如何检查我的笔记本电脑 Dell XPS 13 (2015) (9343) 的声卡是否以 HDA 模式或 I2S 模式加载？
根据建筑维基百科，该笔记本电脑有双模声卡
硬件：
[mattia@arch-xps ~]$ lspci -nn
00:00.0 Host bridge [0600]: Intel Corporation Broadwell-U Host Bridge-OPI [8086:1604] (rev 09)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation HD Graphics 5500 [8086:1616] (rev 09)
00:03.0 Audio device [0403]: Intel Corporation Broadwell-U Audio Controller [8086:160c] (rev 09)
00:04.0 Signal processing controller [1180]: Intel Corporation Broadwell-U Processor Thermal Subsystem [8086:1603] (rev 09)
00:14.0 USB controller [0c03]: Intel Corporation Wildcat Point-LP USB xHCI Controller [8086:9cb1] (rev 03)
00:16.0 Communication controller [0780]: Intel Corporation Wildcat Point-LP MEI Controller #1 [8086:9cba] (rev 03)
00:1b.0 Audio device [0403]: Intel Corporation Wildcat Point-LP High Definition Audio Controller [8086:9ca0] (rev 03)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation Wildcat Point-LP PCI Express Root Port #1 [8086:9c90] (rev e3)
00:1c.3 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation Wildcat Point-LP PCI Express Root Port #4 [8086:9c96] (rev e3)
00:1d.0 USB controller [0c03]: Intel Corporation Wildcat Point-LP USB EHCI Controller [8086:9ca6] (rev 03)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge [0601]: Intel Corporation Wildcat Point-LP LPC Controller [8086:9cc3] (rev 03)
00:1f.2 SATA controller [0106]: Intel Corporation Wildcat Point-LP SATA Controller [AHCI Mode] [8086:9c83] (rev 03)
00:1f.3 SMBus [0c05]: Intel Corporation Wildcat Point-LP SMBus Controller [8086:9ca2] (rev 03)
00:1f.6 Signal processing controller [1180]: Intel Corporation Wildcat Point-LP Thermal Management Controller [8086:9ca4] (rev 03)
01:00.0 Unassigned class [ff00]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTS5249 PCI Express Card Reader [10ec:5249] (rev 01)
02:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Limited BCM4352 802.11ac Wireless Network Adapter [14e4:43b1] (rev 03)
消息：
[mattia@arch-xps ~]$ dmesg
[ 0.000000] microcode: microcode updated early to revision 0x25, date = 2017-01-27
[ 0.000000] Linux version 4.11.5-2-ck (mattia@arch-xps) (gcc version 7.1.1 20170516 (GCC) ) #1 SMP PREEMPT Thu Jun 15 18:44:16 CEST 2017
[ 0.000000] Command line: initrd=\intel-ucode.img initrd=\initramfs-linux-ck.img root=PARTUUID=3a0ebdfc-e32f-4a35-a482-35dcfd8ee34a resume=PARTUUID=18f13113-dc7f-4138-8084-4e4a67c581ba elevator=bfq nowatchdog rw
[ 0.000000] x86/fpu: Supporting XSAVE feature 0x001: 'x87 floating point registers'
[ 0.000000] x86/fpu: Supporting XSAVE feature 0x002: 'SSE registers'
[ 0.000000] x86/fpu: Supporting XSAVE feature 0x004: 'AVX registers'
[ 0.000000] x86/fpu: xstate_offset[2]: 576, xstate_sizes[2]: 256
[ 0.000000] x86/fpu: Enabled xstate features 0x7, context size is 832 bytes, using 'standard' format.
[ 0.000000] e820: BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
...
[ 1.134601] input: AT Translated Set 2 keyboard as /devices/platform/i8042/serio0/input/input0
[ 1.134898] xhci_hcd 0000:00:14.0: xHCI Host Controller
[ 1.134905] xhci_hcd 0000:00:14.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 2
[ 1.135992] xhci_hcd 0000:00:14.0: hcc params 0x200077c1 hci version 0x100 quirks 0x0004b810
[ 1.135998] xhci_hcd 0000:00:14.0: cache line size of 64 is not supported
[ 1.136266] hub 2-0:1.0: USB hub found
[ 1.136284] hub 2-0:1.0: 11 ports detected
[ 1.140057] xhci_hcd 0000:00:14.0: xHCI Host Controller
[ 1.140061] xhci_hcd 0000:00:14.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 3
[ 1.140221] hub 3-0:1.0: USB hub found
[ 1.140235] hub 3-0:1.0: 4 ports detected
[ 1.141794] ahci 0000:00:1f.2: version 3.0
[ 1.141964] ahci 0000:00:1f.2: SSS flag set, parallel bus scan disabled
[ 1.152044] ahci 0000:00:1f.2: AHCI 0001.0300 32 slots 4 ports 6 Gbps 0x8 impl SATA mode
[ 1.152047] ahci 0000:00:1f.2: flags: 64bit ncq stag pm led clo only pio slum part deso sadm sds apst
[ 1.152452] scsi host0: ahci
[ 1.152598] scsi host1: ahci
[ 1.152697] scsi host2: ahci
[ 1.152789] scsi host3: ahci
[ 1.152825] ata1: DUMMY
[ 1.152826] ata2: DUMMY
[ 1.152826] ata3: DUMMY
[ 1.152828] ata4: SATA max UDMA/133 abar m2048@0xf7422000 port 0xf7422280 irq 46
[ 1.480802] ata4: SATA link up 6.0 Gbps (SStatus 133 SControl 300)
[ 1.483284] ata4.00: NCQ Send/Recv Log not supported
[ 1.483290] ata4.00: ATA-9: SAMSUNG SSD PM851 M.2 2280 256GB, EXT25D0Q, max UDMA/133
[ 1.483294] ata4.00: 500118192 sectors, multi 16: LBA48 NCQ (depth 31/32), AA
[ 1.484011] ata4.00: NCQ Send/Recv Log not supported
[ 1.484068] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133
[ 1.484431] scsi 3:0:0:0: Direct-Access ATA SAMSUNG SSD PM85 5D0Q PQ: 0 ANSI: 5
[ 1.487748] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 2 using ehci-pci
[ 1.507784] usb 2-1: new full-speed USB device number 2 using xhci_hcd
[ 1.564223] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] 500118192 512-byte logical blocks: (256 GB/238 GiB)
[ 1.564249] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
[ 1.564254] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
[ 1.564306] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
[ 1.567449] sda: sda1 sda2 sda3 sda4
[ 1.567749] sd 3:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk
[ 1.652454] hub 1-1:1.0: USB hub found
[ 1.652622] hub 1-1:1.0: 8 ports detected
[ 1.658128] PM: Starting manual resume from disk
[ 1.658131] PM: Hibernation image partition 8:2 present
[ 1.658132] PM: Looking for hibernation image.
[ 1.658305] PM: Image not found (code -22)
[ 1.658306] PM: Hibernation image not present or could not be loaded.
[ 1.679878] random: fast init done
[ 1.731749] EXT4-fs (sda3): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
[ 1.808971] ip_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team
[ 1.813785] systemd[1]: systemd 232 running in system mode. (+PAM -AUDIT -SELINUX -IMA -APPARMOR +SMACK -SYSVINIT +UTMP +LIBCRYPTSETUP +GCRYPT +GNUTLS +ACL +XZ +LZ4 +SECCOMP +BLKID +ELFUTILS +KMOD +IDN)
[ 1.813932] systemd[1]: Detected architecture x86-64.
[ 1.814557] systemd[1]: Set hostname to <arch-xps>.
[ 1.817732] usb 2-3: new full-speed USB device number 3 using xhci_hcd
[ 1.882521] systemd[1]: Set up automount Arbitrary Executable File Formats File System Automount Point.
[ 1.883233] systemd[1]: Created slice User and Session Slice.
[ 1.883333] systemd[1]: Listening on /dev/initctl Compatibility Named Pipe.
[ 1.883425] systemd[1]: Listening on Journal Socket (/dev/log).
[ 1.883514] systemd[1]: Started Forward Password Requests to Wall Directory Watch.
[ 1.883602] systemd[1]: Listening on Device-mapper event daemon FIFOs.
[ 1.883690] systemd[1]: Started Dispatch Password Requests to Console Directory Watch.
[ 1.901987] EXT4-fs (sda3): re-mounted. Opts: discard,data=ordered
[ 2.030202] input: Lid Switch as /devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0C0D:00/input/input2
[ 2.030783] ACPI: Lid Switch [LID0]
[ 2.030854] input: Power Button as /devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0C0C:00/input/input3
[ 2.030857] ACPI: Power Button [PBTN]
[ 2.031841] ACPI: AC Adapter [AC] (off-line)
[ 2.033912] proc_thermal 0000:00:04.0: enabling device (0000 -> 0002)
[ 2.035422] input: Sleep Button as /devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0C0E:00/input/input4
[ 2.035428] ACPI: Sleep Button [SBTN]
[ 2.035539] input: Power Button as /devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXPWRBN:00/input/input5
[ 2.035542] ACPI: Power Button [PWRF]
[ 2.044011] ACPI Warning: \_SB.IETM._ART: Return Package type mismatch at index 0 - found Integer, expected Reference (20170119/nspredef-297)
[ 2.044021] ACPI: Invalid package element [0]: got number, expecting [R]
[ 2.044022] _ART package 0 is invalid, ignored
[ 2.097729] tsc: Refined TSC clocksource calibration: 2194.918 MHz
[ 2.097734] clocksource: tsc: mask: 0xffffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x1fa37202099, max_idle_ns: 440795206796 ns
[ 2.102435] systemd-journald[185]: Received request to flush runtime journal from PID 1
[ 2.137774] usb 2-5: new high-speed USB device number 4 using xhci_hcd
[ 2.199459] hidraw: raw HID events driver (C) Jiri Kosina
[ 2.200577] (NULL device *): hwmon_device_register() is deprecated. Please convert the driver to use hwmon_device_register_with_info().
[ 2.202927] thermal LNXTHERM:00: registered as thermal_zone7
[ 2.202929] ACPI: Thermal Zone [THM] (25 C)
[ 2.204142] wmi: Mapper loaded
[ 2.212758] thermal LNXTHERM:01: registered as thermal_zone8
[ 2.212760] ACPI: Thermal Zone [TZ00] (34 C)
[ 2.222982] thermal LNXTHERM:02: registered as thermal_zone9
[ 2.222984] ACPI: Thermal Zone [TZ01] (34 C)
[ 2.231379] ACPI: Battery Slot [BAT0] (battery present)
[ 2.298443] shpchp: Standard Hot Plug PCI Controller Driver version: 0.4
[ 2.338464] i801_smbus 0000:00:1f.3: SPD Write Disable is set
[ 2.338539] i801_smbus 0000:00:1f.3: SMBus using PCI interrupt
[ 2.348705] intel_pch_thermal 0000:00:1f.6: enabling device (0000 -> 0002)
[ 2.348941] (NULL device *): hwmon_device_register() is deprecated. Please convert the driver to use hwmon_device_register_with_info().
[ 2.349005] snd_hda_intel 0000:00:03.0: enabling device (0000 -> 0002)
[ 2.349145] snd_hda_intel 0000:00:1b.0: enabling device (0000 -> 0002)
[ 2.361342] Adding 8911868k swap on /dev/sda2. Priority:-1 extents:1 across:8911868k SSFS
[ 2.375421] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC1D0: autoconfig for ALC3263: line_outs=1 (0x14/0x0/0x0/0x0/0x0) type:speaker
[ 2.375423] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC1D0: speaker_outs=0 (0x0/0x0/0x0/0x0/0x0)
[ 2.375425] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC1D0: hp_outs=1 (0x21/0x0/0x0/0x0/0x0)
[ 2.375426] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC1D0: mono: mono_out=0x0
[ 2.375428] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC1D0: inputs:
[ 2.375430] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC1D0: Headset Mic=0x18
[ 2.375432] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC1D0: Headphone Mic=0x1a
[ 2.375433] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC1D0: Internal Mic=0x12
[ 2.378024] input: PC Speaker as /devices/platform/pcspkr/input/input6
[ 2.393846] wl: loading out-of-tree module taints kernel.
[ 2.393849] wl: module license 'MIXED/Proprietary' taints kernel.
[ 2.393850] Disabling lock debugging due to kernel taint
[ 2.395919] RAPL PMU: API unit is 2^-32 Joules, 4 fixed counters, 655360 ms ovfl timer
[ 2.395921] RAPL PMU: hw unit of domain pp0-core 2^-14 Joules
[ 2.395922] RAPL PMU: hw unit of domain package 2^-14 Joules
[ 2.395922] RAPL PMU: hw unit of domain dram 2^-14 Joules
[ 2.395923] RAPL PMU: hw unit of domain pp1-gpu 2^-14 Joules
[ 2.396427] dcdbas dcdbas: Dell Systems Management Base Driver (version 5.6.0-3.2)
[ 2.404262] wl 0000:02:00.0: enabling device (0000 -> 0002)
[ 2.427078] AVX2 version of gcm_enc/dec engaged.
[ 2.427079] AES CTR mode by8 optimization enabled
[ 2.441627] random: crng init done
[ 2.452210] input: HDA Digital PCBeep as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card1/input7
[ 2.452405] input: HDA Intel PCH Headphone Mic as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card1/input9
[ 2.469884] wlan0: Broadcom BCM43b1 802.11 Hybrid Wireless Controller 6.30.223.271 (r587334)
[ 2.476553] [drm] Memory usable by graphics device = 4096M
[ 2.476556] checking generic (e0000000 7e9000) vs hw (e0000000 10000000)
[ 2.476557] fb: switching to inteldrmfb from EFI VGA
[ 2.476580] Console: switching to colour dummy device 80x25
[ 2.476687] [drm] Replacing VGA console driver
[ 2.477144] [drm] ACPI BIOS requests an excessive sleep of 25000 ms, using 1500 ms instead
[ 2.488089] EXT4-fs (sda4): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: discard,data=ordered
[ 2.490303] [drm] Supports vblank timestamp caching Rev 2 (21.10.2013).
[ 2.490304] [drm] Driver supports precise vblank timestamp query.
[ 2.492246] i915 0000:00:02.0: vgaarb: changed VGA decodes: olddecodes=io+mem,decodes=io+mem:owns=io+mem
[ 2.499820] intel_rapl: Found RAPL domain package
[ 2.499823] intel_rapl: Found RAPL domain core
[ 2.499824] intel_rapl: Found RAPL domain uncore
[ 2.499825] intel_rapl: Found RAPL domain dram
[ 2.499830] intel_rapl: RAPL package 0 domain package locked by BIOS
[ 2.499835] intel_rapl: RAPL package 0 domain dram locked by BIOS
[ 2.502529] [drm] Initialized i915 1.6.0 20170123 for 0000:00:02.0 on minor 0
[ 2.503948] ACPI: Video Device [GFX0] (multi-head: yes rom: no post: no)
[ 2.506665] input: Video Bus as /devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A08:00/LNXVIDEO:00/input/input10
[ 2.506995] snd_hda_intel 0000:00:03.0: bound 0000:00:02.0 (ops i915_audio_component_bind_ops [i915])
[ 2.507006] [drm] Initialized i915 1.6.0 20170123 for 0000:00:02.0 on minor 0
[ 2.604468] dell_wmi: Detected Dell WMI interface version 1
[ 2.604594] input: Dell WMI hotkeys as /devices/virtual/input/input11
[ 2.608888] input: DLL0665:01 06CB:76AD Touchpad as /devices/pci0000:00/INT3433:00/i2c-1/i2c-DLL0665:01/0018:06CB:76AD.0001/input/input13
[ 2.608965] hid-multitouch 0018:06CB:76AD.0001: input,hidraw0: I2C HID v1.00 Mouse [DLL0665:01 06CB:76AD] on i2c-DLL0665:01
[ 2.610405] wl 0000:02:00.0 wlp2s0: renamed from wlan0
[ 2.655707] mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
[ 2.668750] fbcon: inteldrmfb (fb0) is primary device
[ 3.108005] clocksource: Switched to clocksource tsc
[ 3.426028] media: Linux media interface: v0.10
[ 3.431855] Linux video capture interface: v2.00
[ 3.435199] Bluetooth: Core ver 2.22
[ 3.435220] NET: Registered protocol family 31
[ 3.435220] Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized
[ 3.435223] Bluetooth: HCI socket layer initialized
[ 3.435225] Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized
[ 3.435230] Bluetooth: SCO socket layer initialized
[ 3.440625] usbcore: registered new interface driver btusb
[ 3.441768] dm9601 2-1:1.0 eth0: register 'dm9601' at usb-0000:00:14.0-1, Davicom DM96xx USB 10/100 Ethernet, 00:e0:4c:53:44:58
[ 3.441862] usbcore: registered new interface driver dm9601
[ 3.442095] uvcvideo: Found UVC 1.00 device Integrated_Webcam_HD (0bda:5682)
[ 3.443756] usbcore: registered new interface driver sr9700
[ 3.445335] dm9601 2-1:1.0 enp0s20u1: renamed from eth0
[ 3.451777] uvcvideo 2-5:1.0: Entity type for entity Extension 4 was not initialized!
[ 3.451778] uvcvideo 2-5:1.0: Entity type for entity Extension 7 was not initialized!
[ 3.451779] uvcvideo 2-5:1.0: Entity type for entity Processing 2 was not initialized!
[ 3.451780] uvcvideo 2-5:1.0: Entity type for entity Camera 1 was not initialized!
[ 3.451844] input: Integrated_Webcam_HD as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb2/2-5/2-5:1.0/input/input18
[ 3.451903] usbcore: registered new interface driver uvcvideo
[ 3.451904] USB Video Class driver (1.1.1)
[ 3.559500] Bluetooth: hci0: BCM: chip id 63
[ 3.575523] Bluetooth: hci0: BCM20702A
[ 3.576508] Bluetooth: hci0: BCM20702A1 (001.002.014) build 0000
[ 3.990327] Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 240x67
[ 4.011534] i915 0000:00:02.0: fb0: inteldrmfb frame buffer device
[ 4.050380] input: HDA Intel HDMI HDMI/DP,pcm=3 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:03.0/sound/card0/input19
[ 4.050444] input: HDA Intel HDMI HDMI/DP,pcm=7 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:03.0/sound/card0/input20
[ 4.050503] input: HDA Intel HDMI HDMI/DP,pcm=8 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:03.0/sound/card0/input21
[ 4.050562] input: HDA Intel HDMI HDMI/DP,pcm=9 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:03.0/sound/card0/input22
[ 4.050649] input: HDA Intel HDMI HDMI/DP,pcm=10 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:03.0/sound/card0/input23
[ 4.164982] Bluetooth: BNEP (Ethernet Emulation) ver 1.3
[ 4.164984] Bluetooth: BNEP filters: protocol multicast
[ 4.164988] Bluetooth: BNEP socket layer initialized
[ 4.338501] Bluetooth: hci0: BCM20702A1 (001.002.014) build 1572
[ 4.354498] Bluetooth: hci0: DW1560 Bluetooth 4.0 LE
[ 4.645255] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): enp0s20u1: link is not ready
[ 4.689285] dm9601 2-1:1.0 enp0s20u1: link up, 100Mbps, full-duplex, lpa 0xFFFF
[ 4.756496] dm9601 2-1:1.0 enp0s20u1: kevent 4 may have been dropped
[ 4.762065] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlp2s0: link is not ready
[ 4.767490] dm9601 2-1:1.0 enp0s20u1: kevent 4 may have been dropped
[ 4.799684] dm9601 2-1:1.0 enp0s20u1: link up, 100Mbps, full-duplex, lpa 0xFFFF
[ 4.887666] dm9601 2-1:1.0 enp0s20u1: link up, 100Mbps, full-duplex, lpa 0xFFFF
[ 6.711458] Bluetooth: RFCOMM TTY layer initialized
[ 6.711466] Bluetooth: RFCOMM socket layer initialized
[ 6.711475] Bluetooth: RFCOMM ver 1.11
[ 7.450784] TCP: request_sock_TCP: Possible SYN flooding on port 45265. Sending cookies. Check SNMP counters.
[ 15.633644] fuse init (API version 7.26)
答案1
您可以首先使用 识别声卡lspci -nn，使用 识别加载的声音模块lsmod，在 中查找编解码器芯片的名称/proc/asound/card*/codec\#*，然后通常dmesg在启动后读取输出以了解您拥有的硬件。
到目前为止我还没有见过任何使用 I2S 连接编解码器的笔记本电脑或台式机 - 如果有的话，这是在嵌入式系统中完成的。因此，您拥有 HDA 卡是非常安全的。
编辑
你的声卡是
00:03.0 Audio device [0403]: Intel Corporation Broadwell-U Audio Controller [8086:160c] (rev 09)
00:1b.0 Audio device [0403]: Intel Corporation Wildcat Point-LP High Definition Audio Controller [8086:9ca0] (rev 03)
根据您链接的 Wiki 页面，第一个声卡应broadwell-rt286在 I2S 模式下显示为 ALSA 设备（由 ACPI 启动时决定）。所以检查一下cat /proc/asound/cards，但我的猜测是“Broadwell-U”与“Broadwell RT286”不同，即使是 PCI 描述。
快速谷歌搜索发现这展示 I2S 的使用情况：snd_soc_*除了snd_hda_*驱动其余 HDA HDMI 声卡的模块之外，您还有一堆活动模块（soc = 片上系统，我说它通常仅在嵌入式设备中使用），并且您有中的对应broadwell-audio和haswell-pcm-audio消息dmesg。由于你没有这些，我的猜测仍然是“HDA”，但你没有提供足够的信息来决定。
如果您发现这一切仍然令人困惑，请把满的启动后的输出dmesg、 的输出cat /proc/asound/cards、 的输出lsmod、 的输出cat /proc/asound/card*/codec\#*到pastebin或类似的文件中，并使用链接编辑您的问题。