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全新安装启动失败...最终进入 BusyBox (initramfs)...这是 e2fsck 的案例

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全新安装启动失败...最终进入 BusyBox (initramfs)...这是 e2fsck 的案例

计算机在启动 Ubuntu 时总是出现一些奇怪的错误，例如“找不到设备”，因此尝试找出原因并仅使用此站点中的提示来获得一个快速且安全的虚拟机，我知道可以通过 USB 棒启动它，现在我使用高度加密的虚拟机，它从棒启动 LUBUNTU，但不能启动我自己的 Ubuntu 14.04 系统，该系统也在棒上加密...啊。

我记得最后的建议是现在启动并交叉手指......好吧，我在这里。

最后我让 USB 准备好启动，工作正常，现在我想让我的系统再次使用这个 USB 记忆棒作为密钥加载器工作...但是该怎么做呢。

GNU GRUB 版本 1.99-21ubuntu3.9 调用 2 个不同的条目：

  1. 鲁本图
  2. Ubuntu

加载第二个 iso 的语法如下：

setparams 'Run /second.iso (if at (hd0,msdos1) alias /isodevice)'
loopback loop /second.iso linux (loop)/casper/vmlinuz boot=casper iso-scan/filename=second.iso splash -- initrd (loop)/casper/initrd.lz

并提供

error: file not found
error: no such disk
error: you need to load the kernel first.
Press any key to continue ...

直接带我回到 GRUB。???

如何通过哪个参考资料开始这个？

设法进入 BIOS，使用 USB 启动 Lubuntu，现在当我打开终端时：

root@lubuntu:/# sudo blkid -c /dev/null
/dev/loop0: LABEL="Lubuntu 13.10 i386" TYPE="iso9660"
/dev/loop1: TYPE="squashfs" 
/dev/sda1: UUID="419f80ea-a281-4744-a437-9d542e0e53ea" TYPE="ext2" 
/dev/sda5: UUID="7712339f-809a-49c4-a75f-52268e7db087" TYPE="crypto_LUKS" 
/dev/sdb1: LABEL="LubuGrubIsoSwp" UUID="d9e77e76-8fbd-47f6-8b79-25386a6f6f11" TYPE="ext2" 
/dev/sdb2: UUID="3d1893f5-6e68-46d0-a957-9a9d74dc5d10" TYPE="swap" 
/dev/zram0: UUID="7f6856c8-6fac-4f11-9516-b84096cd0e1e" TYPE="swap" 
/dev/zram1: UUID="516fdaa9-eaa3-4d73-afcf-18b2a48eeeb7" TYPE="swap" 
/dev/sdc1: LABEL="Backup" UUID="8042115342114F72" TYPE="ntfs" 
/dev/mapper/luks-7712339f-809a-49c4-a75f-52268e7db087: UUID="Q0yk3A-tXJO-yC6T-tlyw-0X1E-HQ2Y-2eNfOJ" TYPE="LVM2_member"

此外 ...

root@lubuntu:/# cat /etc/fstab
overlayfs / overlayfs rw 0 0
tmpfs /tmp tmpfs nosuid,nodev 0 0
/dev/sdb2 swap swap defaults 0 0

请问，如果可以的话，有人可以给我一些小建议，让我重新启动计算机，无论是恢复模式还是全新安装，如果可以从这里启动的话？

是否可以重新激活它？但是如何激活？

您需要更多信息吗？

成功下载testdisk，以下是我得到的选择：

root@lubuntu:/# testdisk
TestDisk 6.14, Data Recovery Utility, July 2013
Christophe GRENIER <[email protected]>
http://www.cgsecurity.org

Select a media (use Arrow keys, then press Enter):
>Disk /dev/sda - 60 GB / 55 GiB - KINGSTON SVP200S37A60G
 Disk /dev/sdb - 7759 MB / 7400 MiB - TOSHIBA TransMemory
 Disk /dev/sdc - 1000 GB / 931 GiB - SAMSUNG HD105SI
 Disk /dev/mapper/lubuntu--vg-root - 55 GB / 52 GiB
 Disk /dev/mapper/lubuntu--vg-swap_1 - 3871 MB / 3692 MiB
 Disk /dev/mapper/luks-7712339f-809a-49c4-a75f-52268e7db087 - 59 GB / 55 GiB
 Disk /dev/dm-0 - 59 GB / 55 GiB
 Disk /dev/dm-1 - 55 GB / 52 GiB
 Disk /dev/dm-2 - 3871 MB / 3692 MiB

现在为程序员破解的最终信息如下：

root@lubuntu:/# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 60.0 GB, 60022480896 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7297 cylinders, total 117231408 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00061965

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048      499711      248832   83  Linux
/dev/sda2          501758   117229567    58363905    5  Extended
/dev/sda5          501760   117229567    58363904   83  Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 7759 MB, 7759462400 bytes
239 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1022 cylinders, total 15155200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000bec46

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048     3084287     1541120   83  Linux
/dev/sdb2         3084288     3903487      409600   82  Linux swap / Solaris

Disk /dev/sdc: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x012773ec

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdc1              63  1953518959   976759448+   7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT

Disk /dev/mapper/luks-7712339f-809a-49c4-a75f-52268e7db087: 59.8 GB, 59762540544 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7265 cylinders, total 116723712 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/luks-7712339f-809a-49c4-a75f-52268e7db087 doesn't contain a valid partition table

Disk /dev/mapper/lubuntu--vg-root: 55.9 GB, 55889100800 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6794 cylinders, total 109158400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/lubuntu--vg-root doesn't contain a valid partition table

Disk /dev/mapper/lubuntu--vg-swap_1: 3871 MB, 3871342592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 470 cylinders, total 7561216 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/lubuntu--vg-swap_1 doesn't contain a valid partition table
root@lubuntu:/#

我如何使用这里的命令e2fsck？我的系统的具体语法如何？

希望这能提供所需的信息，使系统恢复正常。

系统变得更加复杂，尝试重新安装，现在分区完全混乱了。

从 Live/CD 12.04 开始并使用一些命令>

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 60.0 GB, 60022480896 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7297 cylinders, total 117231408 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000b173c

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1            2048      499711      248832   83  Linux
/dev/sda2          501758   117229567    58363905    5  Extended
/dev/sda5          501760   117229567    58363904   83  Linux

Disk /dev/mapper/luks-e1947161-3359-45a6-bfe2-5a140d8498fe: 59.8 GB, 59762540544 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7265 cylinders, total 116723712 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/luks-e1947161-3359-45a6-bfe2-5a140d8498fe doesn't contain a valid partition table

Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu-root: 55.9 GB, 55889100800 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6794 cylinders, total 109158400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu-root doesn't contain a valid partition table

Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu-swap_1: 3871 MB, 3871342592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 470 cylinders, total 7561216 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu-swap_1 doesn't contain a valid partition table

Disk /dev/sdb: 7759 MB, 7759462400 bytes
239 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1022 cylinders, total 15155200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000bec46

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048     3084287     1541120   83  Linux
/dev/sdb2         3084288     3903487      409600   82  Linux swap / Solaris

我该怎么做才能使系统恢复工作？

我拿回了我的系统，如何，我从 openSuse 13.1 刻录了一张 LIVE-CD，用它启动，用加密的 LVM raid 替换了所有 Ubuntu 混乱，现在系统又可以正常工作并且超快了，不需要重建它，将继续使用 openSuse。

感谢大家的帮助，希望您能愉快地使用 Ubuntu，也许我会尝试将它安装在 openSuse 旁边...这样才有意义。

答案1

如果您仍然可以访问 bash shell，请尝试更新 grub 以查找要挂载的设备

sudo update-grub

这可能有助于在启动时安装分区。

答案2

重新安装：

  1. 正如我上面提到的，从 CD/USB/DVD 启动

  2. 打开终端并获取 root 权限：

    Ctrl+ Alt+T

    然后输入sudo su

  3. 使用 GNU parted 删除所有分区

    parted /dev/sda rm /dev/sda1

    parted /dev/sdb rm /dev/sdb1 ....

  4. 按两次Ctrl+D退出终端

  5. 从桌面启动安装程序 GUI 并安装您的系统。

维修

  1. 启动 Bootmedium 并获取 root 权限

  2. 挂载系统的根分区

    mkdir /mnt 如果/mnt不存在

    mount /dev/sdXY /mnt

  3. 准备 chroot

    mount -o bind /proc /mnt/proc

    cp /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/etc/resolv.conf

    mount --rbind /sys /mnt/sys/

    mount --rbind /dev /mnt/dev/

  4. Chroot 进入你的系统

    chroot /mnt

  5. 尝试修复你的系统... apt-get -f install 重新安装损坏的东西

    apt-get dist-upgrade 重建启动映像

    apt-get install --reinstall initramfs

    update-grub或者grub-mkconfig

    以及任何您认为有帮助的东西。

  6. 按Ctrl+D退出 chroot。

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