由于我遇到了一些依赖问题（我尝试mysql-workbench在 Ubuntu 12.04 中安装），我尝试运行sudo apt-get -f install。但是，输出看起来非常可怕，因为它建议删除 python2.7 并安装 python3（以及其它东西）。
为什么 python2.7 会困扰他？ 接受所有这些删除是否安全？
输出如下：
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
libopenal1:i386 libboost-thread1.46-dev libsdl-ttf2.0-0:i386 melt libkrb5-3:i386 libgconf-2-4:i386 libatk1.0-0:i386 libk5crypto3:i386 libstdc++5:i386 libstdc++6:i386 libxfixes3:i386
libmono-sqlite4.0-cil libqt4-declarative:i386 libboost-filesystem1.46.1 libtorque2 libgstrtspserver-0.10-0 libxcomposite1:i386 libgail18:i386 libldap-2.4-2:i386 libao-common libv4l-0:i386 liblcms1:i386
libqt4-qt3support:i386 libroken18-heimdal:i386 libunistring0:i386 libcupsimage2:i386 libgphoto2-port0:i386 libidn11:i386 libboost-regex1.46-dev librbd1 libnss3:i386 libmono-corlib4.0-cil libwrap0:i386
libcaca0:i386 gtk2-engines:i386 libgudev-1.0-0:i386 libsamplerate0:i386 libmono-system-security4.0-cil libboost-program-options1.46-dev libjpeg-turbo8:i386 libcdparanoia0:i386 libcairo-gobject2:i386
libavc1394-0:i386 libjpeg8:i386 libmono-cairo4.0-cil libboost-graph-parallel1.46-dev libmlt++3 libboost-graph-parallel1.46.1 libmono-system-xml4.0-cil libdrm-radeon1:i386 libmono-i18n-west4.0-cil
libdbus-1-3:i386 msr-tools libaio1 libaio1:i386 libsane:i386 odbcinst1debian2:i386 libqt4-test:i386 libqt4-script:i386 libqt4-designer:i386 libboost-graph1.46-dev libmono-system-drawing4.0-cil seabios
libsdl-mixer1.2:i386 cli-common libmono-system-transactions4.0-cil libqt4-network:i386 libqt4-dbus:i386 libxxf86vm1:i386 libcap2:i386 libproxy1:i386 ibus-gtk:i386 libboost-system1.46.1
libboost-date-time-dev libdbus-glib-1-2:i386 libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 libtdb1:i386 libmono-posix4.0-cil libxcb-glx0:i386 libasn1-8-heimdal:i386 libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 libboost-python1.46.1
libboost-mpi1.46-dev libgoocanvas3 libboost-signals1.46.1 libboost-signals-dev libspeex1:i386 gvfs-libs:i386 libjack-jackd2-0:i386 libxslt1.1:i386 libgomp1:i386 libboost-program-options1.46.1
libmono-system-core4.0-cil libcapi20-3:i386 libibus-1.0-0:i386 libcairo2:i386 libx11-xcb1:i386 libmono-system-configuration4.0-cil libgnutls26:i386 libboost-date-time1.46.1 libboost-thread-dev
libglapi-mesa:i386 libgssapi3-heimdal:i386 mono-runtime libvisual-0.4-0:i386 libcanberra0:i386 librados2 libboost-test1.46.1 libtasn1-3:i386 libfreetype6:i386 gtk2-engines-murrine:i386 libopenmpi-dev
libwavpack1:i386 libqt4-opengl:i386 libsoup-gnome2.4-1:i386 libboost-program-options-dev libglib2.0-0:i386 libmysqlclient18:i386 libexpat1:i386 libv4lconvert0:i386 gstreamer0.10-plugins-good:i386
libboost-wave1.46.1 cpu-checker libboost-test-dev libboost-wave-dev libboost-graph1.46.1 libqt4-xmlpatterns:i386 librsvg2-common:i386 libdatrie1:i386 libavahi-common-data:i386
libmono-system-data4.0-cil libiec61883-0:i386 libjson0:i386 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0:i386 libboost-graph-parallel-dev recordmydesktop libsdl-image1.2:i386 libxcb1:i386 libboost-date-time1.46-dev
libboost-serialization-dev libboost-system-dev libp11-kit0:i386 blt libdrm2:i386 libwind0-heimdal:i386 libxau6:i386 libpixman-1-0:i386 libsdl1.2debian:i386 libxaw7:i386
libmono-system-enterpriseservices4.0-cil libgdbm3:i386 libcups2:i386 openshot-doc libcurl3:i386 libboost1.46-dev libqtcore4:i386 libxinerama1:i386 libgoocanvas-common mono-4.0-gac libesd0:i386
libmikmod2:i386 libkrb5support0:i386 libboost-regex-dev libxft2:i386 vgabios libopenmpi1.3 mono-gac libcroco3:i386 libdrm-nouveau1a:i386 libpulse-mainloop-glib0:i386 libboost-iostreams1.46-dev
libboost-math-dev libtheora0:i386 libice6:i386 libaa1:i386 libspeexdsp1:i386 libxdmcp6:i386 libieee1284-3:i386 libgcrypt11:i386 libthai0:i386 libdrm-intel1:i386 libxml2:i386 libglib2.0-cil libao4:i386
libkeyutils1:i386 libxmu6:i386 libcanberra-gtk0:i386 libvorbisfile3:i386 libqt4-sql:i386 libboost-thread1.46.1 libasound2:i386 libxpm4:i386 libflac8:i386 libqt4-svg:i386 libusb-0.1-4:i386
libgail-common:i386 libxrender1:i386 libboost-math1.46-dev libhcrypto4-heimdal:i386 liborc-0.4-0:i386 libraw1394-11:i386 libnspr4:i386 libshout3:i386 libdv4:i386 libhx509-5-heimdal:i386
libvorbisenc2:i386 librpmbuild2 libqt4-xml:i386 libasyncns0:i386 gstreamer0.10-x:i386 libgettextpo0:i386 libxss1:i386 libgd2-xpm:i386 libheimbase1-heimdal:i386 libnuma1 libtiff4:i386
libboost-signals1.46-dev libsdl-net1.2:i386 libjasper1:i386 libvisual-0.4-plugins:i386 libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0:i386 libpciaccess0:i386 gccxml libboost-mpi-dev libboost-mpi1.46.1 libudev0:i386
libibverbs1 libgnome-keyring0:i386 libxtst6:i386 gtk2-engines-pixbuf gtk2-engines-pixbuf:i386 libboost-system1.46-dev kvm-ipxe libqtgui4:i386 libtag1c2a:i386 librsvg2-2:i386 libavahi-client3:i386
libboost-filesystem-dev libssl0.9.8:i386 libmpg123-0:i386 libmad0:i386 libx11-6:i386 libsasl2-2:i386 qemu-utils libgnome-keyring1.0-cil gtk2-engines-oxygen:i386 libgtksourceview2.0-0
libfontconfig1:i386 libibverbs-dev xaw3dg:i386 libboost-serialization1.46-dev libpango1.0-0:i386 libsm6:i386 libmono-i18n4.0-cil libpulse0:i386 libicu-dev libheimntlm0-heimdal:i386 librpmsign0
libboost-wave1.46-dev libpulsedsp:i386 libxdamage1:i386 gvfs:i386 libboost-dev libqt4-sql-mysql:i386 libxcb-render0:i386 libodbc1:i386 libboost-math1.46.1 libexif12:i386 libqt4-scripttools:i386
libglu1-mesa:i386 bridge-utils librtmp0:i386 libgssapi-krb5-2:i386 libxi6:i386 libvorbis0a:i386 libgtk2.0-cil libqtwebkit4:i386 libmlt-data gnome-dvb-daemon libgstreamer0.10-0:i386 libxp6:i386
libaudio2:i386 libxcursor1:i386 libxcb-shm0:i386 mpi-default-dev libxt6:i386 libxv1:i386 libmono-data-tds4.0-cil libxext6:i386 libsasl2-modules:i386 libboost-iostreams-dev libavahi-common3:i386
libboost-mpi-python-dev libboost-regex1.46.1 libxrandr2:i386 openmpi-common libboost-filesystem1.46-dev gstreamer0.10-plugins-base:i386 libboost-test1.46-dev libsndfile1:i386 libmono-security4.0-cil
libsqlite3-0:i386 libmng1:i386 libgtk2.0-0:i386 libboost-graph-dev libmlt4 libgdiplus libltdl7:i386 libkrb5-26-heimdal:i386 libssl1.0.0:i386 libasound2-plugins:i386 glib-networking:i386
libgpg-error0:i386 libllvm3.0:i386 libsoup2.4-1:i386 libgphoto2-2:i386 libogg0:i386 libgtksourceview2.0-common qemu-common libtag1-vanilla:i386 libmono-system4.0-cil libaudiofile1:i386
libgtkmm-2.4-1c2a:i386 libsigc++-2.0-0c2a:i386 libglibmm-2.4-1c2a:i386 libatkmm-1.6-1:i386 libpangomm-1.4-1:i386 libcairomm-1.0-1:i386 libzip2:i386 libctemplate0:i386
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
The following extra packages will be installed:
libatkmm-1.6-1:i386 libcairomm-1.0-1:i386 libctemplate0:i386 libglibmm-2.4-1c2a:i386 libgtkmm-2.4-1c2a:i386 libpangomm-1.4-1:i386 libsigc++-2.0-0c2a:i386 libzip2:i386 python3 python3-minimal python3.2
python3.2-minimal
Suggested packages:
python3-doc python3-tk python3.2-doc
The following packages will be REMOVED:
activity-log-manager-control-center aisleriot alacarte apparmor apparmor-utils apport apport-gtk apt-xapian-index aptdaemon apturl apturl-common bluez bluez-alsa bluez-alsa:i386 bluez-gstreamer cdbs
checkbox checkbox-qt command-not-found compiz compiz-gnome compiz-plugins-main-default compizconfig-backend-gconf d-feet dconf deja-dup diffuse duplicity eog evolution-data-server firefox
firefox-globalmenu firefox-gnome-support flashplugin-installer foomatic-db-compressed-ppds gaphor gconf2 gdb gdebi-core gedit gimp gir1.2-mutter-3.0 gir1.2-peas-1.0 gir1.2-rb-3.0 gir1.2-totem-1.0
gir1.2-ubuntuoneui-3.0 gksu gnome-applets gnome-applets-data gnome-bluetooth gnome-contacts gnome-control-center gnome-dvb-client gnome-media gnome-menus gnome-orca gnome-panel gnome-panel-data
gnome-rdp gnome-session-fallback gnome-shell gnome-sudoku gnome-terminal gnome-terminal-data gnome-themes-standard gnome-user-share gstreamer0.10-gconf gtk-recordmydesktop gwibber gwibber-service
gwibber-service-facebook gwibber-service-identica gwibber-service-twitter hplip hplip-data ia32-libs ia32-libs-multiarch:i386 ibus ibus-pinyin ibus-table indicator-datetime indicator-power
jockey-common jockey-gtk landscape-client-ui-install language-selector-common language-selector-gnome launchpad-integration libbonoboui2-0 libboost-all-dev libboost-python-dev libboost-python1.46-dev
libcanberra-gtk-module libcanberra-gtk-module:i386 libcanberra-gtk3-module libcompizconfig0 libfolks-eds25 libgksu2-0 libgnome-media-profiles-3.0-0 libgnome2-0 libgnome2-bin libgnome2-common
libgnomeui-0 libgnomevfs2-0 libgnomevfs2-common libgweather-3-0 libgweather-common libgwibber-gtk2 libgwibber2 libmetacity-private0 libmutter0 libpeas-1.0-0 libpurple-bin libpython2.7
libreoffice-emailmerge libreoffice-gnome librhythmbox-core5 libsyncdaemon-1.0-1 libtotem0 libubuntuoneui-3.0-1 light-themes lsb-release meld mendeleydesktop metacity metacity-common mutter-common
mysql-workbench-gpl:i386 nautilus-share nvidia-common onboard oneconf openprinting-ppds openshot osc pidgin pidgin-libnotify printer-driver-foo2zjs printer-driver-postscript-hp printer-driver-ptouch
printer-driver-pxljr printer-driver-sag-gdi printer-driver-splix python python-appindicator python-apport python-apt python-apt-common python-aptdaemon python-aptdaemon.gtk3widgets
python-aptdaemon.pkcompat python-brlapi python-cairo python-chardet python-configglue python-crypto python-cups python-cupshelpers python-dateutil python-dbus python-debian python-debtagshw
python-decorator python-defer python-dev python-dirspec python-egenix-mxdatetime python-egenix-mxtools python-gaphas python-gconf python-gdbm python-gi python-gi-cairo python-glade2 python-gmenu
python-gnome2 python-gnomekeyring python-gnupginterface python-gobject python-gobject-2 python-gst0.10 python-gtk2 python-gtksourceview2 python-httplib2 python-ibus python-imaging python-keybinder
python-keyring python-launchpadlib python-lazr.restfulclient python-lazr.uri python-ldap python-libproxy python-libxml2 python-lockfile python-louis python-m2crypto python-mako python-markupsafe
python-memcache python-minimal python-mlt3 python-mysqldb python-notify python-oauth python-openssl python-packagekit python-pam python-pexpect python-pip python-piston-mini-client python-pkg-resources
python-problem-report python-protobuf python-pyatspi2 python-pycurl python-pygoocanvas python-pyinotify python-pyorbit python-renderpm python-reportlab python-reportlab-accel python-rpm python-scour
python-serial python-setuptools python-simplegeneric python-simplejson python-smbc python-software-properties python-speechd python-subversion python-support python-tk python-twisted-bin
python-twisted-core python-twisted-names python-twisted-web python-ubuntu-sso-client python-ubuntuone-client python-ubuntuone-control-panel python-ubuntuone-storageprotocol python-uno python-urlgrabber
python-virtkey python-virtualenv python-vte python-wadllib python-wicd python-wnck python-xapian python-xdg python-xkit python-zeitgeist python-zope.component python-zope.event python-zope.hookable
python-zope.interface python2.7 python2.7-dev python2.7-minimal qemu-kvm qtemu r-base-dev rhythmbox rhythmbox-mozilla rhythmbox-plugin-cdrecorder rhythmbox-plugin-magnatune rhythmbox-plugin-zeitgeist
rhythmbox-plugins rhythmbox-ubuntuone sessioninstaller software-center software-center-aptdaemon-plugins software-properties-common software-properties-gtk soundconverter stgit
system-config-printer-common system-config-printer-gnome system-config-printer-udev terminator totem totem-mozilla totem-plugins ubuntu-artwork ubuntu-desktop ubuntu-minimal ubuntu-sso-client
ubuntu-sso-client-gtk ubuntu-standard ubuntu-system-service ubuntuone-client ubuntuone-client-gnome ubuntuone-control-panel ubuntuone-couch ubuntuone-installer ufw unattended-upgrades unity unity-2d
unity-common unity-lens-applications unity-lens-video unity-scope-musicstores unity-scope-video-remote update-manager update-manager-core update-notifier update-notifier-common usb-creator-common
usb-creator-gtk vim vim-gnome wicd wicd-daemon wicd-gtk xdiagnose xul-ext-ubufox zeitgeist zeitgeist-core zeitgeist-datahub
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libatkmm-1.6-1:i386 libcairomm-1.0-1:i386 libctemplate0:i386 libglibmm-2.4-1c2a:i386 libgtkmm-2.4-1c2a:i386 libpangomm-1.4-1:i386 libsigc++-2.0-0c2a:i386 libzip2:i386 python3 python3-minimal python3.2
python3.2-minimal
WARNING: The following essential packages will be removed.
This should NOT be done unless you know exactly what you are doing!
python-minimal python2.7-minimal (due to python-minimal)
0 upgraded, 12 newly installed, 322 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 6,351 kB of archives.
After this operation, 635 MB disk space will be freed.
You are about to do something potentially harmful.
To continue type in the phrase 'Yes, do as I say!'
编辑：
我的（当前）来源列表：
deb http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe
deb-src http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main
deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main universe multiverse restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main universe multiverse restricted #Added by software-properties
编辑
sudo apt-get 删除 mysql-workbench*
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Note, selecting 'mysql-workbench' for regex 'mysql-workbench*'
Note, selecting 'mysql-workbench-data' for regex 'mysql-workbench*'
Note, selecting 'mysql-workbench-oss' for regex 'mysql-workbench*'
Package mysql-workbench is not installed, so not removed
Package mysql-workbench-data is not installed, so not removed
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
mysql-workbench-gpl:i386 : Depends: libatkmm-1.6-1:i386 (>= 2.22.1) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libctemplate0:i386 but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libglibmm-2.4-1c2a:i386 (>= 2.32.0) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libgtkmm-2.4-1c2a:i386 (>= 1:2.24.0) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: liblua5.1-0:i386 but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libpangomm-1.4-1:i386 (>= 2.27.1) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libpython2.7:i386 (>= 2.7) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libsigc++-2.0-0c2a:i386 (>= 2.0.2) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libzip2:i386 (>= 0.10) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: python-paramiko:i386 but it is not installable
Depends: python-pexpect:i386 but it is not installable
Depends: mysql-client:i386
Depends: python-pysqlite2:i386 but it is not going to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).
gksudo gedit /var/lib/dpkg/status
...
MySQL Workbench
Package: mysql-workbench-gpl
Status: install ok unpacked
Priority: extra
Section: utils
Installed-Size: 74945
Maintainer: MySQL Workbench team <[email protected]>
Architecture: i386
Source: mysql-workbench
Version: 5.2.44-1ubu1204
Replaces: mysql-workbench-oss
Depends: libatkmm-1.6-1 (>= 2.22.1), libc6 (>= 2.15), libcairo2 (>= 1.8.0), libctemplate0, libgcc1 (>= 1:4.1.1), libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0 (>= 2.22.0), libgl1-mesa-glx | libgl1, libglib2.0-0 (>= 2.31.8), libglibmm-2.4-1c2a (>= 2.32.0), libgnome-keyring0 (>= 2.22.2), libgtk2.0-0 (>= 2.24.0), libgtkmm-2.4-1c2a (>= 1:2.24.0), liblua5.1-0, libmysqlclient18 (>= 5.5.13-1), libpango1.0-0 (>= 1.18.0), libpangomm-1.4-1 (>= 2.27.1), libpcre3 (>= 8.10), libpython2.7 (>= 2.7), libsigc++-2.0-0c2a (>= 2.0.2), libsqlite3-0 (>= 3.5.9), libstdc++6 (>= 4.6), libuuid1 (>= 2.16), libx11-6, libxml2 (>= 2.7.4), libzip2 (>= 0.10), python-paramiko, python-pexpect, mysql-client, python-pysqlite2
Suggests: gnome-keyring
...
编辑3
我发现当尝试通过 apt-get 安装其他软件时，他们都抱怨 mysql-workbench：
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
mysql-workbench-gpl:i386 : Depends: libatkmm-1.6-1:i386 (>= 2.22.1) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libctemplate0:i386 but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libglibmm-2.4-1c2a:i386 (>= 2.32.0) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libgtkmm-2.4-1c2a:i386 (>= 1:2.24.0) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: liblua5.1-0:i386 but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libpangomm-1.4-1:i386 (>= 2.27.1) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libpython2.7:i386 (>= 2.7) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libsigc++-2.0-0c2a:i386 (>= 2.0.2) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libzip2:i386 (>= 0.10) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: python-paramiko:i386 but it is not installable
Depends: python-pexpect:i386 but it is not installable
Depends: mysql-client:i386
Depends: python-pysqlite2:i386 but it is not going to be installed
答案1
删除 python2.7 是不安全的，因为卸载 python2.7 也会删除很多你需要的其他软件包。在 Ubuntu 12.04 中完成您要执行的操作的安全方法是从默认的 Ubuntu 存储库安装 MySQL Workbench 版本。
为了做到这一点，您需要修复您的包目录。修复软件中心目录说打开终端并运行以下命令：
sudo apt-get remove mysql-workbench*
sudo dpkg --configure -a && sudo apt-get install -f
与 python2.7 不同，您可以安全地删除 mysql-workbench，而不会破坏其他任何内容，并在包目录修复后重新安装 mysql-workbench。仅当命令成功 sudo apt-get install -f时，才会执行该命令。sudo dpkg --configure -a
回顾一下你安装 Ubuntu 以来安装的软件包，最引人注目的是 RStudio。有一个官方的 RStudio .deb 包这里适用于 Ubuntu 12.04，但是您从源代码编译了 RStudio，因为您无法从 .deb 文件安装它。这可能是您遇到包目录损坏问题的原因。我建议您删除 RStudio：如果我从源代码构建一个包，我该如何卸载或完全删除它？，修复您的软件包目录，从 Ubuntu 软件中心安装 MySQL Workbench，然后剩下要解决的唯一问题就是如何在不破坏其他任何东西的情况下重新安装 RStudio。