我安装了 Ubuntu 17，但安装完成后无法启动。我认为这是 MBR 的问题。我尝试再次安装，但出现错误
grub2 install failed: installing for i386-pc platform
grub2 -install :warning this GPT partition label contains no BIOS boot partition
........
这是我通过 fdisk 获得的结果
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 465.8 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 6E8908D7-867D-463E-BB38-54CEFD7EE6D3
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 2048 1050623 1048576 512M EFI System
/dev/sda2 1050624 975951871 974901248 464.9G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda3 975951872 976773119 821248 401M EFI System
我通过 gparted 创建了 sda3，希望能解决这个问题.....
以下是通过 bootinfoscript 获取的该机器的启动信息
Boot Info Script 0.61 [1 April 2012]
============================= Boot Info Summary: ===============================
=> No boot loader is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda.
=> Syslinux MBR (4.04 and higher) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdb.
sda1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: vfat
Boot sector type: FAT32
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files: /efi/ubuntu/fbx64.efi /efi/ubuntu/fwupx64.efi
/efi/ubuntu/grubx64.efi /efi/ubuntu/mmx64.efi
/efi/ubuntu/shimx64.efi
sda2: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ext4
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
Operating System: Ubuntu 17.04
Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab
sda3: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: vfat
Boot sector type: FAT32
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files:
sdb1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: vfat
Boot sector type: SYSLINUX 6.03
Boot sector info: Syslinux looks at sector 32800 of /dev/sdb1 for its
second stage. The integrity check of Syslinux failed.
No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /syslinux.cfg
/efi/BOOT/grubx64.efi /ldlinux.sys
============================ Drive/Partition Info: =============================
Drive: sda _____________________________________________________________________
Disk /dev/sda: 465.8 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System
/dev/sda1 1 976,773,167 976,773,167 ee GPT
GUID Partition Table detected.
Partition Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors System
/dev/sda1 2,048 1,050,623 1,048,576 EFI System partition
/dev/sda2 1,050,624 975,951,871 974,901,248 Data partition (Linux)
/dev/sda3 975,951,872 976,773,119 821,248 EFI System partition
Drive: sdb _____________________________________________________________________
Disk /dev/sdb: 14.9 GiB, 16008609792 bytes, 31266816 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System
/dev/sdb1 * 2,048 31,266,815 31,264,768 c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
"blkid" output: ________________________________________________________________
Device UUID TYPE LABEL
/dev/loop0 squashfs
/dev/sda1 EABD-5A0C vfat
/dev/sda2 f91f7d58-293a-4d58-90e0-10d6742bbab7 ext4
/dev/sda3 D47E-2B89 vfat BOOT
/dev/sdb1 38EC-7A88 vfat UBUNTU 17_0
================================ Mount points: =================================
Device Mount_Point Type Options
/dev/loop0 /rofs squashfs (ro,noatime)
/dev/sda1 /mnt vfat (rw,relatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro)
/dev/sdb1 /cdrom vfat (ro,noatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro)
=========================== sda2/boot/grub/grub.cfg: ===========================
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#
# It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
#
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then
set have_grubenv=true
load_env
fi
if [ "${next_entry}" ] ; then
set default="${next_entry}"
set next_entry=
save_env next_entry
set boot_once=true
else
set default="0"
fi
if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then
menuentry_id_option="--id"
else
menuentry_id_option=""
fi
export menuentry_id_option
if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then
set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}"
save_env saved_entry
set prev_saved_entry=
save_env prev_saved_entry
set boot_once=true
fi
function savedefault {
if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then
saved_entry="${chosen}"
save_env saved_entry
fi
}
function recordfail {
set recordfail=1
if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi
}
function load_video {
if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then
insmod all_video
else
insmod efi_gop
insmod efi_uga
insmod ieee1275_fb
insmod vbe
insmod vga
insmod video_bochs
insmod video_cirrus
fi
}
if [ x$feature_default_font_path = xy ] ; then
font=unicode
else
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt2'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2 f91f7d58-293a-4d58-90e0-10d6742bbab7
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root f91f7d58-293a-4d58-90e0-10d6742bbab7
fi
font="/usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2"
fi
if loadfont $font ; then
set gfxmode=auto
load_video
insmod gfxterm
set locale_dir=$prefix/locale
set lang=en_US
insmod gettext
fi
terminal_output gfxterm
if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ] ; then
set timeout=30
else
if [ x$feature_timeout_style = xy ] ; then
set timeout_style=hidden
set timeout=0
# Fallback hidden-timeout code in case the timeout_style feature is
# unavailable.
elif sleep --interruptible 0 ; then
set timeout=0
fi
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
set menu_color_normal=white/black
set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray
if background_color 44,0,30,0; then
clear
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
function gfxmode {
set gfxpayload="${1}"
if [ "${1}" = "keep" ]; then
set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=7
else
set vt_handoff=
fi
}
if [ "${recordfail}" != 1 ]; then
if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then
if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then
if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then
set linux_gfx_mode=keep
else
set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
else
set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
else
set linux_gfx_mode=keep
fi
else
set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
export linux_gfx_mode
menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-f91f7d58-293a-4d58-90e0-10d6742bbab7' {
recordfail
load_video
gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
insmod gzio
if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt2'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2 f91f7d58-293a-4d58-90e0-10d6742bbab7
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root f91f7d58-293a-4d58-90e0-10d6742bbab7
fi
linux /boot/vmlinuz-4.10.0-22-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=f91f7d58-293a-4d58-90e0-10d6742bbab7 ro quiet splash $vt_handoff
initrd /boot/initrd.img-4.10.0-22-generic
}
submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-f91f7d58-293a-4d58-90e0-10d6742bbab7' {
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.10.0-22-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.10.0-22-generic-advanced-f91f7d58-293a-4d58-90e0-10d6742bbab7' {
recordfail
load_video
gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
insmod gzio
if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt2'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2 f91f7d58-293a-4d58-90e0-10d6742bbab7
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root f91f7d58-293a-4d58-90e0-10d6742bbab7
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 4.10.0-22-generic ...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-4.10.0-22-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=f91f7d58-293a-4d58-90e0-10d6742bbab7 ro quiet splash $vt_handoff
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /boot/initrd.img-4.10.0-22-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.10.0-22-generic (upstart)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.10.0-22-generic-init-upstart-f91f7d58-293a-4d58-90e0-10d6742bbab7' {
recordfail
load_video
gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
insmod gzio
if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt2'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2 f91f7d58-293a-4d58-90e0-10d6742bbab7
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root f91f7d58-293a-4d58-90e0-10d6742bbab7
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 4.10.0-22-generic ...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-4.10.0-22-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=f91f7d58-293a-4d58-90e0-10d6742bbab7 ro quiet splash $vt_handoff init=/sbin/upstart
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /boot/initrd.img-4.10.0-22-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.10.0-22-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.10.0-22-generic-recovery-f91f7d58-293a-4d58-90e0-10d6742bbab7' {
recordfail
load_video
insmod gzio
if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt2'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2 f91f7d58-293a-4d58-90e0-10d6742bbab7
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root f91f7d58-293a-4d58-90e0-10d6742bbab7
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 4.10.0-22-generic ...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-4.10.0-22-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=f91f7d58-293a-4d58-90e0-10d6742bbab7 ro recovery nomodeset
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /boot/initrd.img-4.10.0-22-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.10.0-19-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.10.0-19-generic-advanced-f91f7d58-293a-4d58-90e0-10d6742bbab7' {
recordfail
load_video
gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
insmod gzio
if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt2'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2 f91f7d58-293a-4d58-90e0-10d6742bbab7
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root f91f7d58-293a-4d58-90e0-10d6742bbab7
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 4.10.0-19-generic ...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-4.10.0-19-generic root=UUID=f91f7d58-293a-4d58-90e0-10d6742bbab7 ro quiet splash $vt_handoff
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /boot/initrd.img-4.10.0-19-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.10.0-19-generic (upstart)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.10.0-19-generic-init-upstart-f91f7d58-293a-4d58-90e0-10d6742bbab7' {
recordfail
load_video
gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
insmod gzio
if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt2'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2 f91f7d58-293a-4d58-90e0-10d6742bbab7
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root f91f7d58-293a-4d58-90e0-10d6742bbab7
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 4.10.0-19-generic ...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-4.10.0-19-generic root=UUID=f91f7d58-293a-4d58-90e0-10d6742bbab7 ro quiet splash $vt_handoff init=/sbin/upstart
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /boot/initrd.img-4.10.0-19-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.10.0-19-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.10.0-19-generic-recovery-f91f7d58-293a-4d58-90e0-10d6742bbab7' {
recordfail
load_video
insmod gzio
if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt2'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2 f91f7d58-293a-4d58-90e0-10d6742bbab7
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root f91f7d58-293a-4d58-90e0-10d6742bbab7
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 4.10.0-19-generic ...'
linux /boot/vmlinuz-4.10.0-19-generic root=UUID=f91f7d58-293a-4d58-90e0-10d6742bbab7 ro recovery nomodeset
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /boot/initrd.img-4.10.0-19-generic
}
}
### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###
menuentry 'System setup' $menuentry_id_option 'uefi-firmware' {
fwsetup
}
### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
if [ -f ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then
source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg
elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then
source $prefix/custom.cfg;
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
=============================== sda2/etc/fstab: ================================
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
# / was on /dev/sda2 during installation
UUID=f91f7d58-293a-4d58-90e0-10d6742bbab7 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
# /boot/efi was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=EABD-5A0C /boot/efi vfat umask=0077 0 1
/swapfile none swap sw 0 0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
=================== sda2: Location of files loaded by Grub: ====================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
=========================== sdb1/boot/grub/grub.cfg: ===========================
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if loadfont /boot/grub/font.pf2 ; then
set gfxmode=auto
insmod efi_gop
insmod efi_uga
insmod gfxterm
terminal_output gfxterm
fi
set menu_color_normal=white/black
set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray
menuentry "Try Ubuntu without installing" {
set gfxpayload=keep
linux /casper/vmlinuz.efi file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper quiet splash ---
initrd /casper/initrd.lz
}
menuentry "Install Ubuntu" {
set gfxpayload=keep
linux /casper/vmlinuz.efi file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper only-ubiquity quiet splash ---
initrd /casper/initrd.lz
}
menuentry "OEM install (for manufacturers)" {
set gfxpayload=keep
linux /casper/vmlinuz.efi file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper only-ubiquity quiet splash oem-config/enable=true ---
initrd /casper/initrd.lz
}
menuentry "Check disc for defects" {
set gfxpayload=keep
linux /casper/vmlinuz.efi boot=casper integrity-check quiet splash ---
initrd /casper/initrd.lz
}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
============================== sdb1/syslinux.cfg: ==============================
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DEFAULT loadconfig
LABEL loadconfig
CONFIG /isolinux/isolinux.cfg
APPEND /isolinux/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
=================== sdb1: Location of files loaded by Grub: ====================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
================= sdb1: Location of files loaded by Syslinux: ==================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
========= Devices which don't seem to have a corresponding hard drive: =========
sdc
=============================== StdErr Messages: ===============================
cat: /tmp/BootInfo-sL74nTIK/Tmp_Log: No such file or directory
cat: /tmp/BootInfo-sL74nTIK/Tmp_Log: No such file or directory
cat: /tmp/BootInfo-sL74nTIK/Tmp_Log: No such file or directory
答案1
您需要在 efi 模式下安装 grub，尝试：
sudo apt-get 安装 grub-efi
安装-grub --target=x86_64-efi
如果您收到错误“找不到 EFI 目录”，则表示您已在 bios 模式下安装。
它可以转换，但是为了避免将来出现问题，也许只需重新安装。