我想知道是否可以在 Ubuntu 的上方菜单中放置一个“位置”选项卡，例如 CentOS、Debian 等。
谢谢
答案1
我尝试了几个现有的，但找不到在职的 地点指示器。我发现的那些已经过时了，ppa 不再被维护。
模块化位置菜单
因此，下面是刚刚写的一个：Ubuntu 的位置和文件指示器。
ppa 版本是模块化的一；您可以选择在菜单中显示的内容：
[ 
]
完整版本：
...或者最小的，只显示最近使用过的：
从 ppa 安装
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:vlijm/placesfiles
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install placesfiles
简化版本，显示位置菜单、书签和最近使用的文件
描述和（初始）代码
剧本
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import signal
import gi
gi.require_version('Gtk', '3.0')
gi.require_version('AppIndicator3', '0.1')
from gi.repository import Gtk, AppIndicator3, GObject
import time
from threading import Thread
import os
import subprocess
class Indicator():
def __init__(self):
currpath = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
self.home = os.environ["HOME"]
self.bmark_file = os.path.join(self.home, ".config/gtk-3.0/bookmarks")
self.def_file = os.path.join(self.home, ".config/user-dirs.dirs")
self.recdata = os.path.join(self.home, ".local/share/recently-used.xbel")
self.n = 10
self.app = 'places'
iconpath = os.path.join(currpath, "dir_icon.png")
self.indicator = AppIndicator3.Indicator.new(
self.app, iconpath,
AppIndicator3.IndicatorCategory.OTHER)
self.indicator.set_status(AppIndicator3.IndicatorStatus.ACTIVE)
self.indicator.set_label("Places", self.app)
self.indicator.set_menu(self.create_menu())
# the thread:
self.update = Thread(target=self.check_recent)
self.update.setDaemon(True)
self.update.start()
def create_menu(self):
# creates the (initial) menu
self.menu = Gtk.Menu()
# separator
initial = Gtk.MenuItem("Fetching list...")
menu_sep = Gtk.SeparatorMenuItem()
self.menu.append(initial)
self.menu.append(menu_sep)
# item_quit.show()
self.menu.show_all()
return self.menu
def open_directory(self, *args):
index = self.menu.get_children().index(self.menu.get_active())
selection = self.menu_items2[index-2]
self.execute(["xdg-open", selection])
def open_file(self, *args):
index = self.submenu.get_children().index(self.submenu.get_active())
selection = self.submenu2[index]
self.execute(["xdg-open", selection])
def go_special(self, button, target):
self.execute(["xdg-open", target])
def connect(self, button):
self.execute("nautilus-connect-server")
def set_new(self):
# update the list, appearing in the menu
for i in self.menu.get_children():
self.menu.remove(i)
home_mention = Gtk.MenuItem("⌂ Home")
home_mention.connect("activate", self.go_special, self.home)
self.menu.append(home_mention)
# separator
menu_sep1 = Gtk.SeparatorMenuItem()
self.menu.append(menu_sep1)
for app in self.menu_items2:
sub = Gtk.MenuItem("⏍ "+app.split("/")[-1])
self.menu.append(sub)
sub.connect('activate', self.open_directory)
# separator
menu_sep2 = Gtk.SeparatorMenuItem()
self.menu.append(menu_sep2)
# network
network = "network:///"
network_mention = Gtk.MenuItem("⇄ Network")
network_mention.connect("activate", self.go_special, network)
self.menu.append(network_mention)
connect_mention = Gtk.MenuItem("⮁ Connect to server")
connect_mention.connect("activate", self.connect)
self.menu.append(connect_mention)
# separator
menu_sep3 = Gtk.SeparatorMenuItem()
self.menu.append(menu_sep3)
# computer
computer = "computer:///"
computer_mention = Gtk.MenuItem("⛁ Computer")
computer_mention.connect("activate", self.go_special, computer)
self.menu.append(computer_mention)
recent_mention = Gtk.MenuItem("⁕ Recent files")
self.menu.append(recent_mention)
self.submenu = Gtk.Menu()
for f in self.submenu2:
recent = Gtk.MenuItem(f)
recent.connect("activate", self.open_file)
self.submenu.append(recent)
recent_mention.set_submenu(self.submenu)
# separator
menu_sep6 = Gtk.SeparatorMenuItem()
self.menu.append(menu_sep6)
# quit
item_quit = Gtk.MenuItem('Quit')
item_quit.connect('activate', self.stop)
self.menu.append(item_quit)
self.menu.show_all()
def run_about(self, *args):
self.execute("/opt/upfront/code/runabout")
def check_recent(self):
self.menu_items1 = []; self.submenu1 = []
while True:
time.sleep(4)
self.menu_items2 = self.get_bookmarks()
self.submenu2 = self.get_files()
if any([self.menu_items2 != self.menu_items1,
self.submenu2 != self.submenu1]):
GObject.idle_add(
self.set_new,
priority=GObject.PRIORITY_DEFAULT
)
self.menu_items1 = self.menu_items2
self.submenu1 = self.submenu2
def stop(self, source):
Gtk.main_quit()
def get_bookmarks(self):
loc_bookmarks = [
l.replace("file://", "") for l in open(self.bmark_file).read().splitlines()\
if l.startswith("file://")
]
netw_bookmarks = [
l for l in open(self.bmark_file).read().splitlines()\
if l.startswith("smb://")
]
defaults = [
os.path.join(self.home, l.replace('"', "").split("$HOME/")[-1]) for l in \
open(self.def_file).read().splitlines() if all\
(["$HOME/" in l, l.startswith("XDG")])
]
return [self.replace_sc(m.split(" ")[0]).rstrip("/") for m in list(
set(loc_bookmarks+defaults+netw_bookmarks))]
def replace_sc(self, path):
for c in [("%23", "#"), ("%5D", "]"), ("%5E", "^"),
("file://", ""), ("%20", " ")]:
path = path.replace(c[0], c[1])
return path
def execute(self, command):
subprocess.Popen(command)
def get_files(self):
# create the list of recently used files
used = [l for l in open(self.recdata) if all([
'<bookmark href="file://' in l, not "/tmp" in l, "." in l])]
relevant = [l.split('="') for l in set(used)]
relevant = [[it[1][7:-7], it[-2][:-10]] for it in relevant]
relevant.sort(key=lambda x: x[1])
return [item[0].replace("%20", " ") for item in relevant[::-1][:self.n]]
Indicator()
GObject.threads_init()
signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal.SIG_DFL)
Gtk.main()
如何使用（如果没有从 ppa 安装）
- 将脚本复制到一个空文件中，另存为
places_indicator.py 保存图标（右键单击 > 另存为）确切地命名：
dir_icon.png
..在同一个目录按照脚本。
通过以下命令测试运行脚本：
python3 /path/to/places_indicator.py如果一切正常，请将其添加到启动应用程序：Dash > 启动应用程序 > 添加。添加命令：
/bin/bash -c "sleep 10 && python3 /path/to/places_indicator.py
关于指标
指标显示：
- 主目录
- 所有目录（本地书签和 smb）
~/.config/gtk-3.0/bookmarks~/.config/user-dirs.dirs
- 网络
- 连接到网络
- 电脑
- 最近使用的文件（纬度 10，可以轻松更改）
更改/添加/删除的书签会动态更新
答案2
更新日期：2017 年 2 月 24 日：指示器现在有固定网页链接的选项
介绍
注意：此答案的先前版本可在编辑历史下找到，尽管它不再相关。
下面介绍的指示器原本是针对另一个问题的，但由于有机会，我决定在这里发布它。文件指示器是用于访问用户文件和文件夹的简单指示器。它允许检查最近使用的文件、为文件和目录添加书签。特别是，位置菜单与这个问题特别相关。
从屏幕截图中您可以看到，该指标还支持除英语以外的其他语言环境，因此如果您的系统使用非英语语言环境，它也能正常工作。
更新: 指示器现在还支持启动已固定的 .desktop 文件。例如，如果您已固定 firefox.desktop，它将启动 firefox。因此，指示器可用作程序的快速启动器。在撰写本文时（格林威治标准时间 11 月 19 日晚上 7:53，大约需要 24 小时才能处理），该功能已在 github 和此处的更新源代码中提供。
获取指标
该指标可从我的个人 PPA 以及GitHub. 使用以下步骤获取它：
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:1047481448-2/sergkolo
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install files-indicator
源代码
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# Author: Serg Kolo , contact: [email protected]
# Date: November 19 , 2016
# Purpose: appindicator for accessing files and folders
# Tested on: Ubuntu 16.04 LTS
#
#
# Licensed under The MIT License (MIT).
# See included LICENSE file or the notice below.
#
# Copyright © 2016 Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
# in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
# SOFTWARE.
import gi
gi.require_version('AppIndicator3', '0.1')
gi.require_version('Notify', '0.7')
from gi.repository import GLib as glib
from gi.repository import AppIndicator3 as appindicator
from gi.repository import Gtk as gtk
from gi.repository import Gio
from gi.repository import Notify
from collections import OrderedDict
# from collections import OrderedDict
import urllib.parse
import subprocess
import copy
import shutil
import dbus
import math
import json
import os
class FilesIndicator(object):
def __init__(self):
self.app = appindicator.Indicator.new(
'files-indicator', "document-open-recent",
appindicator.IndicatorCategory.HARDWARE
)
self.user_home = os.path.expanduser('~')
filename = '.pinned_files.json'
self.pinned_list = os.path.join(self.user_home,filename)
self.config = os.path.join(self.user_home,'.files_indicator.json')
self.max_items = 15
self.name_length = 20
self.read_config()
self.app.set_status(appindicator.IndicatorStatus.ACTIVE)
self.cached_files = self.get_recent_files()
self.make_menu()
self.update()
def read_config(self,*args):
config = {}
try:
with open(self.config) as f:
config = json.load(f)
except FileNotFoundError:
print('>>> ',self.config,' not found.Creating one')
f = open(self.config,'w')
config = {'max_items':self.max_items,
'name_length':self.name_length
}
json.dump(config,f,indent=4)
f.close()
except json.JSONDecodeError:
print(">>> Can't read ",self.pinned_list,',may be corrupt')
return None
else:
self.max_items = config['max_items']
self.name_length = config['name_length']
def add_menu_item(self, menu_obj, item_type, image, label, action, args):
""" dynamic function that can add menu items depending on
the item type and other arguments"""
menu_item, icon = None, None
if item_type is gtk.ImageMenuItem and label:
menu_item = gtk.ImageMenuItem.new_with_label(label)
menu_item.set_always_show_image(True)
if '/' in image:
icon = gtk.Image.new_from_file(image)
else:
icon = gtk.Image.new_from_icon_name(image, 48)
menu_item.set_image(icon)
elif item_type is gtk.ImageMenuItem and not label:
menu_item = gtk.ImageMenuItem()
menu_item.set_always_show_image(True)
if '/' in image:
icon = gtk.Image.new_from_file(image)
else:
icon = gtk.Image.new_from_icon_name(image, 16)
menu_item.set_image(icon)
elif item_type is gtk.MenuItem:
menu_item = gtk.MenuItem(label)
elif item_type is gtk.SeparatorMenuItem:
menu_item = gtk.SeparatorMenuItem()
if action:
menu_item.connect('activate', action, *args)
menu_obj.append(menu_item)
menu_item.show()
def get_user_dirs(self,*args):
user_dirs = []
for index,val in glib.UserDirectory.__enum_values__.items():
if index == 8: continue
dir = glib.get_user_special_dir(index)
if dir: user_dirs.append(dir)
return user_dirs
def get_file_icon(self,*args):
if args[-1].endswith('.desktop'):
desk_file = Gio.DesktopAppInfo.new_from_filename(args[-1])
icon = desk_file.get_icon()
if type(icon) == Gio.ThemedIcon:
themed_name = icon.get_names()[0]
theme = gtk.IconTheme.get_default()
name = theme.lookup_icon(themed_name, 48, 0).get_filename()
if type(icon) == Gio.FileIcon:
name = icon.get_file().get_uri()
icon_url= urllib.parse.unquote(name).replace('file://','')
return icon_url
file = Gio.File.new_for_path(args[-1])
file_info = file.query_info("standard::*",0)
icon_string = file_info.get_icon().to_string()
if 'folder-' in icon_string:
return icon_string.split()[-2]
return icon_string.split()[-1]
def get_recent_files(self,*args):
manager = gtk.RecentManager.get_default()
try:
files = OrderedDict()
for index,item in enumerate(manager.get_items(),1):
uri = item.get_uri()
uri_decoded = urllib.parse.unquote(uri)
filepath = uri_decoded.replace('file://','')
if not os.path.exists(filepath): continue
basename = os.path.basename(uri_decoded)
files[basename] = filepath
if index == self.max_items:
break
except Exception as e:
print(e)
return None
finally: return files
def callback(self,*args):
self.update()
def update(self,*args):
current_files = self.get_recent_files()
if current_files != self.cached_files:
self.make_menu()
self.cached_files = current_files
glib.timeout_add_seconds(3,self.callback)
def add_submenu(self,top_menu,label):
menuitem = gtk.MenuItem(label)
submenu = gtk.Menu()
menuitem.set_submenu(submenu)
top_menu.append(menuitem)
menuitem.show()
return submenu
def make_menu(self):
if hasattr(self, 'app_menu'):
for item in self.app_menu.get_children():
self.app_menu.remove(item)
else:
self.app_menu = gtk.Menu()
recent = self.add_submenu(self.app_menu,'Recent Files')
recent_dict = self.get_recent_files()
content = [recent,gtk.ImageMenuItem,'gtk-add',
'Add to Recent Files',self.add_recent,[None]
]
self.add_menu_item(*content)
content = [recent,gtk.ImageMenuItem,'user-trash',
'Clear recent files list',self.clear_recent,[None]
]
self.add_menu_item(*content)
content = [recent,gtk.SeparatorMenuItem,
None,None,
None,[None]
]
self.add_menu_item(*content)
self.add_menu_item(*content)
if not recent_dict:
content = [recent,gtk.MenuItem,None,
'No items',None,None
]
self.add_menu_item(*content)
last = None
for i in recent.get_children():
last = i
last.set_sensitive(False)
else:
for name,data in recent_dict.items():
icon = self.get_file_icon(data)
content = [recent, gtk.ImageMenuItem,
icon, name[:self.name_length],
self.open_item, [data]
]
self.add_menu_item(*content)
# Pinned files
bookmarks = self.add_submenu(self.app_menu,'Pinned Files')
content = [bookmarks,gtk.ImageMenuItem,
'bookmark_add','Pin a file',
self.pin_file,[bookmarks,None]
]
self.add_menu_item(*content)
content = [bookmarks,gtk.ImageMenuItem,
'remove','Remove item',
self.remove_pinned,['files']
]
self.add_menu_item(*content)
content = [bookmarks,gtk.ImageMenuItem,
'user-trash','Remove All',
self.remove_all_pinned,[None]
]
self.add_menu_item(*content)
content = [bookmarks,gtk.SeparatorMenuItem,
None,None,
None,[None]
]
self.add_menu_item(*content)
self.add_menu_item(*content)
pinned_files = self.get_pinned()
if (pinned_files and
'files' in pinned_files.keys() and
pinned_files['files']):
for filepath in pinned_files['files']:
icon = self.get_file_icon(filepath)
content = [bookmarks,gtk.ImageMenuItem,
icon,os.path.basename(filepath),
self.open_item,[filepath]
]
self.add_menu_item(*content)
else:
content = [bookmarks,gtk.MenuItem,None,
'No items',None,None
]
self.add_menu_item(*content)
last = None
for i in bookmarks.get_children():
last = i
last.set_sensitive(False)
places = self.add_submenu(self.app_menu,'Places')
content = [places,gtk.ImageMenuItem,'add',
'Pin Directory',self.pin_dir,[None]
]
self.add_menu_item(*content)
content = [places,gtk.ImageMenuItem,
'remove','Remove Pinned',
self.remove_pinned,['dirs']
]
self.add_menu_item(*content)
content = [places,gtk.SeparatorMenuItem,
None,None,
None,[None]
]
self.add_menu_item(*content)
content = [places,gtk.MenuItem,None,
'Standard Dirs',None,None
]
self.add_menu_item(*content)
last = None
for i in places.get_children():
last = i
last.set_sensitive(False)
for dir in self.get_user_dirs():
icon = self.get_file_icon(dir)
content = [places,gtk.ImageMenuItem,icon,
os.path.basename(dir),self.open_item,[dir]
]
self.add_menu_item(*content)
content = [places,gtk.SeparatorMenuItem,
None,None,
None,[None]
]
self.add_menu_item(*content)
content = [places,gtk.MenuItem,None,
'Pinned Dirs',None,None
]
self.add_menu_item(*content)
last = None
for i in places.get_children():
last = i
last.set_sensitive(False)
if (pinned_files and
'dirs' in pinned_files.keys() and
pinned_files['dirs']):
for dir in pinned_files['dirs']:
icon = self.get_file_icon(dir)
print(icon)
content = [places,gtk.ImageMenuItem,icon,
os.path.basename(dir),self.open_item,[dir]
]
self.add_menu_item(*content)
else:
content = [places,gtk.MenuItem,None,
'No items',None,None
]
self.add_menu_item(*content)
last = None
for i in places.get_children():
last = i
last.set_sensitive(False)
content = [self.app_menu,gtk.SeparatorMenuItem,
None,None,
None,[None]
]
self.add_menu_item(*content)
content = [self.app_menu,gtk.ImageMenuItem,'exit',
'quit',self.quit,[None]
]
self.add_menu_item(*content)
self.app.set_menu(self.app_menu)
def check_directory(self,*args):
current_set = set(os.listdir(args[-1]))
return current_set - self.cached_set
def get_pinned(self,*args):
try:
with open(self.pinned_list) as f:
return json.load(f,object_pairs_hook=OrderedDict)
except FileNotFoundError:
print('>>> ',self.pinned_list,' not found')
return None
except json.JSONDecodeError:
print(">>> Can't read ",self.pinned_list,',may be corrupt')
return None
def pin_dir(self,*args):
# TODO
current_list = self.get_pinned()
if not current_list:
current_list = OrderedDict()
current_list['dirs'] = []
f = open(self.pinned_list,'w')
f.write("")
f.close()
if not args[-1]:
cmd = "zenity --file-selection --directory --separator || --multiple"
dirs = self.run_cmd(cmd.split())
else:
dirs = args[-1]
dir_list = []
if not dirs: return None
dir_list = dirs.decode().strip().split("||")
if not 'dirs' in current_list.keys():
current_list['dirs'] = []
for f in dir_list:
#icon = self.get_file_icon(f)
current_list['dirs'].append(f)
with open(self.pinned_list,'w') as f:
json.dump(current_list,f,indent=4)
self.make_menu()
def pin_file(self,*args):
current_list = self.get_pinned()
if not current_list:
current_list = OrderedDict()
current_list['files'] = []
f = open(self.pinned_list,'w')
f.write("")
f.close()
if not args[-1]:
cmd = "zenity --file-selection --separator || --multiple "
files = self.run_cmd(cmd.split())
else:
files = args[-1]
file_list = []
if not files: return None
file_list = files.decode().strip().split("||")
if not 'files' in current_list.keys():
current_list['files'] = []
for f in file_list:
#icon = self.get_file_icon(f)
current_list['files'].append(f)
with open(self.pinned_list,'w') as f:
json.dump(current_list,f,indent=4)
self.make_menu()
def remove_all_pinned(self,*args):
try:
#os.unlink(self.pinned_list)
with open(self.pinned_list) as f:
pinned = json.load(f)
pinned.pop('files')
with open(self.pinned_list,'w') as f:
json.dump(pinned,f,indent=4)
except:
pass
finally:
self.make_menu()
def remove_pinned(self,*args):
key = args[-1]
pinned = self.get_pinned()
if not pinned: return
cmd_str = "zenity --forms --add-combo Remove --combo-values"
vals = "|".join(pinned[key])
cmd = cmd_str.split() + [vals]
item = self.run_cmd(cmd)
if item:
path = item.decode().strip()
index = pinned[key].index(path)
pinned[key].pop(index)
with open(self.pinned_list,'w') as f:
json.dump(pinned,f,indent=4)
self.make_menu()
def add_recent(self,*args):
cmd = "zenity --file-selection --separator || --multiple "
files = self.run_cmd(cmd.split())
file_list = []
if not files: return
file_list = files.decode().strip().split("||")
items = ['file://' + f for f in file_list]
for f in items: gtk.RecentManager().get_default().add_item(f)
def clear_recent(self,*args):
try:
gtk.RecentManager.get_default().purge_items()
self.make_menu()
except:
pass
def open_item(self,*args):
#self.run_cmd(['xdg-open',args[-1]])
if args[-1].endswith('.desktop'):
desk_file = Gio.DesktopAppInfo.new_from_filename(args[-1])
return desk_file.launch_uris()
return subprocess.Popen(['xdg-open',args[-1]])
def quit(self,*args):
gtk.main_quit()
def run_cmd(self, cmdlist):
""" utility: reusable function for running external commands """
#new_env = dict(os.environ)
#new_env['LC_ALL'] = 'C'
try:
stdout = subprocess.check_output(cmdlist) #env=new_env)
except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
pass
else:
if stdout:
return stdout
def run(self):
""" Launches the indicator """
try:
gtk.main()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
pass
def quit(self, *args):
""" closes indicator """
gtk.main_quit()
def main():
""" defines program entry point """
indicator = FilesIndicator()
indicator.run()
if __name__ == '__main__':
try:
main()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
gtk.main_quit()
配置
该指标通过存储在用户主目录中的两个 json 文件进行配置。
~/.files_indicator.json控制用户界面、菜单项的长度以及最近文件菜单中的最大数量。
{
"name_length": 30,
"max_items": 10
}
控制~/.pinned_files.json固定文件和文件夹的列表。每项都是一个列表/数组。
{
"dirs": [
"/home/xieerqi/\u56fe\u7247/Wallpapers"
],
"files": [
"/home/xieerqi/work_in_progress/videonauth_code.py",
"/home/xieerqi/work_in_progress/spin_button.py"
]
}
答案3
好吧，伙计们，我所做的就是安装 Ubuntu-Gnome 并在 Tweak 工具中启用“Places”扩展，然后就搞定了。不得不说，Ubuntu Gnome 看起来比 Unity 好多了
