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sed 命令 - 替换文件中的字符串

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sed 命令 - 替换文件中的字符串

我想修改server.xml文件中的值：

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!--
  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  limitations under the License.
-->
<!-- Note:  A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not
     define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
     Documentation at /docs/config/server.html
 -->
<Server port="9001" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" />
  <!-- Security listener. Documentation at /docs/config/listeners.html
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener" />
  -->
  <!--APR library loader. Documentation at /docs/apr.html -->
  <!--
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
  -->
  <!-- Prevent memory leaks due to use of particular java/javax APIs-->
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />

  <!-- Global JNDI resources
       Documentation at /docs/jndi-resources-howto.html
  -->
  <GlobalNamingResources>
    <!-- Editable user database that can also be used by
         UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users
    -->
    <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
              type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
              description="User database that can be updated and saved"
              factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
              pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
  </GlobalNamingResources>

  <!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share
       a single "Container" Note:  A "Service" is not itself a "Container",
       so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
       Documentation at /docs/config/service.html
   -->
  <Service name="Catalina">

    <!--The connectors can use a shared executor, you can define one or more named thread pools-->
    <!--
    <Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-"
        maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/>
    -->


    <!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received
         and responses are returned. Documentation at :
         Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html (blocking & non-blocking)
         Java AJP  Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html
         APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html
         Define a non-SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080
    -->
    <Connector port="8180" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               URIEncoding="UTF-8"
               redirectPort="8443" />
    <!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool-->
    <!--
    <Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool"
               port="8181" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" />
    -->
    <!-- Define a SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443
         This connector uses the NIO implementation that requires the JSSE
         style configuration. When using the APR/native implementation, the
         OpenSSL style configuration is required as described in the APR/native
         documentation -->
    <!--
    <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol"
               maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true" scheme="https" secure="true"
               clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" />
    -->

    <!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->

    <Connector port="8010" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />



    <!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes
         every request.  The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone
         analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them
         on to the appropriate Host (virtual host).
         Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html -->

    <!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie :
    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">
    -->
    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvmB04905-2">

      <!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at:
          /docs/cluster-howto.html  (simple how to)
          /docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) -->
      <!--
      <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>
      -->

      <!-- Use the LockOutRealm to prevent attempts to guess user passwords
           via a brute-force attack -->
      <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
        <!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI
             resources under the key "UserDatabase".  Any edits
             that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately
             available for use by the Realm.  -->
        <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
               resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
      </Realm>

      <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
            unpackWARs="false" autoDeploy="false">

        <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications
             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
        <!--
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />
        -->

        <!-- Access log processes all example.
             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html
             Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" -->
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
               prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
               pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />

      </Host>
    </Engine>
  </Service>
</Server>

我想jvmRoute=用另一个值替换该值

例子：

旧值：

<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvmB04905-2">

新值：

<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="VALUE10">

当我执行这个命令时：

sed -i '/^jvmRoute=/s/=.*/=VALUE10/' server.xml

我的文件没有任何变化，为什么？

答案1

您的sed命令不会更改任何内容，因为您的文件不包含任何以字符串 开头的行jvmRoute。

XML 解析应该使用 XML 解析器来完成。

XMLStarlet 是一个很好的命令行解析器：

$ xml ed -u '//Engine/@jvmRoute' -v 'VALUE10' server.xml >server-new.xml

jvmRoute这会将所有节点的属性值更改Engine为字符串VALUE10，并将生成的 XML 保存到server-new.xml.

Engine仅更改具有 的节点的值defaultHost="localhost"：

xml ed -u '//Engine[@defaultHost="localhost"]/@jvmRoute' -v 'VALUE10' server.xml >server-new.xml

XMLStarlet 可从http://xmlstar.sourceforge.net/，但首先检查你的包管理器。有时调用 XMLStarlet 可执行文件xmlstarlet而不是xml.

答案2

和sed：

 sed -E  's/(jvmRoute=)([a-zA-Z0-9"-])+/\1"VALUE10"/g'

由于您没有指定原始jvmRoute值是什么，我为上面的示例编写了正则表达式，但您可以根据您的需要对其进行自定义。
要直接在文件中替换，请使用：

sed -i -E  's/(jvmRoute=)([a-zA-Z0-9"-])+/\1"VALUE10"/g' server.xml

但使用 xml 解析器可能是最好的方法。

答案3

sed 's/patternFrom/patternTo/' file.txt

• “s/” 表示替换以下内容：现在必须通过键入单行命令将此替换应用于我们的文件：

• sed 只能将命令应用于一组选定的行。这些行通过文件内的渐进编号进行标识，从第 1 行开始。

例如：

sed '2s/patternFrom/patternTo' file.txt

• 仅在第二行执行替换

或者

sed '2,$s/patternFrom/patternTo' file.txt

• 执行从第2 行到最后一行的替换，由特殊符号“$”标识。

更

• sed 包含一个内部缓冲区，称为保持空间。该缓冲区可以通过某些命令激活，例如“g”。 'g' 命令使保留空间替换当前输入行，以便可以在输入行上重复匹配

在您的情况下，尝试将所有行上的所有出现内容与以下内容匹配：

sed 's/patternFrom/patternTo/g' file.txt

我认为不起作用的是模式

确保正则表达式有效，尝试使用

sed 's/jvmRoute="[a-zA-Z0-9-\.]*["]/jvmRoute="VALUE10"/g

答案4

您没有任何以“jvmRoute”开头的行。 （^表示行首，只需省略即可更改文件中的两次出现。）

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