我正在尝试安装 mint-meta-mate，它是 11.10 - 32 位上的 Gnome 2 fork
通过 aptitude 我得到了这个：
The following NEW packages will be installed:
caja{a} cowsay{a} fortune-mod{a} fortunes-husse{a} fortunes-min{a}
gir1.2-mate-menus{a} gtk2-engines-aurora{a} gtk2-engines-candido{a}
intltool{a} libart-2.0-dev{a} libcaja-extension{a} libgail-dev{a}
libmate{a} libmatecanvas{a} libmatecomponent{a} libmatecomponentui{a}
libmatedesktop{a} libmatekbd{a} libmatekeyring{a} libmatenotify{a}
libmatepanelapplet{a} libmateui{a} libmateweather{a} librecode0{a}
libtasn1-3-bin{a} libtasn1-3-dev{a} mate-backgrounds{a} mate-common{a}
mate-conf{a} mate-conf-common{a} mate-conf-editor{a}
mate-control-center{a} mate-corba{a} mate-desktop{a} mate-dialogs{a}
mate-doc-utils{a} mate-file-manager{a} mate-icon-theme{a} mate-keyring{a}
mate-media{a} mate-menus{a} mate-mime-data{a} mate-notification-daemon{a}
mate-panel{a} mate-panel-common{a} mate-polkit{a} mate-session-manager{a}
mate-settings-daemon{a} mate-terminal{a} mate-utils{a} mate-vfs{a}
mate-window-manager{a} mint-artwork-common{a} mint-artwork-gnome{a}
mint-artwork-mate{a} mint-backgrounds-lisa{a} mint-common{a}
mint-info-fluxbox{a} mint-meta-mate mint-translations{a} mint-x-icons{a}
mint-x-theme{a} mint-z-theme{a} mintdesktop{a} mintmenu{a} mintsystem{a}
python-corba{a} python-mate{a} python-mate-desktop{a} python-mate-menu{a}
The following packages will be upgraded:
libgail-common libgail18 libgtk2.0-0 libgtk2.0-dev
4 packages upgraded, 70 newly installed, 0 to remove and 34 not upgraded.
Need to get 114 MB of archives. After unpacking 315 MB will be used.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
gtk2-engines-pixbuf: Depends: libgtk2.0-0 (= 2.24.6-0ubuntu5) but 2.24.6-0ubuntu5linuxmint1 is to be installed.
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:
Remove the following packages:
1) gnome-themes
2) gnome-themes-selected
3) gnome-themes-ubuntu
4) gtk2-engines-pixbuf
5) openshot
6) ubuntustudio-video
Keep the following packages at their current version:
7) mint-artwork-gnome [Not Installed]
8) mint-artwork-mate [Not Installed]
9) mint-meta-mate [Not Installed]
Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?]
使用 apt-get 命令：
The following extra packages will be installed:
caja cowsay fortune-mod fortunes-husse fortunes-min gir1.2-mate-menus
gtk2-engines-aurora gtk2-engines-candido gtk2-engines-pixbuf intltool
libart-2.0-dev libcaja-extension libgail-common libgail-dev libgail18
libgtk2.0-0 libgtk2.0-dev libmate libmatecanvas libmatecomponent
libmatecomponentui libmatedesktop libmatekbd libmatekeyring libmatenotify
libmatepanelapplet libmateui libmateweather librecode0 libtasn1-3-bin
libtasn1-3-dev mate-backgrounds mate-common mate-conf mate-conf-common
mate-conf-editor mate-control-center mate-corba mate-desktop mate-dialogs
mate-doc-utils mate-file-manager mate-icon-theme mate-keyring mate-media
mate-menus mate-mime-data mate-notification-daemon mate-panel
mate-panel-common mate-polkit mate-session-manager mate-settings-daemon
mate-terminal mate-utils mate-vfs mate-window-manager mint-artwork-common
mint-artwork-gnome mint-artwork-mate mint-backgrounds-lisa mint-common
mint-info-fluxbox mint-translations mint-x-icons mint-x-theme mint-z-theme
mintdesktop mintmenu mintsystem python-corba python-mate python-mate-desktop
python-mate-menu
Suggested packages:
filters fortunes libgail-doc libgtk2.0-doc mate-doc-utils-gnome
The following NEW packages will be installed:
caja cowsay fortune-mod fortunes-husse fortunes-min gir1.2-mate-menus
gtk2-engines-aurora gtk2-engines-candido intltool libart-2.0-dev
libcaja-extension libgail-dev libmate libmatecanvas libmatecomponent
libmatecomponentui libmatedesktop libmatekbd libmatekeyring libmatenotify
libmatepanelapplet libmateui libmateweather librecode0 libtasn1-3-bin
libtasn1-3-dev mate-backgrounds mate-common mate-conf mate-conf-common
mate-conf-editor mate-control-center mate-corba mate-desktop mate-dialogs
mate-doc-utils mate-file-manager mate-icon-theme mate-keyring mate-media
mate-menus mate-mime-data mate-notification-daemon mate-panel
mate-panel-common mate-polkit mate-session-manager mate-settings-daemon
mate-terminal mate-utils mate-vfs mate-window-manager mint-artwork-common
mint-artwork-gnome mint-artwork-mate mint-backgrounds-lisa mint-common
mint-info-fluxbox mint-meta-mate mint-translations mint-x-icons mint-x-theme
mint-z-theme mintdesktop mintmenu mintsystem python-corba python-mate
python-mate-desktop python-mate-menu
The following packages will be upgraded:
gtk2-engines-pixbuf libgail-common libgail18 libgtk2.0-0 libgtk2.0-dev
5 upgraded, 70 newly installed, 0 to remove and 33 not upgraded.
Need to get 115 MB of archives.
After this operation, 315 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]?
为什么 aptitude 想要删除一些软件包，比如 openshot？这对我来说毫无意义。
答案1
aptitude 和 apt-get 都不想删除任何软件包：
4 packages upgraded, 70 newly installed, 0 to remove and 34 not upgraded.
和
5 upgraded, 70 newly installed, 0 to remove and 33 not upgraded.
apt-get 似乎在树中还有一个更新。但是，系统会警告您系统中存在一些未满足的依赖项，可能需要您注意。
要修复依赖关系，请仔细阅读输出
sudo apt-get -f install
然后 apt 也会向您显示解决方案。您应该查看是否需要这些软件包，并根据需要重新安装任何损坏的依赖项，或者删除它们或重新安装，这也会安装它们所依赖的软件包。
答案2
冲突的原因在输出中非常清楚
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
gtk2-engines-pixbuf: Depends: libgtk2.0-0 (= 2.24.6-0ubuntu5) but 2.24.6-0ubuntu5linuxmint1 is to be installed
如果你说不多次运行 aptitude，它最终应该会找到不涉及删除的解决方案。毕竟，apt-get 做到了。