设置内部专用服务器以在我们的公司 LAN 上进行一些测试。我希望它对内部域和主机具有权威性，但能够解析互联网上的内容（谷歌、雅虎等）
我可以让内部部分正常工作，但是当我尝试解决公共问题时，它失败了。我的 /etc/named.conf 中可能缺少一个简单的标志（顺便说一句，RHEL 7.3 是我的操作系统）。
我可以粘贴我的配置内容，但我想从这里开始。
我一开始非常简单，只是为了让它发挥作用，然后计划随着我的进展添加更多。我只需要解决我当前遇到的外部解决问题。
谢谢！
幻術人
编辑：神经病。我想我已经明白了。我必须在选项部分设置“转发器”并打开递归。现在，它正在按我想要的方式工作。
答案1
这是我在 Debian 上的内容/etc/bind，其配置按照您所说的方式工作 - 对本地 LAN 上使用不可路由地址（在我的例子中为 10.99.99.0/24）的假域名/tld（称为 fake.tld）具有权威性使用 LAN 地址的反向 DNS 以及发送到全世界的“真实”DNS 的其他查找（在本例中，转发到 google 的 8.8.8.8）。此处唯一未显示的文件是/etc/bind/rndc.key和/etc/bind/bind.keys。文件名以粗体显示，文件结尾指示符以该文件的适当样式注释（即，在区域文件中）
命名的.conf：
// This is the primary configuration file for the BIND DNS server named.
//
// Please read /usr/share/doc/bind9/README.Debian.gz for information on the
// structure of BIND configuration files in Debian, *BEFORE* you customize
// this configuration file.
//
// If you are just adding zones, please do that in /etc/bind/named.conf.local
include "/etc/bind/named.conf.options";
include "/etc/bind/named.conf.local";
include "/etc/bind/named.conf.default-zones";
//end named.conf
命名.conf.默认区域：
// prime the server with knowledge of the root servers
zone "." {
type hint;
file "/etc/bind/db.root";
};
// be authoritative for the localhost forward and reverse zones, and for
// broadcast zones as per RFC 1912
zone "localhost" {
type master;
file "/etc/bind/db.local";
};
zone "127.in-addr.arpa" {
type master;
file "/etc/bind/db.127";
};
zone "0.in-addr.arpa" {
type master;
file "/etc/bind/db.0";
};
zone "255.in-addr.arpa" {
type master;
file "/etc/bind/db.255";
};
//end named.conf.default-zones
命名.conf.local：
//
// Do any local configuration here
//
// Consider adding the 1918 zones here, if they are not used in your
// organization
//include "/etc/bind/zones.rfc1918";
zone "fake.tld" {
type master;
notify no;
file "/etc/bind/db.fake.tld";
};
zone "99.99.10.in-addr.arpa" {
type master;
notify no;
file "/etc/bind/db.10.99.99";
};
//end named.conf.local
命名.conf.选项：
options {
directory "/var/cache/bind";
// If there is a firewall between you and nameservers you want
// to talk to, you may need to fix the firewall to allow multiple
// ports to talk. See http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/800113
// If your ISP provided one or more IP addresses for stable
// nameservers, you probably want to use them as forwarders.
// Uncomment the following block, and insert the addresses replacing
// the all-0's placeholder.
forwarders {
8.8.8.8;
};
//========================================================================
// If BIND logs error messages about the root key being expired,
// you will need to update your keys. See https://www.isc.org/bind-keys
//========================================================================
dnssec-validation auto;
auth-nxdomain no; # conform to RFC1035
listen-on-v6 { any; };
};
//end named.conf.options
数据库.0:
;
; BIND reverse data file for broadcast zone
;
$TTL 604800
@ IN SOA localhost. root.localhost. (
1 ; Serial
604800 ; Refresh
86400 ; Retry
2419200 ; Expire
604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL
;
@ IN NS localhost.
;end db.0
数据库.10.99.99：
$TTL 3D ; default ttl for records without a specified lifetime
$ORIGIN 99.99.10.in-addr.arpa.
@ IN SOA ns.fake.tld. root.fake.tld. (
2017012811 ; serial number
1638 ; ns refresh
204 ; ns retry
10485 ; authority expiry
256 ); min (RFC2308 §4)
; we dont use a hostname when we tell about our nameserver(s)
IN NS ns.fake.tld.
; hostname in this case is the last quad of the IP address
1 IN PTR gw.fake.tld.
2 IN PTR ns.fake.tld.
3 IN PTR dhcp.fake.tld.
10 IN PTR fileserver.fake.tld.
;end db.10.99.99
db.127：
;
; BIND reverse data file for local loopback interface
;
$TTL 604800
@ IN SOA localhost. root.localhost. (
1 ; Serial
604800 ; Refresh
86400 ; Retry
2419200 ; Expire
604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL
;
@ IN NS localhost.
1.0.0 IN PTR localhost.
;end db.127
分贝.255：
;
; BIND reverse data file for broadcast zone
;
$TTL 604800
@ IN SOA localhost. root.localhost. (
1 ; Serial
604800 ; Refresh
86400 ; Retry
2419200 ; Expire
604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL
;
@ IN NS localhost.
;end db.255
数据库.空：
; BIND reverse data file for empty rfc1918 zone
;
; DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE - it is used for multiple zones.
; Instead, copy it, edit named.conf, and use that copy.
;
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA localhost. root.localhost. (
1 ; Serial
604800 ; Refresh
86400 ; Retry
2419200 ; Expire
86400 ) ; Negative Cache TTL
;
@ IN NS localhost.
;end db.empty
db.fake.tld：
$TTL 604800
@ IN SOA ns.fake.tld. root.fake.tld. (
2017062019 ; Serial
; YYYYMMDDVV
604800 ; Refresh
86400 ; Retry
2419200 ; Expire
604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL
;
@ IN NS ns.fake.tld.
@ IN A 10.99.99.2
gw IN A 10.99.99.1
ns IN A 10.99.99.2
dhcp IN A 10.99.99.3
fileserver IN A 10.99.99.10
gitlab IN A 10.99.99.7
;end db.fake.tld
数据库本地：
;
; BIND data file for local loopback interface
;
$TTL 604800
@ IN SOA localhost. root.localhost. (
2 ; Serial
604800 ; Refresh
86400 ; Retry
2419200 ; Expire
604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL
;
@ IN NS localhost.
@ IN A 127.0.0.1
@ IN AAAA ::1
;end db.local
数据库根目录：
; This file holds the information on root name servers needed to
; initialize cache of Internet domain name servers
; (e.g. reference this file in the "cache . <file>"
; configuration file of BIND domain name servers).
;
; This file is made available by InterNIC
; under anonymous FTP as
; file /domain/named.cache
; on server FTP.INTERNIC.NET
; -OR- RS.INTERNIC.NET
;
; last update: Jan 3, 2013
; related version of root zone: 2013010300
;
; formerly NS.INTERNIC.NET
;
. 3600000 IN NS A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 198.41.0.4
A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 AAAA 2001:503:BA3E::2:30
;
; FORMERLY NS1.ISI.EDU
;
. 3600000 NS B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 192.228.79.201
;
; FORMERLY C.PSI.NET
;
. 3600000 NS C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 192.33.4.12
;
; FORMERLY TERP.UMD.EDU
;
. 3600000 NS D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 199.7.91.13
D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 AAAA 2001:500:2D::D
;
; FORMERLY NS.NASA.GOV
;
. 3600000 NS E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 192.203.230.10
;
; FORMERLY NS.ISC.ORG
;
. 3600000 NS F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 192.5.5.241
F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 AAAA 2001:500:2F::F
;
; FORMERLY NS.NIC.DDN.MIL
;
. 3600000 NS G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 192.112.36.4
;
; FORMERLY AOS.ARL.ARMY.MIL
;
. 3600000 NS H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 128.63.2.53
H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 AAAA 2001:500:1::803F:235
;
; FORMERLY NIC.NORDU.NET
;
. 3600000 NS I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 192.36.148.17
I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 AAAA 2001:7FE::53
;
; OPERATED BY VERISIGN, INC.
;
. 3600000 NS J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 192.58.128.30
J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 AAAA 2001:503:C27::2:30
;
; OPERATED BY RIPE NCC
;
. 3600000 NS K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 193.0.14.129
K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 AAAA 2001:7FD::1
;
; OPERATED BY ICANN
;
. 3600000 NS L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 199.7.83.42
L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 AAAA 2001:500:3::42
;
; OPERATED BY WIDE
;
. 3600000 NS M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 202.12.27.33
M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 AAAA 2001:DC3::35
; End of File
;end db.root
区域.rfc1918：
zone "10.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.empty"; };
zone "16.172.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.empty"; };
zone "17.172.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.empty"; };
zone "18.172.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.empty"; };
zone "19.172.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.empty"; };
zone "20.172.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.empty"; };
zone "21.172.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.empty"; };
zone "22.172.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.empty"; };
zone "23.172.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.empty"; };
zone "24.172.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.empty"; };
zone "25.172.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.empty"; };
zone "26.172.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.empty"; };
zone "27.172.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.empty"; };
zone "28.172.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.empty"; };
zone "29.172.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.empty"; };
zone "30.172.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.empty"; };
zone "31.172.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.empty"; };
zone "168.192.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.empty"; };
// end zones.rfc1918