgtk-3-0 libgtk-3-bin libgtk-3-common
libgtksourceview-3.0-1 libgtksourceview-3.0-common libgudev-1.0-0 libgusb2
libharfbuzz-icu0 libharfbuzz0b libhunspell-1.3-0 libice6 libicu52
libiec61883-0 libieee1284-3 libjack-jackd2-0 libjasper1
libjavascriptcoregtk-3.0-0 libjbig0 libjpeg-turbo8 libjpeg8
libjson-glib-1.0-0 libjson-glib-1.0-common liblcms2-2 libllvm3.4 libnotify4
libogg0 liborc-0.4-0 libpango-1.0-0 libpangocairo-1.0-0 libpangoft2-1.0-0
libpangoxft-1.0-0 libpciaccess0 libpeas-1.0-0 libpeas-common libpixman-1-0
libproxy1 libpython3.4 libraw1394-11 libsane libsane-common libsecret-1-0
libsecret-common libshout3 libsm6 libsoup2.4-1 libspeex1 libtag1-vanilla
libtag1c2a libtelepathy-glib0 libthai-data libthai0 libtheora0 libtiff5
libtxc-dxtn-s2tc0 libv4l-0 libv4lconvert0 libvisual-0.4-0
libvisual-0.4-plugins libvorbis0a libvorbisenc2 libvorbisfile3 libvpx1
libwavpack1 libwayland-client0 libwayland-cursor0 libwebkitgtk-3.0-0
libwebkitgtk-3.0-common libwebp5 libx11-xcb1 libxcb-dri2-0 libxcb-dri3-0
libxcb-glx0 libxcb-present0 libxcb-render0 libxcb-shm0 libxcb-sync1
libxcomposite1 libxcursor1 libxdamage1 libxfixes3 libxft2 libxi6
libxinerama1 libxkbcommon0 libxpm4 libxrandr2 libxrender1 libxshmfence1
libxslt1.1 libxt6 libxtst6 libxv1 libxxf86vm1 libyelp0 libzeitgeist-2.0-0
linux-headers-3.13.0-45 linux-headers-3.13.0-45-generic
linux-headers-3.13.0-46 linux-headers-3.13.0-46-generic
linux-headers-3.13.0-48 linux-headers-3.13.0-48-generic
linux-headers-3.13.0-49 linux-headers-3.13.0-49-generic
linux-headers-3.13.0-51 linux-headers-3.13.0-51-generic
linux-headers-3.13.0-52 linux-headers-3.13.0-52-generic
linux-headers-3.13.0-53 linux-headers-3.13.0-53-generic
linux-headers-3.13.0-54 linux-headers-3.13.0-54-generic
linux-headers-3.13.0-55 linux-headers-3.13.0-55-generic
linux-headers-3.13.0-57 linux-headers-3.13.0-57-generic
linux-headers-3.13.0-58 linux-headers-3.13.0-58-generic
linux-headers-3.13.0-59 linux-headers-3.13.0-59-generic
linux-headers-3.13.0-61 linux-headers-3.13.0-61-generic
linux-headers-3.13.0-62 linux-headers-3.13.0-62-generic
linux-headers-3.13.0-65 linux-headers-3.13.0-65-generic
linux-headers-3.13.0-66 linux-headers-3.13.0-66-generic
linux-image-3.13.0-45-generic linux-image-3.13.0-46-generic
linux-image-3.13.0-48-generic linux-image-3.13.0-49-generic
linux-image-3.13.0-51-generic linux-image-3.13.0-52-generic
linux-image-3.13.0-53-generic linux-image-3.13.0-54-generic
linux-image-3.13.0-55-generic linux-image-3.13.0-57-generic
linux-image-3.13.0-58-generic linux-image-3.13.0-59-generic
linux-image-3.13.0-61-generic linux-image-3.13.0-62-generic
linux-image-extra-3.13.0-45-generic linux-image-extra-3.13.0-46-generic
linux-image-extra-3.13.0-48-generic linux-image-extra-3.13.0-49-generic
linux-image-extra-3.13.0-51-generic linux-image-extra-3.13.0-52-generic
linux-image-extra-3.13.0-53-generic linux-image-extra-3.13.0-54-generic
linux-image-extra-3.13.0-55-generic linux-image-extra-3.13.0-57-generic
linux-image-extra-3.13.0-58-generic linux-image-extra-3.13.0-59-generic
linux-image-extra-3.13.0-61-generic linux-image-extra-3.13.0-62-generic
notification-daemon python-cairo python-dbus python-dbus-dev python-gi
python-gi-cairo python-gobject python-gobject-2 python-zeitgeist
sound-theme-freedesktop x11-common yelp yelp-xsl zeitgeist zeitgeist-core
zeitgeist-datahub zenity zenity-common
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
The following extra packages will be installed:
heirloom-mailx
Suggested packages:
gsmartcontrol smart-notifier
Recommended packages:
mailx mailutils
The following packages will be REMOVED:
linux-image-extra-3.13.0-76-generic
The following NEW packages will be installed:
heirloom-mailx smartmontools
0 to upgrade, 2 to newly install, 1 to remove and 272 not to upgrade.
5 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 0 B/664 kB of archives.
After this operation, 150 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
(Reading database ... 579763 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing linux-image-extra-3.13.0-76-generic (3.13.0-76.120) ...
depmod: FATAL: could not load /boot/System.map-3.13.0-76-generic: No such file or directory
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal 3.13.0-76-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-76-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 3.13.0-76-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-76-generic
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-76-generic
grep: /boot/config-3.13.0-76-generic: No such file or directory
W: mdadm: /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf defines no arrays.
depmod: WARNING: could not open /tmp/mkinitramfs_nzqd2J/lib/modules/3.13.0-76-generic/modules.order: No such file or directory
depmod: WARNING: could not open /tmp/mkinitramfs_nzqd2J/lib/modules/3.13.0-76-generic/modules.builtin: No such file or directory
gzip: stdout: No space left on device
E: mkinitramfs failure cpio 141 gzip 1
update-initramfs: failed for /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-76-generic with 1.
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools exited with return code 1
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-extra-3.13.0-76-generic (--remove):
subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
linux-image-extra-3.13.0-76-generic
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
我试过了，sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade但无济于事。我才刚刚开始学习 Linux，有点迷茫，希望得到帮助。
最终目标，实际上能够安装新的软件包，例如smartmontools。
第2部分：
rc linux-image-3.13.0-45-generic 3.13.0-45.74 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.13.0-46-generic 3.13.0-46.79 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.13.0-48-generic 3.13.0-48.80 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.13.0-49-generic 3.13.0-49.83 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.13.0-51-generic 3.13.0-51.84 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.13.0-52-generic 3.13.0-52.86 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.13.0-53-generic 3.13.0-53.89 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.13.0-54-generic 3.13.0-54.91 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.13.0-55-generic 3.13.0-55.94 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.13.0-57-generic 3.13.0-57.95 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.13.0-58-generic 3.13.0-58.97 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.13.0-59-generic 3.13.0-59.98 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.13.0-61-generic 3.13.0-61.100 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.13.0-62-generic 3.13.0-62.102 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-3.13.0-63-generic 3.13.0-63.103 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-45-generic 3.13.0-45.74 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-46-generic 3.13.0-46.79 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-48-generic 3.13.0-48.80 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-49-generic 3.13.0-49.83 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-51-generic 3.13.0-51.84 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-52-generic 3.13.0-52.86 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-53-generic 3.13.0-53.89 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-54-generic 3.13.0-54.91 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-55-generic 3.13.0-55.94 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-57-generic 3.13.0-57.95 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-58-generic 3.13.0-58.97 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-59-generic 3.13.0-59.98 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-61-generic 3.13.0-61.100 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-62-generic 3.13.0-62.102 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-extra-3.13.0-63-generic 3.13.0-63.103 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-65-generic 3.13.0-65.105 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-66-generic 3.13.0-66.108 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-76-generic 3.13.0-76.120 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
第 3 部分
ii linux-image-3.13.0-63-generic 3.13.0-63.103 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-45-generic 3.13.0-45.74 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-46-generic 3.13.0-46.79 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-48-generic 3.13.0-48.80 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-49-generic 3.13.0-49.83 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-51-generic 3.13.0-51.84 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-52-generic 3.13.0-52.86 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-53-generic 3.13.0-53.89 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-54-generic 3.13.0-54.91 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-55-generic 3.13.0-55.94 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-57-generic 3.13.0-57.95 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-58-generic 3.13.0-58.97 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-59-generic 3.13.0-59.98 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-61-generic 3.13.0-61.100 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-62-generic 3.13.0-62.102 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-extra-3.13.0-63-generic 3.13.0-63.103 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-65-generic 3.13.0-65.105 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-66-generic 3.13.0-66.108 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-76-generic 3.13.0-76.120 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
答案1
首先，你的系统中有很多未使用的软件包和依赖项，还有旧的 Linux 映像和头文件。因此，首先尝试
sudo apt-get autoremove
我认为这可以暂时解决你的问题。
更新
当我发布最后一个答案时，我有点着急，很高兴看到这对你有帮助，但看到你最后一篇帖子的输出，我不认为这/boot完全释放了分区，因为有很多旧内核占用了至少 1 GB 的空间，并且autoremove不会清理它们。所以在你的终端中输入
dpkg --list | grep linux-image
并查找类似的条目linux-image-x.xx.x-xx-generic，如果有多个条目，则逐个清除旧条目，保留最新的条目，如下所示...
sudo apt-get purge linux-image-x.xx.x-xx-generic
小心操作，不要删除最新的内核。