我使用的是 Kubuntu 16.04。我尝试安装 TFLearn 库，但它需要 Pillow，我尝试安装它但失败了。单独安装 Pillow 也行不通。
daniel@beepboop:~$ pip install Pillow
Collecting Pillow
Using cached Pillow-3.2.0.zip
Building wheels for collected packages: Pillow
Running setup.py bdist_wheel for Pillow ... error
Complete output from command /usr/bin/python -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-jRpryD/Pillow/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" bdist_wheel -d /tmp/tmp1OrE0Epip-wheel- --python-tag cp27:
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/XVThumbImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/PngImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/WebPImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/XbmImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageQt.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/TarIO.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageCms.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/SpiderImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/GbrImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/FpxImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/WmfImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/PcfFontFile.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageColor.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/Jpeg2KImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/Hdf5StubImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/GimpGradientFile.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/MicImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/PcxImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/IptcImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/IcoImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/features.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImagePalette.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/PSDraw.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/_binary.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/JpegPresets.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/BmpImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImagePath.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/GdImageFile.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/PpmImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageSequence.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/FliImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/BufrStubImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/_util.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/PyAccess.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/OleFileIO.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/PdfImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageWin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/Image.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/TgaImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageGrab.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/GimpPaletteFile.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/XpmImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/McIdasImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/PaletteFile.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageFont.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/PixarImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageFile.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/GifImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/DcxImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageTransform.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/GribStubImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/JpegImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/WalImageFile.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/PsdImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/FontFile.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/MpegImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/TiffImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/PcdImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/IcnsImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageEnhance.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageOps.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageTk.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/SgiImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ExifTags.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/MpoImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImtImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/EpsImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/DdsImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/PalmImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/SunImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ContainerIO.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/BdfFontFile.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageDraw2.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/FtexImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageShow.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageMorph.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/CurImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/MspImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageFilter.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageMath.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/TiffTags.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageDraw.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageStat.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageChops.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageMode.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/FitsStubImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
running egg_info
writing Pillow.egg-info/PKG-INFO
writing top-level names to Pillow.egg-info/top_level.txt
writing dependency_links to Pillow.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
warning: manifest_maker: standard file '-c' not found
reading manifest file 'Pillow.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
warning: no files found matching '*.sh'
no previously-included directories found matching 'docs/_static'
warning: no previously-included files found matching '.coveragerc'
warning: no previously-included files found matching '.editorconfig'
warning: no previously-included files found matching '.landscape.yaml'
warning: no previously-included files found matching 'appveyor.yml'
warning: no previously-included files found matching 'build_children.sh'
warning: no previously-included files found matching 'tox.ini'
warning: no previously-included files matching '.git*' found anywhere in distribution
warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found anywhere in distribution
warning: no previously-included files matching '*.so' found anywhere in distribution
writing manifest file 'Pillow.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
copying PIL/OleFileIO-README.md -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
running build_ext
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
File "/tmp/pip-build-jRpryD/Pillow/setup.py", line 767, in <module>
zip_safe=not debug_build(), )
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/core.py", line 151, in setup
dist.run_commands()
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 953, in run_commands
self.run_command(cmd)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 972, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/wheel/bdist_wheel.py", line 179, in run
self.run_command('build')
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/cmd.py", line 326, in run_command
self.distribution.run_command(command)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 972, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/command/build.py", line 128, in run
self.run_command(cmd_name)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/cmd.py", line 326, in run_command
self.distribution.run_command(command)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 972, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/command/build_ext.py", line 339, in run
self.build_extensions()
File "/tmp/pip-build-jRpryD/Pillow/setup.py", line 512, in build_extensions
' using --disable-%s, aborting' % (f, f))
ValueError: jpeg is required unless explicitly disabled using --disable-jpeg, aborting
----------------------------------------
Failed building wheel for Pillow
Running setup.py clean for Pillow
Failed to build Pillow
Installing collected packages: Pillow
Running setup.py install for Pillow ... error
Complete output from command /usr/bin/python -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-jRpryD/Pillow/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-4o357y-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --user --prefix=:
running install
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/XVThumbImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/PngImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/WebPImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/XbmImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageQt.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/TarIO.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageCms.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/SpiderImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/GbrImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/FpxImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/WmfImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/PcfFontFile.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageColor.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/Jpeg2KImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/Hdf5StubImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/GimpGradientFile.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/MicImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/PcxImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/IptcImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/IcoImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/features.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImagePalette.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/PSDraw.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/_binary.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/JpegPresets.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/BmpImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImagePath.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/GdImageFile.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/PpmImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageSequence.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/FliImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/BufrStubImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/_util.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/PyAccess.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/OleFileIO.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/PdfImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageWin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/Image.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/TgaImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageGrab.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/GimpPaletteFile.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/XpmImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/McIdasImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/PaletteFile.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageFont.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/PixarImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageFile.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/GifImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/DcxImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageTransform.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/GribStubImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/JpegImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/WalImageFile.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/PsdImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/FontFile.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/MpegImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/TiffImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/PcdImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/IcnsImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageEnhance.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageOps.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageTk.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/SgiImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ExifTags.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/MpoImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImtImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/EpsImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/DdsImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/PalmImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/SunImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ContainerIO.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/BdfFontFile.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageDraw2.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/FtexImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageShow.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageMorph.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/CurImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/MspImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageFilter.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageMath.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/TiffTags.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageDraw.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageStat.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageChops.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/ImageMode.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
copying PIL/FitsStubImagePlugin.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
running egg_info
writing Pillow.egg-info/PKG-INFO
writing top-level names to Pillow.egg-info/top_level.txt
writing dependency_links to Pillow.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
warning: manifest_maker: standard file '-c' not found
reading manifest file 'Pillow.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
warning: no files found matching '*.sh'
no previously-included directories found matching 'docs/_static'
warning: no previously-included files found matching '.coveragerc'
warning: no previously-included files found matching '.editorconfig'
warning: no previously-included files found matching '.landscape.yaml'
warning: no previously-included files found matching 'appveyor.yml'
warning: no previously-included files found matching 'build_children.sh'
warning: no previously-included files found matching 'tox.ini'
warning: no previously-included files matching '.git*' found anywhere in distribution
warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found anywhere in distribution
warning: no previously-included files matching '*.so' found anywhere in distribution
writing manifest file 'Pillow.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
copying PIL/OleFileIO-README.md -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/PIL
running build_ext
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
File "/tmp/pip-build-jRpryD/Pillow/setup.py", line 767, in <module>
zip_safe=not debug_build(), )
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/core.py", line 151, in setup
dist.run_commands()
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 953, in run_commands
self.run_command(cmd)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 972, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/setuptools/command/install.py", line 61, in run
return orig.install.run(self)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/command/install.py", line 601, in run
self.run_command('build')
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/cmd.py", line 326, in run_command
self.distribution.run_command(command)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 972, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/command/build.py", line 128, in run
self.run_command(cmd_name)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/cmd.py", line 326, in run_command
self.distribution.run_command(command)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 972, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/command/build_ext.py", line 339, in run
self.build_extensions()
File "/tmp/pip-build-jRpryD/Pillow/setup.py", line 512, in build_extensions
' using --disable-%s, aborting' % (f, f))
ValueError: jpeg is required unless explicitly disabled using --disable-jpeg, aborting
----------------------------------------
Command "/usr/bin/python -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-jRpryD/Pillow/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-4o357y-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --user --prefix=" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-jRpryD/Pillow/
You are using pip version 8.1.1, however version 8.1.2 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
daniel@beepboop:~$
答案1
正如所提到的https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/1457#issuecomment-203583883，sudo apt install libjpeg-dev zlib1g-dev安装 Pillow 所需的依赖项。