抱歉,标题让人困惑!
假设我跑
apt-cache depends kde-window-manager > ~/Desktop/kwin-depends
我将在我的桌面文件夹中得到一个名为“kwin-depends”的文件。
是否有一些技巧可以将我发出的命令作为文件的一部分包含进去,最好是在文件的开头?
因此,至少在 14.04 LTS 中,前几行看起来像这样:
apt-cache depends kde-window-manager > ~/Desktop/kwin-depends
kde-window-manager
Depends: kde-runtime
Depends: libc6
|Depends: libegl1-mesa
Depends: <libegl1-x11>
而不是像这样:
kde-window-manager
Depends: kde-runtime
Depends: libc6
|Depends: libegl1-mesa
Depends: <libegl1-x11>
答案1
我只想使用一个简单的函数。将其添加到您的~/.bashrc
文件中:
function runcom(){
echo "$@"
## Run the command
$@
}
现在,无论何时您想要运行命令并打印它,您都可以执行以下操作:
runcom apt-cache depends kde-window-manager > out
以上生成此文件:
$ cat out
apt-cache depends kde-window-manager
kde-window-manager
Depends: perl
Depends: kde-runtime
Depends: kde-style-oxygen
Depends: libc6
|Depends: libegl1-mesa
Depends: <libegl1-x11>
libegl1-mesa
Depends: libgcc1
|Depends: libgl1-mesa-glx
Depends: <libgl1>
libgl1-mesa-swx11
libgl1-mesa-glx
|Depends: libgles2-mesa
Depends: <libgles2>
libgles2-mesa
Depends: libice6
Depends: libkactivities6
Depends: libkcmutils4
Depends: libkdeclarative5
Depends: libkdecorations4abi2
Depends: libkdecore5
Depends: libkdeui5
Depends: libkio5
Depends: libknewstuff3-4
Depends: libkwineffects1abi5
Depends: libkwinglesutils1
Depends: libkwinglutils1abi2
Depends: libkworkspace4abi2
Depends: libplasma3
Depends: libqt4-dbus
Depends: libqt4-declarative
Depends: libqt4-script
Depends: libqtcore4
Depends: libqtgui4
Depends: libsm6
Depends: libstdc++6
Depends: libwayland-client0
|Depends: libwayland-egl1-mesa
Depends: <libwayland-egl1>
libwayland-egl1-mesa
Depends: libx11-6
Depends: libx11-xcb1
Depends: libxcb-composite0
Depends: libxcb-damage0
Depends: libxcb-image0
Depends: libxcb-keysyms1
Depends: libxcb-randr0
Depends: libxcb-render0
Depends: libxcb-shape0
Depends: libxcb-shm0
Depends: libxcb-sync1
Depends: libxcb-xfixes0
Depends: libxcb-xtest0
Depends: libxcb1
Depends: libxcursor1
Depends: libxext6
Depends: libxrandr2
Depends: libxxf86vm1
Breaks: kde-style-bespin
Breaks: kde-style-bespin:i386
Breaks: <kde-style-skulpture>
Breaks: <kde-style-skulpture:i386>
Breaks: kde-workspace-data
Breaks: <kde-workspace-data:i386>
Breaks: kdeartwork-theme-window
Breaks: kdeartwork-theme-window:i386
Breaks: <kdebase-workspace-data>
Breaks: <kdebase-workspace-data:i386>
Breaks: kwin-style-crystal
Breaks: kwin-style-crystal:i386
Breaks: kwin-style-dekorator
Breaks: kwin-style-dekorator:i386
Breaks: kwin-style-qtcurve
Breaks: kwin-style-qtcurve:i386
Replaces: kde-workspace-data
Replaces: <kde-workspace-data:i386>
Replaces: <kdebase-workspace-data>
Replaces: <kdebase-workspace-data:i386>
Conflicts: kde-window-manager:i386
答案2
你可以做:
tee file.txt <<<'apt-cache depends kde-window-manager' | bash >>file.txt
同样使用echo
而不是这里的字符串(<<<
):
echo 'apt-cache depends kde-window-manager' | tee file.txt | bash >>file.txt
tee
将写入 STDOUT 以及文件file.txt
tee
ie的 STDOUTapt-cache depends kde-window-manager
将被输入到bash
来运行命令并将 STDOUT 附加到file.txt
。
例子:
$ echo 'apt-cache depends kde-window-manager' | tee file.txt | bash >>file.txt
$ cat file.txt
apt-cache depends kde-window-manager
kde-window-manager
Depends: kde-runtime
Depends: libc6
|Depends: libegl1-mesa
Depends: <libegl1-x11>
答案3
最简约的——方法 #4 和 #3,都可以转换成函数;#2 是我的最爱—— awk
。#1 使用script
命令——非常通用的工具,通常用于记录命令行;适用于任何地方,无论您想记录什么。
方法一:
有一个/usr/bin/script
命令(默认情况下随 ubuntu 提供)用于记录命令行输出,它会捕获所有内容,包括提示符和命令。要将一个命令及其输出保存到特定文件,请使用-c
标志并指定输出文件。示例
xieerqi:$ script -c 'apt-cache depends gnome-terminal' outputFile.txt
Script started, file is outputFile.txt
gnome-terminal
Depends: gconf-service
gconf-service:i386
Depends: libatk1.0-0
Depends: libc6
Depends: libgconf-2-4
Depends: libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0
(extra output omitted)
Script done, file is outputFile.txt
xieerqi:$ cat outputFile.txt
Script started on 2015年10月22日 星期四 08时58分46秒
gnome-terminal
Depends: gconf-service
gconf-service:i386
Depends: libatk1.0-0
Depends: libc6
Depends: libgconf-2-4
(extra output omitted)
Script done on 2015年10月22日 星期四 08时58分46秒
方法 #2:awk 技巧
Awk 具有system()
允许你运行 shell 命令的功能来自awk
脚本或命令。输出将显示在屏幕上,首先是命令,然后是输出。要将所看到的内容重定向到文件,请使用运算>
符。
可以通过两种方式实现 - 要求用户从 stdin 或命令行参数输入内容。第一种方法更容易实现,因此发布它。
(1)awk 'BEGIN{ print "Enter command to run: "; getline com < "/dev/stdin"; system(com) }'
awk 'BEGIN{ print "Enter command to run: "; getline com < "/dev/stdin"; system(com) }'
Enter command to run:
apt-cache depends gnome-terminal
gnome-terminal
Depends: gconf-service
gconf-service:i386
Depends: libatk1.0-0
Depends: libc6
Depends: libgconf-2-4
Depends: libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0
Depends: libglib2.0-0
(extra output omitted)
(2)命令行参数版本;不包括输出,以避免答案太长。同样,附加>
到重定向到文件
awk 'BEGIN{for (i=1; i<= ARGC; i++) myString = myString" "ARGV[i]; print myString; system(myString) }' apt-cache depends gnome-terminal
方法 3:让 bash 为你完成工作
xieerqi@eagle:~$ bash -c ' MYCOMMAND="apt-cache depends gnome-terminal"; echo $MYCOMMAND ; $MYCOMMAND '
apt-cache depends gnome-terminal
gnome-terminal
Depends: gconf-service
gconf-service:i386
Depends: libatk1.0-0
Depends: libc6
Depends: libgconf-2-4
Depends: libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0
Depends: libglib2.0-0
使用操作员重定向到文件>
:
bash -c ' MYCOMMAND="apt-cache depends gnome-terminal"; echo $MYCOMMAND ; $MYCOMMAND ' > output.txt
方法#4:(我的第二喜欢的方法)
受到 ByteCommander 帖子的启发;我们可以read
在子 shell 中使用并运行必要的命令
read command && (printf "COMMAND: %s" "$command";printf "\n+++++++\n"; sh -c "$command")
示例运行:
xieerqi:$ read command && (printf "COMMAND READ: %s" "$command";printf "\n+++++++\nOUTPUT\n"; sh -c "$command")
printf "This was a triumph; I'm making a note here - huge success"
COMMAND READ: printf "This was a triumph; I'm making a note here - huge success"
+++++++
OUTPUT
This was a triumph; I'm making a note here - huge success
方法#5:
使用echo
或here string
(又名)通过<<< "string"
提供参数sh -c
xargs
xieerqi:$ echo "apt-cache policy gnome-terminal" | xargs -I {} bash -c 'echo {}; {}'
apt-cache policy gnome-terminal
gnome-terminal:
Installed: 3.6.2-0ubuntu1
Candidate: 3.6.2-0ubuntu1
Version table:
*** 3.6.2-0ubuntu1 0
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
如果您愿意,您可以使用别名来运用同样的技巧:
xieerqi:$ printAndRun <<< "apt-cache policy gnome-terminal"
apt-cache policy gnome-terminal
gnome-terminal:
Installed: 3.6.2-0ubuntu1
Candidate: 3.6.2-0ubuntu1
Version table:
*** 3.6.2-0ubuntu1 0
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
xieerqi:$ type printAndRun
printAndRun is an alias for 'xargs -I {} bash -c "echo {}; {}"'
答案4
如果你想要别名扩展(仅限 bash),你可以这样做:
function runcmd
{
local check_cmd=${BASH_ALIASES[$1]}
if [ -z "$check_cmd" ]; then
check_cmd=$1
fi
shift #skip 1st arg
echo "$check_cmd $@"
$check_cmd $@
}
您现在可以运行
runcmd acd leafpad > out