无法使用 sudo apt-get install -f 修复损坏的软件包

Question 1

http://www.iasptk.com/ubuntu-fix-broken-package-best-solution

尝试后

sudo dpkg --configure -a

和

sudo apt-get install -f

损坏软件包的问题仍然存在，解决方案是手动编辑 dpkg 状态文件。

sudo -i gedit /var/lib/dpkg/status

（你可以使用 vi 或 nano 代替 gedit）

找到损坏的软件包，然后删除有关它的全部信息并保存文件。

Answer

http://www.iasptk.com/ubuntu-fix-broken-package-best-solution

尝试后

sudo dpkg --configure -a

和

sudo apt-get install -f

损坏软件包的问题仍然存在，解决方案是手动编辑 dpkg 状态文件。

sudo -i gedit /var/lib/dpkg/status

（你可以使用 vi 或 nano 代替 gedit）

找到损坏的软件包，然后删除有关它的全部信息并保存文件。

Question 2

我在从build-essentials升级到后安装时遇到了这个问题。我已经写了详细的解决方案14.04 LTS16.04 LTS这里。但为了方便起见，我将在这里重述要点。

删除所有依赖库（）并使用（方法）autoremove安装所有缺失的库sudo apt-get -f install-f--fix-missing

sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get -f install
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

ubuntu toolchain从 PPA安装

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test

安装aptitude。

sudo apt install aptitude

递归尝试安装损坏的库，直到通过升级或修复特定库解决冲突。在我的例子中，我必须修复libstdc++6

$ sudo aptitude -f install build-essential
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  build-essential cpp{a} cpp-5{a} g++{a} g++-5{a} gcc{a} gcc-5{a} libasan2{a} libcc1-0{ab} 
  libcilkrts5{a} libgcc-5-dev{a} liblsan0{ab} libmpx0{a} libstdc++-5-dev{a} 
The following packages will be upgraded:
  gcc-5-base libstdc++6{b} 
2 packages upgraded, 14 newly installed, 0 to remove and 5 not upgraded.
Need to get 29.6 MB of archives. After unpacking 100 MB will be used.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 liblsan0 : Depends: gcc-9-base (= 9.3.0-10ubuntu2~16.04) but 9.3.0-11ubuntu0~14.04 is installed.
 libcc1-0 : Depends: gcc-9-base (= 9.3.0-10ubuntu2~16.04) but 9.3.0-11ubuntu0~14.04 is installed.
 libstdc++6 : Depends: gcc-9-base (= 9.3.0-10ubuntu2~16.04) but 9.3.0-11ubuntu0~14.04 is installed.

按build-essential需要gcc-5。

$ sudo apt-get -f install gcc-5

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 gcc-5 : Depends: cpp-5 (= 5.5.0-12ubuntu1~16.04) but it is not going to be installed
         Depends: gcc-5-base (= 5.5.0-12ubuntu1~16.04) but 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.12 is to be installed
         Depends: libcc1-0 (>= 5.5.0-12ubuntu1~16.04) but it is not going to be installed
         Depends: libgcc-5-dev (= 5.5.0-12ubuntu1~16.04) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

但gcc-5反过来又取决于cpp-5

$ sudo apt-get -f install cpp-5

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 cpp-5 : Depends: gcc-5-base (= 5.5.0-12ubuntu1~16.04) but 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.12 is to be installed

cpp-5取决于gcc-5-base。在这里你可以看到有一个特定的冲突。Aptitide 提供了多种解决冲突的选择。在我的例子中，升级libstdc++6解决了问题。

$sudo aptitude -f install gcc-5-base
The following packages will be REMOVED:  
  gcc-5-base{u} 
0 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 6 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B of archives. After unpacking 67.6 kB will be freed.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libstdc++6 : Depends: gcc-5-base (= 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.12) but it is not going to be installed.
open: 115; closed: 488; defer: 35; conflict: 58                                                          .The following actions will resolve these dependencies:

     Keep the following packages at their current version:                        
1)     gcc-5-base [5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.12 (now, xenial-security, xenial-updates)]

Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] n
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:

      Upgrade the following packages:                                                                     
1)      libstdc++6 [5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.12 (now, xenial-security, xenial-updates) -> 9.3.0-10ubuntu2~16.0

最后，现在冲突已解决，请尝试build-essentials再次安装。

$ sudo aptitude -f install build-essential

祝你好运！

Answer

我在从build-essentials升级到后安装时遇到了这个问题。我已经写了详细的解决方案14.04 LTS16.04 LTS这里。但为了方便起见，我将在这里重述要点。

删除所有依赖库（）并使用（方法）autoremove安装所有缺失的库sudo apt-get -f install-f--fix-missing

sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get -f install
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

ubuntu toolchain从 PPA安装

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test

安装aptitude。

sudo apt install aptitude

递归尝试安装损坏的库，直到通过升级或修复特定库解决冲突。在我的例子中，我必须修复libstdc++6

$ sudo aptitude -f install build-essential
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  build-essential cpp{a} cpp-5{a} g++{a} g++-5{a} gcc{a} gcc-5{a} libasan2{a} libcc1-0{ab} 
  libcilkrts5{a} libgcc-5-dev{a} liblsan0{ab} libmpx0{a} libstdc++-5-dev{a} 
The following packages will be upgraded:
  gcc-5-base libstdc++6{b} 
2 packages upgraded, 14 newly installed, 0 to remove and 5 not upgraded.
Need to get 29.6 MB of archives. After unpacking 100 MB will be used.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 liblsan0 : Depends: gcc-9-base (= 9.3.0-10ubuntu2~16.04) but 9.3.0-11ubuntu0~14.04 is installed.
 libcc1-0 : Depends: gcc-9-base (= 9.3.0-10ubuntu2~16.04) but 9.3.0-11ubuntu0~14.04 is installed.
 libstdc++6 : Depends: gcc-9-base (= 9.3.0-10ubuntu2~16.04) but 9.3.0-11ubuntu0~14.04 is installed.

按build-essential需要gcc-5。

$ sudo apt-get -f install gcc-5

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 gcc-5 : Depends: cpp-5 (= 5.5.0-12ubuntu1~16.04) but it is not going to be installed
         Depends: gcc-5-base (= 5.5.0-12ubuntu1~16.04) but 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.12 is to be installed
         Depends: libcc1-0 (>= 5.5.0-12ubuntu1~16.04) but it is not going to be installed
         Depends: libgcc-5-dev (= 5.5.0-12ubuntu1~16.04) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

但gcc-5反过来又取决于cpp-5

$ sudo apt-get -f install cpp-5

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 cpp-5 : Depends: gcc-5-base (= 5.5.0-12ubuntu1~16.04) but 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.12 is to be installed

cpp-5取决于gcc-5-base。在这里你可以看到有一个特定的冲突。Aptitide 提供了多种解决冲突的选择。在我的例子中，升级libstdc++6解决了问题。

$sudo aptitude -f install gcc-5-base
The following packages will be REMOVED:  
  gcc-5-base{u} 
0 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 6 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B of archives. After unpacking 67.6 kB will be freed.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libstdc++6 : Depends: gcc-5-base (= 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.12) but it is not going to be installed.
open: 115; closed: 488; defer: 35; conflict: 58                                                          .The following actions will resolve these dependencies:

     Keep the following packages at their current version:                        
1)     gcc-5-base [5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.12 (now, xenial-security, xenial-updates)]

Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] n
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:

      Upgrade the following packages:                                                                     
1)      libstdc++6 [5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.12 (now, xenial-security, xenial-updates) -> 9.3.0-10ubuntu2~16.0

最后，现在冲突已解决，请尝试build-essentials再次安装。

$ sudo aptitude -f install build-essential

祝你好运！

Question 3

尝试此程序。

它通常适用于此类问题，即使人们到目前为止提出的解决方案不起作用。此外，如果它不起作用，它仍然会提供有用的诊断信息。因此，如果它不起作用，请提供终端中的所有文本。它会很长，所以你最好将其粘贴到http://paste.ubuntu.com。您将获得一个可查看该 URL 的网址，您可以将其添加到您的问题中。

Answer

尝试此程序。

它通常适用于此类问题，即使人们到目前为止提出的解决方案不起作用。此外，如果它不起作用，它仍然会提供有用的诊断信息。因此，如果它不起作用，请提供终端中的所有文本。它会很长，所以你最好将其粘贴到http://paste.ubuntu.com。您将获得一个可查看该 URL 的网址，您可以将其添加到您的问题中。

Question 4

我编写了一个修复损坏软件包的脚本。该脚本会在 /var/log/dist-upgrade/apt.log 中搜索损坏的软件包，然后找到软件包名称，然后对其应用指定的命令。

小心使用此脚本，因为有时一些损坏的包与系统有关，可能会产生新的问题。因此使用安装或者升级命令而不是消除命令。

从这里获取

使用以下命令下载脚本：

wget https://gist.githubusercontent.com/EmpireWorld/8eb920165777399cfd684d8d4227a6e2/raw/17e6d4a151a6163aa45dd8302b965ed433b27741/fix-broken.sh

然后运行它：

./fix-broken.sh

您还可以设置要对损坏的包裹应用的操作，如下所示：

./fix-broken (install|upgrade|remove)

默认操作是消除。

Answer