我有一个 8 磁盘 32TB RAID6 mdadm 软件 RAID 阵列。我今天启动计算机，但无法启动阵列。它的常见症状是将阵列标记为非活动状态，并将所有 8 个驱动器标记为备用驱动器。我可以dd关闭所有阵列磁盘，因此硬件似乎是健全的。smartctl看起来也很开心。
在尝试尽职调查并寻找现有答案后，我注意到两件事我觉得很奇怪。
mdadm --examine --scan返回两个名为/dev/md/1- 我认为这是铁证。第一行
cat /proc/mdstat说Personalities: [raid1]。就是这样。和/dev/md0都是/dev/md1RAID1 阵列。我相信这一行应该列出一大堆东西，包括 RAID6。我希望这就是为什么mdadm --scan --assemble说 1 个驱动器不足以启动阵列的原因。
这听起来是否真的可能是问题所在，如果是这样，有什么解决办法吗？我没有故意更改内核、安装补丁、重建 ramdisk 或其他类似的东西，而且我不认为 Debian 会自动对我做这些事情。我遇到过一两次电源故障，可能会损坏某些东西，但从那时起阵列就一直工作，并且一切（甚至 FS）都是干净的。尝试通过 UUID 进行组装也有同样的效果。
感谢您的任何建议。这是一些诊断输出。
$ cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md2 : inactive sde1[0](S) sdd1[7](S) sdc1[6](S) sdb1[5](S) sda1[4](S) sdh1[3](S) sdg1[2](S) sdf1[1](S)
31255091772 blocks super 1.2
md1 : active raid1 sdi3[0] sdj3[2]
675801920 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
md0 : active raid1 sdi1[0] sdj1[2]
48794496 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
unused devices: <none>
$ mdadm --detail --scan
mdadm: cannot open /dev/md/2: No such file or directory
ARRAY /dev/md/0 metadata=1.2 name=ferret:0 UUID=1e5230d9:3f75c64e:d0885b53:0149f5aa
ARRAY /dev/md/1 metadata=1.2 name=ferret:1 UUID=663cf35c:b6cd2fe7:270e1729:bbf21ed2
$ mdadm --examine --scan
ARRAY /dev/md/0 metadata=1.2 UUID=1e5230d9:3f75c64e:d0885b53:0149f5aa name=ferret:0
ARRAY /dev/md/1 metadata=1.2 UUID=663cf35c:b6cd2fe7:270e1729:bbf21ed2 name=ferret:1
ARRAY /dev/md/1 metadata=1.2 UUID=67a454f1:4fe380f1:927069d6:2dc58580 name=ferret:1
$ cat /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
# mdadm.conf
#
# Please refer to mdadm.conf(5) for information about this file.
#
# by default (built-in), scan all partitions (/proc/partitions) and all
# containers for MD superblocks. alternatively, specify devices to scan, using
# wildcards if desired.
#DEVICE partitions containers
# auto-create devices with Debian standard permissions
CREATE owner=root group=disk mode=0660 auto=yes
# automatically tag new arrays as belonging to the local system
HOMEHOST <system>
# instruct the monitoring daemon where to send mail alerts
MAILADDR root
# definitions of existing MD arrays
# This file was auto-generated on Sun, 08 Feb 2015 10:23:54 -0600
# by mkconf 3.2.5-5
ARRAY /dev/md/0 metadata=1.2 UUID=1e5230d9:3f75c64e:d0885b53:0149f5aa name=ferret:0
ARRAY /dev/md/1 metadata=1.2 UUID=663cf35c:b6cd2fe7:270e1729:bbf21ed2 name=ferret:1
ARRAY /dev/md/2 metadata=1.2 UUID=67a454f1:4fe380f1:927069d6:2dc58580 name=ferret:1
$ mdadm --stop /dev/md2
mdadm: stopped /dev/md2
$ mdadm --scan --assemble
mdadm: /dev/md/2 assembled from 1 drive - not enough to start the array.
更新：我运行了一些东西，看看它们是否有帮助。他们改变了一些事情，但我不会说有帮助。额外的人物现在出现在/proc/mdstat，但阵列仍然处于非活动状态。
$ modprobe raid456
$ update-initramfs -u
$ init 6
$ cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4]
md2 : inactive sde1[0]
3906886471 blocks super 1.2
md1 : active raid1 sdi3[0] sdj3[2]
675801920 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
md0 : active raid1 sdi1[0] sdj1[2]
48794496 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
$ blkid
unused devices: <none>
/dev/md0: UUID="d913e7ec-96f5-4067-8255-8dd582646f2d" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/md1: UUID="233378f0-cefa-4197-a659-f8e7308a9270" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda1: UUID="67a454f1-4fe3-80f1-9270-69d62dc58580" UUID_SUB="5bb7ca2e-b9dd-7ce3-fa15-4f0f79536371" LABEL="ferret:1" TYPE="linux_raid_member"
/dev/sdb1: UUID="67a454f1-4fe3-80f1-9270-69d62dc58580" UUID_SUB="1150240c-c20f-603a-47d5-2547e603bd91" LABEL="ferret:1" TYPE="linux_raid_member"
/dev/sdc1: UUID="67a454f1-4fe3-80f1-9270-69d62dc58580" UUID_SUB="70296382-b69b-a059-db37-10604c4f9757" LABEL="ferret:1" TYPE="linux_raid_member"
/dev/sdd1: UUID="67a454f1-4fe3-80f1-9270-69d62dc58580" UUID_SUB="b0dd56bc-ca41-b4a0-97ae-18961c23ba5c" LABEL="ferret:1" TYPE="linux_raid_member"
/dev/sde1: UUID="67a454f1-4fe3-80f1-9270-69d62dc58580" UUID_SUB="0a044073-49b0-b90e-653b-6c9427ef3cd4" LABEL="ferret:1" TYPE="linux_raid_member"
/dev/sdf1: UUID="67a454f1-4fe3-80f1-9270-69d62dc58580" UUID_SUB="2a49c7be-dc87-0d33-3d49-055d4fd87c48" LABEL="ferret:1" TYPE="linux_raid_member"
/dev/sdg1: UUID="67a454f1-4fe3-80f1-9270-69d62dc58580" UUID_SUB="417c9661-aa46-6f3a-9019-65381c4deb6a" LABEL="ferret:1" TYPE="linux_raid_member"
/dev/sdh1: UUID="67a454f1-4fe3-80f1-9270-69d62dc58580" UUID_SUB="eb049051-cc6a-5910-290b-f1f5ffead2ac" LABEL="ferret:1" TYPE="linux_raid_member"
/dev/sdi1: UUID="1e5230d9-3f75-c64e-d088-5b530149f5aa" UUID_SUB="9fea4948-f42b-8386-9256-b6572b0adfa2" LABEL="ferret:0" TYPE="linux_raid_member"
/dev/sdj1: UUID="1e5230d9-3f75-c64e-d088-5b530149f5aa" UUID_SUB="57c47321-3c0c-f213-8c76-e4ed95961162" LABEL="ferret:0" TYPE="linux_raid_member"
/dev/sdi2: UUID="86fdd0b2-8ec9-4161-ad64-887ab5181066" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sdi3: UUID="663cf35c-b6cd-2fe7-270e-1729bbf21ed2" UUID_SUB="28bfe8c8-51a2-7fa1-9b17-28915145fed5" LABEL="ferret:1" TYPE="linux_raid_member"
/dev/sdj3: UUID="663cf35c-b6cd-2fe7-270e-1729bbf21ed2" UUID_SUB="9a47fa95-b416-53c0-5d5c-e2ad886154d3" LABEL="ferret:1" TYPE="linux_raid_member"
如果我mdadm --examine在所有组件磁盘上运行，除了 sde 之外的所有组件磁盘都会显示：
Array State: AAAAAAAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing)
sde 奇怪地显示
Array State: A....... ('A' == active, '.' == missing)
这很可能是因为/dev/md2已启动，但处于非活动状态，并认为 sde 位于内部。停止 md2 并尝试通过 UUID 组装它仍然不起作用。
谢谢！
添加 --examine 输出。
/dev/sda1:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.2
Feature Map : 0x0
Array UUID : 67a454f1:4fe380f1:927069d6:2dc58580
Name : ferret:1 (local to host ferret)
Creation Time : Tue May 6 16:50:21 2014
Raid Level : raid6
Raid Devices : 8
Avail Dev Size : 7813772943 (3725.90 GiB 4000.65 GB)
Array Size : 23441317632 (22355.38 GiB 24003.91 GB)
Used Dev Size : 7813772544 (3725.90 GiB 4000.65 GB)
Data Offset : 262144 sectors
Super Offset : 8 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : 5bb7ca2e:b9dd7ce3:fa154f0f:79536371
Update Time : Thu May 25 17:40:42 2017
Checksum : 69790897 - correct
Events : 71
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 128K
Device Role : Active device 4
Array State : AAAAAAAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing)
/dev/sdb1:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.2
Feature Map : 0x0
Array UUID : 67a454f1:4fe380f1:927069d6:2dc58580
Name : ferret:1 (local to host ferret)
Creation Time : Tue May 6 16:50:21 2014
Raid Level : raid6
Raid Devices : 8
Avail Dev Size : 7813772943 (3725.90 GiB 4000.65 GB)
Array Size : 23441317632 (22355.38 GiB 24003.91 GB)
Used Dev Size : 7813772544 (3725.90 GiB 4000.65 GB)
Data Offset : 262144 sectors
Super Offset : 8 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : 1150240c:c20f603a:47d52547:e603bd91
Update Time : Thu May 25 17:40:42 2017
Checksum : f5e64310 - correct
Events : 71
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 128K
Device Role : Active device 5
Array State : AAAAAAAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing)
/dev/sdc1:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.2
Feature Map : 0x0
Array UUID : 67a454f1:4fe380f1:927069d6:2dc58580
Name : ferret:1 (local to host ferret)
Creation Time : Tue May 6 16:50:21 2014
Raid Level : raid6
Raid Devices : 8
Avail Dev Size : 7813772943 (3725.90 GiB 4000.65 GB)
Array Size : 23441317632 (22355.38 GiB 24003.91 GB)
Used Dev Size : 7813772544 (3725.90 GiB 4000.65 GB)
Data Offset : 262144 sectors
Super Offset : 8 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : 70296382:b69ba059:db371060:4c4f9757
Update Time : Thu May 25 17:40:42 2017
Checksum : 6a2a565f - correct
Events : 71
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 128K
Device Role : Active device 6
Array State : AAAAAAAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing)
/dev/sdd1:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.2
Feature Map : 0x0
Array UUID : 67a454f1:4fe380f1:927069d6:2dc58580
Name : ferret:1 (local to host ferret)
Creation Time : Tue May 6 16:50:21 2014
Raid Level : raid6
Raid Devices : 8
Avail Dev Size : 7813772943 (3725.90 GiB 4000.65 GB)
Array Size : 23441317632 (22355.38 GiB 24003.91 GB)
Used Dev Size : 7813772544 (3725.90 GiB 4000.65 GB)
Data Offset : 262144 sectors
Super Offset : 8 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : b0dd56bc:ca41b4a0:97ae1896:1c23ba5c
Update Time : Thu May 25 17:40:42 2017
Checksum : 265cfb41 - correct
Events : 71
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 128K
Device Role : Active device 7
Array State : AAAAAAAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing)
/dev/sde1:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.2
Feature Map : 0x0
Array UUID : 67a454f1:4fe380f1:927069d6:2dc58580
Name : ferret:1 (local to host ferret)
Creation Time : Tue May 6 16:50:21 2014
Raid Level : raid6
Raid Devices : 8
Avail Dev Size : 7813772943 (3725.90 GiB 4000.65 GB)
Array Size : 23441317632 (22355.38 GiB 24003.91 GB)
Used Dev Size : 7813772544 (3725.90 GiB 4000.65 GB)
Data Offset : 262144 sectors
Super Offset : 8 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : 0a044073:49b0b90e:653b6c94:27ef3cd4
Update Time : Sat Jun 3 22:07:36 2017
Checksum : c11904ee - correct
Events : 74
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 128K
Device Role : Active device 0
Array State : A....... ('A' == active, '.' == missing)
/dev/sdf1:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.2
Feature Map : 0x0
Array UUID : 67a454f1:4fe380f1:927069d6:2dc58580
Name : ferret:1 (local to host ferret)
Creation Time : Tue May 6 16:50:21 2014
Raid Level : raid6
Raid Devices : 8
Avail Dev Size : 7813772943 (3725.90 GiB 4000.65 GB)
Array Size : 23441317632 (22355.38 GiB 24003.91 GB)
Used Dev Size : 7813772544 (3725.90 GiB 4000.65 GB)
Data Offset : 262144 sectors
Super Offset : 8 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : 2a49c7be:dc870d33:3d49055d:4fd87c48
Update Time : Thu May 25 17:40:42 2017
Checksum : 6dd5fc9f - correct
Events : 71
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 128K
Device Role : Active device 1
Array State : AAAAAAAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing)
/dev/sdg1:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.2
Feature Map : 0x0
Array UUID : 67a454f1:4fe380f1:927069d6:2dc58580
Name : ferret:1 (local to host ferret)
Creation Time : Tue May 6 16:50:21 2014
Raid Level : raid6
Raid Devices : 8
Avail Dev Size : 7813772943 (3725.90 GiB 4000.65 GB)
Array Size : 23441317632 (22355.38 GiB 24003.91 GB)
Used Dev Size : 7813772544 (3725.90 GiB 4000.65 GB)
Data Offset : 262144 sectors
Super Offset : 8 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : 417c9661:aa466f3a:90196538:1c4deb6a
Update Time : Thu May 25 17:40:42 2017
Checksum : 15d533a5 - correct
Events : 71
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 128K
Device Role : Active device 2
Array State : AAAAAAAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing)
/dev/sdh1:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.2
Feature Map : 0x0
Array UUID : 67a454f1:4fe380f1:927069d6:2dc58580
Name : ferret:1 (local to host ferret)
Creation Time : Tue May 6 16:50:21 2014
Raid Level : raid6
Raid Devices : 8
Avail Dev Size : 7813772943 (3725.90 GiB 4000.65 GB)
Array Size : 23441317632 (22355.38 GiB 24003.91 GB)
Used Dev Size : 7813772544 (3725.90 GiB 4000.65 GB)
Data Offset : 262144 sectors
Super Offset : 8 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : eb049051:cc6a5910:290bf1f5:ffead2ac
Update Time : Thu May 25 17:40:42 2017
Checksum : db2c6fee - correct
Events : 71
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 128K
Device Role : Active device 3
Array State : AAAAAAAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing)