我在使用 14.04 版 Ubuntu Gnome 时遇到了一些问题。几个星期以来，我都无法运行更新，每次尝试更新时，系统都会显示“请检查您的互联网连接”的响应。我在这里找到了很多解决方案，但对我来说都不起作用。因此，我今天早上使用可启动 USB 升级到 16.04，我选择了升级而不是清理硬盘。在较新的版本上，我确实尝试更新它，但现在出现了这个错误...
sudo apt-get update
E: Malformed entry 63 in list file /etc/apt/sources.list (Component)
E: The list of sources could not be read.
当我运行以下命令时，我得到了这个输出
find /etc/apt/ -name '*.list' -exec bash -c 'echo -e "\n$1\n"; cat -n "$1"' _ '{}' \;
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/staticfloat-ubuntu-julia-deps-xenial.list
1 deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/staticfloat/julia-deps/ubuntu xenial main
2 # deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/staticfloat/julia-deps/ubuntu xenial main
/etc/apt/sources.list
1 # deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-GNOME 16.04.1 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160720)]/ xenial main multiverse restricted universe
2 # deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-GNOME 14.04 LTS _Trusty Tahr_ - Release i386 (20140416.2)]/ trusty main multiverse restricted universe
3
4 # See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
5 # newer versions of the distribution.
6 deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
7 deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
8
9 ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
10 ## distribution.
11 deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
12 deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
13
14 ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
15 ## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
16 ## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
17 deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
18 deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
19 deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
20 deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
21
22 ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
23 ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
24 ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
25 ## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
26 ## security team.
27 deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
28 deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
29 deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
30 deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
31
32 ## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
33 ## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
34 ## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
35 ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
36 ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
37 deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
38 deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
39
40 deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
41 deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
42 deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
43 deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
44 deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse
45 deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse
46
47 ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
48 ## 'partner' repository.
49 ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
50 ## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
51 deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
52 deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
53
54 ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by third-party
55 ## developers who want to ship their latest software.
56 deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main
57 deb http://archive.canonical.com/ xenial partner
58 # deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ trusty partner
59 deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main
60 deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/whatsapp-purple/ppa/ubuntu xenial main
61 # deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/whatsapp-purple/ppa/ubuntu trusty main
62 # deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty universe
63 deb http://star-www.st-andrews.ac.uk/cran/bin/linux/ubuntu xenial
64 # deb-src http://star-www.st-andrews.ac.uk/cran/bin/linux/ubuntu trusty/
65
66 # See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
67 # newer versions of the distribution.
68 # deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
69
70 ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
71 ## distribution.
72 # deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
73
74 ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
75 ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
76 ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
77 ## universe WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu security
78 ## team.
79 # deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
80 # deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
81
82 ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
83 ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
84 ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
85 ## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
86 ## security team.
87 # deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
88 # deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
89
90 ## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
91 ## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
92 ## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
93 ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
94 ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
95 # deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
96
97 ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
98 ## 'partner' repository.
99 ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
100 ## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
101 # deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
102 # deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
103
104 deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
105 # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
106 deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
107 # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
108 deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse
109 # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse
您能否建议如何解决这些问题？
答案1
值得关注的是：
63 deb http://star-www.st-andrews.ac.uk/cran/bin/linux/ubuntu xenial
64 # deb-src http://star-www.st-andrews.ac.uk/cran/bin/linux/ubuntu trusty/
正如错误所言，你缺少一个组件（main其他universe存储库的 、 等）。但是，CRAN 镜像没有组件，而是使用一个简单的仓库，因此您需要/在其中添加一条尾随行，例如以下trusty行：
deb http://star-www.st-andrews.ac.uk/cran/bin/linux/ubuntu xenial/
答案2
更正文件中的错误条目/etc/apt/sources.list。
打开终端并执行以下命令：
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
删除/etc/apt/sources.list文件中的第 63 行和 64 行。
按Ctrl+X关闭文件，用 确认更改Y。
现在将存储库重新添加到软件源：
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/star-st-andrews.list
将以下行（条目）添加到空文件：
deb http://www-star.st-and.ac.uk/cran/bin/linux/ubuntu/ xenial/
# deb-src http://www-star.st-and.ac.uk/cran/bin/linux/ubuntu/ xenial/
按Ctrl+X关闭文件，用 确认更改Y。
参考：CRAN 存储库
如果在更新软件源时仍然收到错误消息，则应检查/etc/apt/sources.list文件和/etc/apt/sources.list.d文件夹中是否存在其他错误条目。通常建议在升级系统之前删除外部源。升级后重新添加源，这样就可以在正确的位置添加正确的条目。
笔记：在较新的 Ubuntu 版本中，该/etc/apt/sources.list文件用于 Ubuntu 源。
所有外部软件源都以.list文件形式驻留在文件夹中/etc/apt/sources.list.d。