我发现自己处于一个相当独特的情况。我几乎读完了所有我能找到的关于此事的资料，虽然这些资料帮助我了解了一些背景知识，但我还没有找到解决办法。所以我在这里问。
我原本的电脑上只安装了 Windows 7 64 位操作系统。了解到在 64 位系统中无法使用 Apache、PHP 和 MySql 后，我做了一些研究，发现我可以使用 Ubuntu。我安装了最新版本：11.04。
我制作了一张 CD 来安装 Ubuntu，安装过程非常顺利。我将其与 Windows 7 并排安装。我可以通过双启动选项顺利启动 Ubuntu。
但是，当我重新启动以加载 Windows 时，Grub2 列表显示 Windows 7（加载器），当我选择此选项时，将加载 Windows 系统恢复而不是实际操作系统。我没有完成那里，因为我不知道该怎么做。我只是关闭了计算机并重新启动到 Ubuntu。在过去的一个半小时里，我一直在努力弄清楚如何启动 Windows 7 操作系统，但我一点头绪都没有。
虽然我对 Windows 7 比较熟悉，但对 Ubuntu 却完全陌生，所以如果您知道需要做什么，请尽量简单易懂，以便我能够理解。提前感谢您的帮助。
以下是使用启动信息脚本后的结果：启动信息脚本 0.55，发布日期：2010 年 2 月 15 日
============================= Boot Info Summary: ==============================
=> Grub 2 is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda and looks on the same drive in
partition #5 for cbh.
=> Windows is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdb
=> Grub 2 is installed in the MBR of /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif and looks on
the same drive in partition #5 for cbh.
sda1: _________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Mounting failed:
fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy
fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy
sda2: _________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Mounting failed:
fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy
fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy
fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy
fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy
sda3: _________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Mounting failed:
fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy
fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy
fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy
fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy
fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy
fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy
sdb1: _________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files/dirs: /bootmgr /Boot/BCD
sdb2: _________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files/dirs:
sdb3: _________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files/dirs: /bootmgr /boot/BCD
sdb4: _________________________________________________________________________
File system: Extended Partition
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
sdb5: _________________________________________________________________________
File system: ext4
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
Operating System: Ubuntu 11.04
Boot files/dirs: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab /boot/grub/core.img
sdb6: _________________________________________________________________________
File system: swap
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
pdc_bdadcfbdif1: _________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files/dirs: /bootmgr /Boot/BCD
pdc_bdadcfbdif2: _________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System: Windows 7
Boot files/dirs: /bootmgr /Boot/BCD /Windows/System32/winload.exe
pdc_bdadcfbdif3: _________________________________________________________________________
File system:
Boot sector type: Unknown
Boot sector info:
Mounting failed:
fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy
fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy
fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy
fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy
fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy
fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy
mount: unknown filesystem type ''
=========================== Drive/Partition Info: =============================
Drive: sda ___________________ _____________________________________________________
Disk /dev/sda: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders, total 1465149168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Partition Boot Start End Size Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2,048 206,847 204,800 7 HPFS/NTFS
/dev/sda2 206,911 1,440,372,735 1,440,165,825 7 HPFS/NTFS
/dev/sda3 1,440,372,736 1,464,856,575 24,483,840 7 HPFS/NTFS
Drive: sdb ___________________ _____________________________________________________
Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Partition Boot Start End Size Id System
/dev/sdb1 * 2,048 206,847 204,800 7 HPFS/NTFS
/dev/sdb2 206,911 1,342,554,688 1,342,347,778 7 HPFS/NTFS
/dev/sdb3 1,930,344,448 1,953,521,663 23,177,216 7 HPFS/NTFS
/dev/sdb4 1,342,556,158 1,930,344,447 587,788,290 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 1,342,556,160 1,896,806,399 554,250,240 83 Linux
/dev/sdb6 1,896,808,448 1,930,344,447 33,536,000 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Drive: pdc_bdadcfbdif ___________________ _____________________________________________________
Disk /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif: 750.0 GB, 749999947776 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91182 cylinders, total 1464843648 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Partition Boot Start End Size Id System
/dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif1 * 2,048 206,847 204,800 7 HPFS/NTFS
/dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif2 206,911 1,440,372,735 1,440,165,825 7 HPFS/NTFS
/dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif3 1,440,372,736 1,464,856,575 24,483,840 7 HPFS/NTFS
/dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif3 ends after the last sector of /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif
blkid -c /dev/null: ____________________________________________________________
Device UUID TYPE LABEL
/dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif1 888E54CC8E54B482 ntfs SYSTEM
/dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif2 C2766BF6766BEA1D ntfs OS
/dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif: PTTYPE="dos"
/dev/sda1 888E54CC8E54B482 ntfs SYSTEM
/dev/sda2 C2766BF6766BEA1D ntfs OS
/dev/sda3 BE6CA31D6CA2CF87 ntfs HP_RECOVERY
/dev/sda promise_fasttrack_raid_member
/dev/sdb1 20B65685B6565B7C ntfs SYSTEM
/dev/sdb2 B4467A314679F508 ntfs HP
/dev/sdb3 6E10B7A410B77227 ntfs FACTORY_IMAGE
/dev/sdb4: PTTYPE="dos"
/dev/sdb5 266f9801-cf4f-4acc-affa-2092be035f0c ext4
/dev/sdb6 1df35749-a887-45ff-a3de-edd52239847d swap
/dev/sdb: PTTYPE="dos"
error: /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif3: No such file or directory
error: /dev/sdc: No medium found
error: /dev/sdd: No medium found
error: /dev/sde: No medium found
error: /dev/sdf: No medium found
error: /dev/sdg: No medium found
============================ "mount | grep ^/dev output: ===========================
Device Mount_Point Type Options
/dev/sdb5 / ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro,commit=0)
=========================== sdb5/boot/grub/grub.cfg: ===========================
#
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#
# It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
#
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then
set have_grubenv=true
load_env
fi
set default="0"
if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then
set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}"
save_env saved_entry
set prev_saved_entry=
save_env prev_saved_entry
set boot_once=true
fi
function savedefault {
if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then
saved_entry="${chosen}"
save_env saved_entry
fi
}
function recordfail {
set recordfail=1
if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi
}
function load_video {
insmod vbe
insmod vga
insmod video_bochs
insmod video_cirrus
}
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='(/dev/sdb,msdos5)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 266f9801-cf4f-4acc-affa-2092be035f0c
if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then
set gfxmode=auto
load_video
insmod gfxterm
fi
terminal_output gfxterm
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='(/dev/sdb,msdos5)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 266f9801-cf4f-4acc-affa-2092be035f0c
set locale_dir=($root)/boot/grub/locale
set lang=en_US
insmod gettext
if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ]; then
set timeout=-1
else
set timeout=10
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
set menu_color_normal=white/black
set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray
if background_color 44,0,30; then
clear
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
if [ ${recordfail} != 1 ]; then
if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then
if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then
if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then
set linux_gfx_mode=keep
else
set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
else
set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
else
set linux_gfx_mode=keep
fi
else
set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
export linux_gfx_mode
if [ "$linux_gfx_mode" != "text" ]; then load_video; fi
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.38-8-generic-pae' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
recordfail
set gfxpayload=$linux_gfx_mode
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='(/dev/sdb,msdos5)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 266f9801-cf4f-4acc-affa-2092be035f0c
linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-8-generic-pae root=UUID=266f9801-cf4f-4acc- affa-2092be035f0c ro quiet splash vt.handoff=7
initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-8-generic-pae
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.38-8-generic-pae (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
recordfail
set gfxpayload=$linux_gfx_mode
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='(/dev/sdb,msdos5)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 266f9801-cf4f-4acc-affa-2092be035f0c
echo 'Loading Linux 2.6.38-8-generic-pae ...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-8-generic-pae root=UUID=266f9801-cf4f-4acc-affa-2092be035f0c ro single
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-8-generic-pae
}
### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" {
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='(/dev/sdb,msdos5)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 266f9801-cf4f-4acc-affa-2092be035f0c
linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin
}
menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" {
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='(/dev/sdb,msdos5)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 266f9801-cf4f-4acc-affa-2092be035f0c
linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8
}
### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
menuentry "Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sdb1)" --class windows --class os {
insmod part_msdos
insmod ntfs
set root='(/dev/sdb,msdos1)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 20B65685B6565B7C
chainloader +1
}
menuentry "Windows Recovery Environment (loader) (on /dev/sdb3)" --class windows --class os {
insmod part_msdos
insmod ntfs
set root='(/dev/sdb,msdos3)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 6E10B7A410B77227
drivemap -s (hd0) ${root}
chainloader +1
}
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
if [ -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then
source $prefix/custom.cfg;
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
=============================== sdb5/etc/fstab: ===============================
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid -o value -s UUID' to print the universally unique identifier
# for a device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name
# devices that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0
# / was on /dev/sdb5 during installation
UUID=266f9801-cf4f-4acc-affa-2092be035f0c / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
# swap was on /dev/sdb6 during installation
UUID=1df35749-a887-45ff-a3de-edd52239847d none swap sw 0 0
=================== sdb5: Location of files loaded by Grub: ===================
900.1GB: boot/grub/core.img
825.0GB: boot/grub/grub.cfg
688.7GB: boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-8-generic-pae
688.0GB: boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-8-generic-pae
688.7GB: initrd.img
688.0GB: vmlinuz
=========================== Unknown MBRs/Boot Sectors/etc =======================
Unknown BootLoader on pdc_bdadcfbdif3
=======Devices which don't seem to have a corresponding hard drive==============
sdc sdd sde sdf sdg
=============================== StdErr Messages: ===============================
ERROR: dos: partition address past end of RAID device
hexdump: /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif3: No such file or directory
hexdump: /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif3: No such file or directory
ERROR: dos: partition address past end of RAID device
答案1
Ubuntu 安装程序可能自动检测到恢复分区并设置 GRUB（引导加载程序）以启动该分区而不是正确的 Windows 分区。
首先尝试这样做sudo os-prober; sudo update-grub，看看这是否没有在 GRUB 中为您放入正确的条目。如果没有，您需要编辑 GRUB 配置以指向正确的分区。
首先我们要弄清楚 Windows 安装在哪个分区上。执行此操作sudo fdisk -l（不用担心，这是一个安全的操作；它只会列出您的磁盘和分区），然后您应该会看到一个分区条目列表，格式如下：
/dev/sda3 * 1 6374 51199123+ 7 HPFS/NTFS
注意所有分区的设备路径，这些分区的类型为“HPFS/NTFS”或“MS-DOS”或类似的。大概您将看到磁盘起始处有一个较小的 NTFS 分区，其他地方有一个较大的 NTFS 分区。较小的分区是您的恢复分区，较大的分区是您的 Windows 实例本身。记下较大的分区的设备路径。
现在我们需要知道文件系统的 UUID，我们将把它提供给 GRUB 以帮助它找到它。说出sudo blkid并找到与您上面记下的分区相对应的条目。注意后面引号中的值UUID=。
现在使用您选择的编辑器打开/etc/grub.d/40_custom.sudo nano -w /etc/grub.d/40_custom就可以了。在此文件的末尾添加以下内容：
menuentry "Windows 7" {
insmod part_msdos
insmod ntfs
set root='(hd0,msdos1)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set UUID-GOES-HERE
chainloader +1
}
这里有两点需要替换。我写的地方用UUID-GOES-HERE你上面记下的 UUID 替换（没有引号）。我写的地方用msdos1你之前记下的分区号替换 1（sda6将是msdos6等）。
保存此文件并执行sudo update-grub，然后重新启动。尝试新的菜单项。应该可以工作。
答案2
我也遇到了同样的问题。我的笔记本电脑上安装了 Windows 7，我决定也试试 Ubuntu。所以我新建了一个分区，将 15 GB 的硬盘空间分配给它，并在新分区上安装了 Ubuntu。一切顺利，安装向导重新启动了系统，GRUB 在其菜单上加载了 Ubuntu 和 Windows 7。
我可以加载 Windows 7，但当我选择 Ubuntu 时，我得到的只是一个黑屏。我搜索了网络并尝试了几乎所有我能找到的方法，但问题仍然存在。所以我决定格式化 Ubuntu 分区并重新安装 Ubuntu。在寻找解决方案的过程中，我注意到在哪里安装 GRUB 很重要。
最初我选择将 GRUB 安装在 Ubuntu 的同一分区上（我的情况是 sda8），这就是问题所在。安装 GRUB 时，指定要安装 GRUB 的硬盘（而不是分区）非常重要。指定分区可能会导致麻烦。
所以这次我选择在 'sda' 上安装 GRUB，并在 'sda8' 上安装 Ubuntu，就这样。问题解决了，现在我的笔记本电脑上的 Windows 7 和 Ubuntu 12.04 都可以顺利运行。