我构建了一个新内核（4.4.0-64，在 Ubuntu 16.04 上）。
现在我想始终从4.4.0-64内核启动，但是，无论我将 设置为什么/etc/default/grub-GRUB_DEFAULT操作系统始终会使用旧内核启动。
下面的例子表明，即使我将其设置GRUB_DEFAULT为4.4.0-64内核，操作系统仍然会启动到旧4.4.0-040400内核：
$ sudo grub-mkconfig | grep menuentry | grep generic
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-040400-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-040400-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-64-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-64-generic
Adding boot menu entry for EFI firmware configuration
done
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.4.0-040400-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.4.0-040400-generic-advanced-6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e' {
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.4.0-040400-generic (upstart)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.4.0-040400-generic-init-upstart-6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e' {
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.4.0-040400-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.4.0-040400-generic-recovery-6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e' {
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.4.0-64-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.4.0-64-generic-advanced-6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e' {
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.4.0-64-generic (upstart)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.4.0-64-generic-init-upstart-6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e' {
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.4.0-64-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.4.0-64-generic-recovery-6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e' {
$ grep GRUB_DEFAULT /etc/default/grub
GRUB_DEFAULT="gnulinux-advanced-6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e>gnulinux-4.4.0-64-generic-advanced-6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e"
$ sudo update-grub && sudo reboot
<reboot>
$ uname -r
4.4.0-040400-generic
$ grub-install --version
grub-install (GRUB) 2.02~beta2-36ubuntu3.7
$ cat /etc/default/grub
# If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update
# /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
# For full documentation of the options in this file, see:
# info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration'
GRUB_DEFAULT="gnulinux-4.4.0-64-generic-advanced-6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e"
#GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true
GRUB_TIMEOUT=10
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
# Uncomment to enable BadRAM filtering, modify to suit your needs
# This works with Linux (no patch required) and with any kernel that obtains
# the memory map information from GRUB (GNU Mach, kernel of FreeBSD ...)
#GRUB_BADRAM="0x01234567,0xfefefefe,0x89abcdef,0xefefefef"
# Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only)
#GRUB_TERMINAL=console
# The resolution used on graphical terminal
# note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE
# you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo'
#GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480
# Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux
#GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true
# Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries
#GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
# Uncomment to get a beep at grub start
#GRUB_INIT_TUNE="480 440 1"
$ grep GRUB_DEFAULT /etc/default/grub
GRUB_DEFAULT="gnulinux-4.4.0-64-generic-advanced-6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e"
$ sudo update-grub && sudo reboot
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-040400-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-040400-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-64-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-64-generic
Adding boot menu entry for EFI firmware configuration
done
<reboot>
$ uname -r
4.4.0-040400-generic
$ cat /boot/grub/grub.cfg | grep -i "set default"
set default="${next_entry}"
set default="gnulinux-4.4.0-64-generic-advanced-6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e"
您能建议我该怎么做才能启动新的 4.4.0-64 内核吗？
编辑1：
$ sudo grub-mkconfig
Generating grub configuration file ...
#
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#
# It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
#
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then
set have_grubenv=true
load_env
fi
if [ "${next_entry}" ] ; then
set default="${next_entry}"
set next_entry=
save_env next_entry
set boot_once=true
else
set default="${saved_entry}"
fi
if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then
menuentry_id_option="--id"
else
menuentry_id_option=""
fi
export menuentry_id_option
if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then
set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}"
save_env saved_entry
set prev_saved_entry=
save_env prev_saved_entry
set boot_once=true
fi
function savedefault {
if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then
saved_entry="${chosen}"
save_env saved_entry
fi
}
function recordfail {
set recordfail=1
if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi
}
function load_video {
if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then
insmod all_video
else
insmod efi_gop
insmod efi_uga
insmod ieee1275_fb
insmod vbe
insmod vga
insmod video_bochs
insmod video_cirrus
fi
}
if [ x$feature_default_font_path = xy ] ; then
font=unicode
else
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt2'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2 6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e
fi
font="/usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2"
fi
if loadfont $font ; then
set gfxmode=auto
load_video
insmod gfxterm
set locale_dir=$prefix/locale
set lang=en_US
insmod gettext
fi
terminal_output gfxterm
if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ] ; then
set timeout=30
else
if [ x$feature_timeout_style = xy ] ; then
set timeout_style=menu
set timeout=10
# Fallback normal timeout code in case the timeout_style feature is
# unavailable.
else
set timeout=10
fi
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
set menu_color_normal=white/black
set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray
if background_color 44,0,30,0; then
clear
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
function gfxmode {
set gfxpayload="${1}"
if [ "${1}" = "keep" ]; then
set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=7
else
set vt_handoff=
fi
}
if [ "${recordfail}" != 1 ]; then
if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then
if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then
if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then
set linux_gfx_mode=keep
else
set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
else
set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
else
set linux_gfx_mode=keep
fi
else
set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
export linux_gfx_mode
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-040400-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-040400-generic
menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e' {
recordfail
savedefault
load_video
gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
insmod gzio
if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt2'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2 6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e
fi
linux /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-040400-generic root=UUID=6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e ro quiet splash $vt_handoff
initrd /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-040400-generic
}
submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e' {
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.4.0-040400-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.4.0-040400-generic-advanced-6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e' {
recordfail
savedefault
load_video
gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
insmod gzio
if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt2'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2 6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 4.4.0-040400-generic ...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-040400-generic root=UUID=6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e ro quiet splash $vt_handoff
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-040400-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.4.0-040400-generic (upstart)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.4.0-040400-generic-init-upstart-6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e' {
recordfail
savedefault
load_video
gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
insmod gzio
if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt2'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2 6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 4.4.0-040400-generic ...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-040400-generic root=UUID=6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e ro quiet splash $vt_handoff init=/sbin/upstart
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-040400-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.4.0-040400-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.4.0-040400-generic-recovery-6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e' {
recordfail
load_video
insmod gzio
if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt2'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2 6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 4.4.0-040400-generic ...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-040400-generic root=UUID=6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e ro recovery nomodeset
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-040400-generic
}
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-64-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-64-generic
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.4.0-64-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.4.0-64-generic-advanced-6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e' {
recordfail
savedefault
load_video
gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
insmod gzio
if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt2'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2 6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 4.4.0-64-generic ...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-64-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e ro quiet splash $vt_handoff
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-64-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.4.0-64-generic (upstart)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.4.0-64-generic-init-upstart-6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e' {
recordfail
savedefault
load_video
gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
insmod gzio
if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt2'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2 6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 4.4.0-64-generic ...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-64-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e ro quiet splash $vt_handoff init=/sbin/upstart
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-64-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.4.0-64-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.4.0-64-generic-recovery-6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e' {
recordfail
load_video
insmod gzio
if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt2'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2 6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 4.4.0-64-generic ...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-64-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=6fefb013-568e-483b-befe-6a84f0ce102e ro recovery nomodeset
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-64-generic
}
}
### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###
Adding boot menu entry for EFI firmware configuration
menuentry 'System setup' $menuentry_id_option 'uefi-firmware' {
fwsetup
}
### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
if [ -f ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then
source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg
elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then
source $prefix/custom.cfg;
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
done
$
答案1
我不是这方面的专家，但我发现了类似的信息，我认为您可以使用它来解决您的问题。
1）在终端运行：grep submenu /boot/grub/grub.cfg
2) 在列表中找到您的内核并注意它们的顺序。排序从“0”开始。因此列表中的第一个内核是“0”，第二个内核是“1”等等。
3) 然后运行sudo gedit /etc/default/grub，并到达行：GRUB_DEFAULT=
并使用步骤 2 中的信息，输入GRUB_DEFAULT=0（对于列表中的内核 0），或GRUB_DEFAULT=1（对于列表中的内核 1）等（或者根据的输出，输入您想要的内核的顺序号grep submenu /boot/grub/grub.cfg）。
4）sudo update-grub
5）重新启动。
这解决了你的问题吗？
答案2
一种解决方法是删除与上次内核更新重叠的内核。
列出可用的内核：
dpkg-query -l | awk '/linux-image-*/ {print $2}'
要删除内核：
sudo apt-get --purge remove linux-[replace reference]
在具体情况下：
sudo apt-get --purge remove linux-image-4.4.0-040400-generic
更新 grub 后
sudo update-grub
答案3
你的 GRUB_DEFAULT 对我来说看起来很奇怪。当我想启动旧内核时，我会使用这样的 GRUB_DEFAULT
GRUB_DEFAULT="Advanced options for Ubuntu>Ubuntu, with Linux 4.4.0-64-generic"