我正在运行 ubuntu 11.10，没有什么大问题，也在一定程度上适应了我的口味，于是我决定再升级一次。不知怎么的，每隔几年我就会这样做，每次都面临重新安装。这次，我还没有放弃。我只花了半天时间就升级到了 12.04，除了 wifi 和 css 乱七八糟之外，一切都正常，但我想升级到 12.10。我设法毫无挫折地开始升级，当安装步骤进行了大约 10% 时，我意外地按下了其中一个终端会话上的向上键，然后 apt-get clean 就响了。在升级过程中。当然，它死了，一个接一个地出错，不让我取消，至少不能完成已经安装的配置。所以我杀了它。我可以重新启动并卸载重新安装配置一些东西，但重启后，我甚至无法进入恢复模式。所以我使用 chroot 处于实时模式，这些是我的输出。我似乎无法通过 chroot 建立互联网连接，但从输出中您可以看到源中没有任何内容。
清洁、自动清洁、自动移除
root@ubuntu:/# apt-get clean
root@ubuntu:/# apt-get autoclean
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
root@ubuntu:/# apt-get autoremove
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
apturl-common : Depends: python3-update-manager but it is not installed
ca-certificates-java : Depends: ca-certificates (>= 20121114) but 20111211 is installed
chromium-browser-l10n : Depends: chromium-browser (= 22.0.1229.94~r161065-0ubuntu1) but 20.0.1132.47~r144678-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 is installed
e2fsprogs : PreDepends: e2fslibs (= 1.42-1ubuntu2) but 1.42.5-1ubuntu3 is installed
gir1.2-mutter-3.0 : Depends: libmutter0a but it is not installable
gnome-orca : Depends: python3-speechd (>= 0.6.2) but it is not installed
gnome-shell : Depends: libmutter0a but it is not installable
Recommends: gnome-user-guide but it is not installed
libexttextcat0 : Depends: libexttextcat-data (= 3.2.0-1ubuntu1) but 3.4.0-1 is installed
libmutter0 : Depends: mutter-common (= 3.6.1-0ubuntu1) but 3.6.2-0ubuntu1 is installed
libreoffice-base-core : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6) but 1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 is installed
libreoffice-calc : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6) but 1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 is installed
libreoffice-common : Breaks: libreoffice-style-tango (>= 1:3.6~) but 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6 is installed
libreoffice-draw : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6) but 1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 is installed
Recommends: libreoffice-pdfimport but it is not installed
libreoffice-gnome : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6) but 1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 is installed
libreoffice-gtk : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6) but 1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 is installed
libreoffice-impress : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6) but 1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 is installed
libreoffice-math : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6) but 1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 is installed
libreoffice-writer : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6) but 1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 is installed
mahjongg : Depends: gnome-mahjongg but it is not installed
module-init-tools : Depends: kmod but it is not installable
python-uno : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6) but 1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 is installed
python3-distupgrade : Depends: python3-update-manager but it is not installed
rpm : Depends: rpm-common (= 4.10.1-2) but 4.9.1.1-1build1 is installed
rpm2cpio : Depends: rpm-common (= 4.10.1-2) but 4.9.1.1-1build1 is installed
ubuntuone-control-panel-qt : Depends: python-ubuntuone-control-panel (= 3.0.1-0ubuntu1) but 4.0.0-0ubuntu1 is installed
Depends: ubuntuone-control-panel (= 3.0.1-0ubuntu1) but 4.0.0-0ubuntu1 is installed
update-manager-core : Depends: python3-update-manager (= 1:0.174.3) but it is not installed
vlc-nox : Depends: libupnp6 (>= 1.4.3) but it is not installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try using -f.
root@ubuntu:/#
更新升级 dist-grade
root@ubuntu:/# apt-get update
Err http://archive.ubuntu.com quantal InRelease
Err http://archive.ubuntu.com quantal-updates InRelease
Err http://archive.ubuntu.com quantal-security InRelease
Err http://archive.ubuntu.com quantal Release.gpg
Could not resolve 'archive.ubuntu.com'
Err http://archive.ubuntu.com quantal-updates Release.gpg
Could not resolve 'archive.ubuntu.com'
Err http://archive.ubuntu.com quantal-security Release.gpg
Could not resolve 'archive.ubuntu.com'
Reading package lists... Done
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/quantal/InRelease
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/quantal-updates/InRelease
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/quantal-security/InRelease
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/quantal/Release.gpg Could not resolve 'archive.ubuntu.com'
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/quantal-updates/Release.gpg Could not resolve 'archive.ubuntu.com'
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/quantal-security/Release.gpg Could not resolve 'archive.ubuntu.com'
W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.
root@ubuntu:/# apt-get upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
apturl-common : Depends: python3-update-manager but it is not installed
ca-certificates-java : Depends: ca-certificates (>= 20121114) but 20111211 is installed
chromium-browser-l10n : Depends: chromium-browser (= 22.0.1229.94~r161065-0ubuntu1) but 20.0.1132.47~r144678-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 is installed
e2fsprogs : PreDepends: e2fslibs (= 1.42-1ubuntu2) but 1.42.5-1ubuntu3 is installed
gir1.2-mutter-3.0 : Depends: libmutter0a but it is not installable
gnome-orca : Depends: python3-speechd (>= 0.6.2) but it is not installed
gnome-shell : Depends: libmutter0a but it is not installable
Recommends: gnome-user-guide but it is not installed
libexttextcat0 : Depends: libexttextcat-data (= 3.2.0-1ubuntu1) but 3.4.0-1 is installed
libmutter0 : Depends: mutter-common (= 3.6.1-0ubuntu1) but 3.6.2-0ubuntu1 is installed
libreoffice-base-core : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6) but 1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 is installed
libreoffice-calc : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6) but 1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 is installed
libreoffice-common : Breaks: libreoffice-style-tango (>= 1:3.6~) but 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6 is installed
libreoffice-draw : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6) but 1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 is installed
Recommends: libreoffice-pdfimport but it is not installed
libreoffice-gnome : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6) but 1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 is installed
libreoffice-gtk : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6) but 1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 is installed
libreoffice-impress : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6) but 1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 is installed
libreoffice-math : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6) but 1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 is installed
libreoffice-writer : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6) but 1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 is installed
mahjongg : Depends: gnome-mahjongg but it is not installed
module-init-tools : Depends: kmod but it is not installable
python-uno : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6) but 1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 is installed
python3-distupgrade : Depends: python3-update-manager but it is not installed
rpm : Depends: rpm-common (= 4.10.1-2) but 4.9.1.1-1build1 is installed
rpm2cpio : Depends: rpm-common (= 4.10.1-2) but 4.9.1.1-1build1 is installed
ubuntuone-control-panel-qt : Depends: python-ubuntuone-control-panel (= 3.0.1-0ubuntu1) but 4.0.0-0ubuntu1 is installed
Depends: ubuntuone-control-panel (= 3.0.1-0ubuntu1) but 4.0.0-0ubuntu1 is installed
update-manager-core : Depends: python3-update-manager (= 1:0.174.3) but it is not installed
vlc-nox : Depends: libupnp6 (>= 1.4.3) but it is not installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try using -f.
root@ubuntu:/# apt-get dist-upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
apturl-common : Depends: python3-update-manager but it is not installed
ca-certificates-java : Depends: ca-certificates (>= 20121114) but 20111211 is installed
chromium-browser-l10n : Depends: chromium-browser (= 22.0.1229.94~r161065-0ubuntu1) but 20.0.1132.47~r144678-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 is installed
e2fsprogs : PreDepends: e2fslibs (= 1.42-1ubuntu2) but 1.42.5-1ubuntu3 is installed
gir1.2-mutter-3.0 : Depends: libmutter0a but it is not installable
gnome-orca : Depends: python3-speechd (>= 0.6.2) but it is not installed
gnome-shell : Depends: libmutter0a but it is not installable
Recommends: gnome-user-guide but it is not installed
libexttextcat0 : Depends: libexttextcat-data (= 3.2.0-1ubuntu1) but 3.4.0-1 is installed
libmutter0 : Depends: mutter-common (= 3.6.1-0ubuntu1) but 3.6.2-0ubuntu1 is installed
libreoffice-base-core : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6) but 1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 is installed
libreoffice-calc : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6) but 1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 is installed
libreoffice-common : Breaks: libreoffice-style-tango (>= 1:3.6~) but 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6 is installed
libreoffice-draw : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6) but 1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 is installed
Recommends: libreoffice-pdfimport but it is not installed
libreoffice-gnome : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6) but 1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 is installed
libreoffice-gtk : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6) but 1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 is installed
libreoffice-impress : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6) but 1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 is installed
libreoffice-math : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6) but 1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 is installed
libreoffice-writer : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6) but 1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 is installed
mahjongg : Depends: gnome-mahjongg but it is not installed
module-init-tools : Depends: kmod but it is not installable
python-uno : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6) but 1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 is installed
python3-distupgrade : Depends: python3-update-manager but it is not installed
rpm : Depends: rpm-common (= 4.10.1-2) but 4.9.1.1-1build1 is installed
rpm2cpio : Depends: rpm-common (= 4.10.1-2) but 4.9.1.1-1build1 is installed
ubuntuone-control-panel-qt : Depends: python-ubuntuone-control-panel (= 3.0.1-0ubuntu1) but 4.0.0-0ubuntu1 is installed
Depends: ubuntuone-control-panel (= 3.0.1-0ubuntu1) but 4.0.0-0ubuntu1 is installed
update-manager-core : Depends: python3-update-manager (= 1:0.174.3) but it is not installed
vlc-nox : Depends: libupnp6 (>= 1.4.3) but it is not installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try using -f.
root@ubuntu:/#
-f 安装
root@ubuntu:/# apt-get -f install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... failed.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
apturl-common : Depends: python3-update-manager but it is not installed
ca-certificates-java : Depends: ca-certificates (>= 20121114) but 20111211 is installed
chromium-browser-l10n : Depends: chromium-browser (= 22.0.1229.94~r161065-0ubuntu1) but 20.0.1132.47~r144678-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 is installed
e2fsprogs : PreDepends: e2fslibs (= 1.42-1ubuntu2) but 1.42.5-1ubuntu3 is installed
gir1.2-mutter-3.0 : Depends: libmutter0a but it is not installable
gnome-orca : Depends: python3-speechd (>= 0.6.2) but it is not installed
gnome-shell : Depends: libmutter0a but it is not installable
Recommends: gnome-user-guide but it is not installed
libexttextcat0 : Depends: libexttextcat-data (= 3.2.0-1ubuntu1) but 3.4.0-1 is installed
libmutter0 : Depends: mutter-common (= 3.6.1-0ubuntu1) but 3.6.2-0ubuntu1 is installed
libreoffice-base-core : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6) but 1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 is installed
libreoffice-calc : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6) but 1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 is installed
libreoffice-common : Breaks: libreoffice-style-tango (>= 1:3.6~) but 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6 is installed
libreoffice-draw : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6) but 1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 is installed
Recommends: libreoffice-pdfimport but it is not installed
libreoffice-gnome : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6) but 1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 is installed
libreoffice-gtk : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6) but 1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 is installed
libreoffice-impress : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6) but 1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 is installed
libreoffice-math : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6) but 1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 is installed
libreoffice-writer : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6) but 1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 is installed
mahjongg : Depends: gnome-mahjongg but it is not installed
module-init-tools : Depends: kmod but it is not installable
python-uno : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu6) but 1:3.5.4-0ubuntu1.1 is installed
python3-distupgrade : Depends: python3-update-manager but it is not installed
rpm : Depends: rpm-common (= 4.10.1-2) but 4.9.1.1-1build1 is installed
rpm2cpio : Depends: rpm-common (= 4.10.1-2) but 4.9.1.1-1build1 is installed
ubuntuone-control-panel-qt : Depends: python-ubuntuone-control-panel (= 3.0.1-0ubuntu1) but 4.0.0-0ubuntu1 is installed
Depends: ubuntuone-control-panel (= 3.0.1-0ubuntu1) but 4.0.0-0ubuntu1 is installed
update-manager-core : Depends: python3-update-manager (= 1:0.174.3) but it is not installed
vlc-nox : Depends: libupnp6 (>= 1.4.3) but it is not installed
E: Error, pkgProblemResolver::Resolve generated breaks, this may be caused by held packages.
E: Unable to correct dependencies
dpkg.log blablabla 2012-12-01 01:11:49 状态半配置 python3.3:amd64 3.3.0-4 2012-12-01 01:11:49 配置无人值守升级：所有 0.79.3ubuntu6 2012-12-01 01:11:49 状态半配置 无人值守升级：所有 0.79.3ubuntu6 2012-12-01 01:11:49 配置 dmsetup：amd64 2：1.02.74-5ubuntu1 2012-12-01 01:11:49 状态半配置 dmsetup：amd64 2：1.02.74-5ubuntu1 2012-12-01 01:11:51 配置 python3：amd64 3.3.0-0ubuntu3 2012-12-01 01:11:51 状态半配置 python3：amd64 3.3.0-0ubuntu3 2012-12-01 01:11:51 配置 apparmor：amd64 2.8.0-0ubuntu7 2012-12-01 01:11:51 状态半配置 apparmor：amd64 2.8.0-0ubuntu7 2012-12-01 01:11:52 配置 initramfs-tools：all 0.103ubuntu0.3 2012-12-01 01:11:52 状态半配置 initramfs-tools：all 0.103ubuntu0.3
dpkg --configure -a --force-all（什么也不做并以此结束：）
/usr/sbin/mkinitramfs: 54: /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs: modprobe: not found
/usr/sbin/mkinitramfs: 136: /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
/usr/sbin/mkinitramfs: 136: /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
/usr/sbin/mkinitramfs: 278: /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs: cannot create /dev/null: Permission denied
WARNING: no ldd around - install libc-bin
update-initramfs: failed for /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-34-generic with 1.
dpkg: error processing initramfs-tools (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
sudo
openjdk-7-jre-headless:amd64
login
python-minimal
ntfs-3g
dbus
aspell-en
resolvconf
python3.3-minimal
samba-common
x11-common
bash-completion
gconf2
cron
util-linux
pulseaudio
winbind
python3.3
unattended-upgrades
dmsetup
python3
apparmor
initramfs-tools
有人知道有什么方法可以删除那些未满足的依赖项，重新安装它们，配置它们，升级我的操作系统以便我可以再次使用它吗？谢谢！
我又前进了一步！刚刚用 dpkg 安装了许多软件包。在此之后，configure 失败了，但之后 -f install 甚至神奇地尝试删除并重新安装一些东西！这是一个巨大的成功，我将尝试下载实时系统中所需的内容并通过 dpkg 将其提供给它
我会及时向大家发布。
答案1
基本上，看起来你想走得太远了。
尝试以较小的增量进行更新。根据你的消息来源，你从 11.10 升级到 12.10。尝试升级到 12.04
你也有一些
W：获取失败http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/quantal/InRelease
W：获取失败http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/quantal-updates/InRelease
W：获取失败http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/quantal-security/InRelease
W：获取失败http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/quantal/Release.gpg无法解析“archive.ubuntu.com”
W：无法获取http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/quantal-updates/Release.gpg无法解析“archive.ubuntu.com”
W：无法获取http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/quantal-security/Release.gpg无法解析“archive.ubuntu.com”
这意味着您缺少很多所需的 CORE 包。
首先解决到达存储库的错误，然后再次尝试更新。
如果你无法访问 archive.ubuntu.com，请尝试这里的一面镜子。
一旦您能够真正获取包列表，事情就应该能够自行解决。
试试这个答案寻求帮助解决 repo 问题。
答案2
最后通过手动转储允许我再次启动的软件包解决了这个问题，然后安装、配置、更新、升级、dist-upgrade、重新配置等，直到它正常工作。还获得了新的 shell 等，一切都很顺利。不过还是谢谢你！