我们如何直接在终端中知道文件的格式？有人能给我一些建议吗？
答案1
最常见的：
$ file mediafile.mkv
mediafile.mkv: Matroska data
$ file ~/.bashrc
/home/users/l/j/ljames/.bashrc: ASCII text
$ file /usr/bin/passwd
/usr/bin/passwd: setuid ELF 64-bit LSB shared object, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.32, BuildID[sha1]=84a7c6f14ce2ce87570911abd85e19ea45b6754b, stripped
$ file /usr/bin/java
/usr/bin/java: symbolic link to /etc/alternatives/java
$ file /etc/alternatives/java
/etc/alternatives/java: symbolic link to /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/bin/java
$ file /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/bin/java
/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/bin/java: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.9, BuildID[sha1]=c90f19ee0af98c47ccaa7181853cfd14867bc931, not stripped
对于媒体，您可以使用以下命令变体获取有关格式的更多详细信息：
$ identify ~/.bashrc
identify-im6.q16: no decode delegate for this image format `' @ error/constitute.c/ReadImage/504.
$ mediainfo mediafile.mkv
General
Unique ID : 158129335275244501904084975368798538245 (0x76F69A29135BD58AE99798A804250A05)
Complete name : mediafile.mkv
Format : Matroska
Format version : Version 4 / Version 2
File size : 64.9 MiB
Writing application : Lavf56.40.101
Writing library : Lavf56.40.101 / Lavf56.40.101
IsTruncated : Yes
Video
ID : 1
Format : AVC
Format/Info : Advanced Video Codec
Format profile : [email protected]
Format settings, CABAC : Yes
Format settings, ReFrames : 5 frames
Codec ID : V_MPEG4/ISO/AVC
Width : 1 280 pixels
Height : 720 pixels
Display aspect ratio : 16:9
Frame rate mode : Constant
Frame rate : 59.940 fps
Color space : YUV
Chroma subsampling : 4:2:0
Bit depth : 8 bits
Scan type : Progressive
Writing library : x264 core 148 r2643 5c65704
Encoding settings : cabac=1 / ref=5 / deblock=1:0:0 / analyse=0x3:0x113 / me=umh / subme=8 / psy=1 / psy_rd=1.00:0.00 / mixed_ref=1 / me_range=16 / chroma_me=1 / trellis=1 / 8x8dct=1 / cqm=0 / deadzone=21,11 / fast_pskip=1 / chroma_qp_offset=-2 / threads=12 / lookahead_threads=2 / sliced_threads=0 / nr=0 / decimate=1 / interlaced=0 / bluray_compat=0 / constrained_intra=0 / bframes=3 / b_pyramid=2 / b_adapt=2 / b_bias=0 / direct=3 / weightb=1 / open_gop=0 / weightp=2 / keyint=123 / keyint_min=20 / scenecut=40 / intra_refresh=0 / rc_lookahead=50 / rc=crf / mbtree=1 / crf=22.0 / qcomp=0.60 / qpmin=0 / qpmax=69 / qpstep=4 / ip_ratio=1.40 / aq=1:1.00
Default : Yes
Forced : No
Audio
ID : 2
Format : AC-3
Format/Info : Audio Coding 3
Mode extension : CM (complete main)
Format settings, Endianness : Big
Codec ID : A_AC3
Bit rate mode : Constant
Bit rate : 384 Kbps
Channel(s) : 6 channels
Channel positions : Front: L C R, Side: L R, LFE
Sampling rate : 48.0 KHz
Frame rate : 31.250 fps (1536 spf)
Compression mode : Lossy
Delay relative to video : -367ms
Language : English
Default : Yes
Forced : No
$ file image.png
image.png: PNG image data, 382 x 279, 8-bit/color RGBA, non-interlaced
$ identify image.png
image.png PNG 382x279 382x279+0+0 8-bit sRGB 52.2KB 0.000u 0:00.000
$ mediainfo image.png
General
Complete name : image.png
Format : PNG
Format/Info : Portable Network Graphic
File size : 51.0 KiB
Image
Format : PNG
Format/Info : Portable Network Graphic
Width : 382 pixels
Height : 279 pixels
Bit depth : 32 bits
Compression mode : Lossless
Stream size : 51.0 KiB (100%)
笔记：
这确认命令可能需要很长时间才能分析媒体文件，然后才能输出。输出详细信息也可能会填满多个屏幕。
更新
我列出了一些用于检查文件信息和格式的常用工具。存储库中的一个常用工具是外置工具.它将提供媒体文件格式的非常全面的细节。