你好，长期听众，第一次来电。
我有一个运行 16.04 LTS Desktop 的系统，其中的 Samba 共享大约在两个月前停止启动。我尝试重启、清除、重新安装，但都失败了。在此先感谢您提供的任何帮助。
请注意，我搜索到的最常见链接是针对 Ubuntu 升级到 16.04 后出现的类似问题，而我从未升级过。此外，涉及注释掉 smb.conf 的解决方案security = share不适username map = smbusers用于我的情况，因为这些从未出现在我的smb.conf文件中。
以下是一个例子：
user@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Setting up samba (2:4.3.11+dfsg-0ubuntu0.16.04.12) ...
Job for smbd.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
See "systemctl status smbd.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
invoke-rc.d: initscript smbd, action "start" failed.
● smbd.service - LSB: start Samba SMB/CIFS daemon (smbd)
Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/smbd; bad; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Sun 2018-01-28 12:49:10 EST; 7ms ago
Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
Process: 6851 ExecStart=/etc/init.d/smbd start (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Jan 28 12:48:39 ubuntu systemd[1]: Starting LSB: start Samba SMB/CIFS daemon (.....
Jan 28 12:49:10 ubuntu smbd[6851]: * Starting SMB/CIFS daemon smbd
Jan 28 12:49:10 ubuntu smbd[6851]: ...fail!
Jan 28 12:49:10 ubuntu systemd[1]: smbd.service: Control process exited, code=...=1
Jan 28 12:49:10 ubuntu systemd[1]: Failed to start LSB: start Samba SMB/CIFS d...).
Jan 28 12:49:10 ubuntu systemd[1]: smbd.service: Unit entered failed state.
Jan 28 12:49:10 ubuntu systemd[1]: smbd.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
dpkg: error processing package samba (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu10) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
samba
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
如果我尝试手动启动 samba，系统会告诉我该服务已被屏蔽：
user@ubuntu:~$ sudo systemctl restart samba
Failed to restart samba.service: Unit samba.service is masked.
单纯地揭露真相是没有用的。显然smbd.service这还没开始。
我怀疑当时我搞乱了文件权限，没有把东西恢复到原来的状态。无论如何，这是我最好的猜测。
非常感谢所有建议。
编辑并添加：
sudo systemctl restart samba-ad-dc没有输出，因此我认为重新启动后没有问题。
systemctl status samba-ad-dc输出：
user@ubuntu://$ systemctl status samba-ad-dc
● samba-ad-dc.service - LSB: start Samba daemons for the AD DC
Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/samba-ad-dc; bad; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (exited) since Sun 2018-01-28 14:25:40 EST; 16s ago
Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
Process: 4949 ExecStop=/etc/init.d/samba-ad-dc stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCE
Process: 4962 ExecStart=/etc/init.d/samba-ad-dc start (code=exited, status=0/SUC
Jan 28 14:25:40 SVR systemd[1]: Starting LSB: start Samba daemons for the AD DC...
Jan 28 14:25:40 SVR systemd[1]: Started LSB: start Samba daemons for the AD DC.
编辑＃2：
有用户提醒我 Samba 无法正常工作。请求的输出：
user@ubuntu://$ smbclient -L localhost
WARNING: The "syslog" option is deprecated
Enter user’s password:
Connection to localhost failed (Error NT_STATUS_CONNECTION_REFUSED)
编辑#3-4：
testparm 输出（我更正了 smb.conf 中的创建掩码错误以创建掩码，但没有任何改进）：
user@ubuntu://$ testparm
Load smb config files from /etc/samba/smb.conf
rlimit_max: increasing rlimit_max (1024) to minimum Windows limit (16384)
WARNING: The "syslog" option is deprecated
Processing section "[printers]"
Processing section "[print$]"
Processing section "[share]"
Loaded services file OK.
Server role: ROLE_STANDALONE
Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
# Global parameters
[global]
server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu)
server role = standalone server
obey pam restrictions = Yes
pam password change = Yes
passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* .
unix password sync = Yes
syslog = 0
log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
max log size = 10000
dns proxy = No
panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d
idmap config * : backend = tdb
read only = No
[printers]
comment = All Printers
path = /var/spool/samba
read only = Yes
create mask = 0700
printable = Yes
browseable = No
[print$]
comment = Printer Drivers
path = /var/lib/samba/printers
read only = Yes
[share]
comment = Ubuntu File Server Share
path = /media/4TB-A
create mask = 0755
guest ok = Yes
编辑#5a：
user@ubuntu://$ sudo apt-get install -f
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Setting up samba (2:4.3.11+dfsg-0ubuntu0.16.04.12) ...
Job for smbd.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status smbd.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
invoke-rc.d: initscript smbd, action "start" failed.
● smbd.service - LSB: start Samba SMB/CIFS daemon (smbd)
Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/smbd; bad; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Sun 2018-01-28 15:21:41 EST; 7ms ago
Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
Process: 5967 ExecStart=/etc/init.d/smbd start (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Jan 28 15:21:41 SVR systemd[1]: Starting LSB: start Samba SMB/CIFS daemon (smbd)...
Jan 28 15:21:41 SVR smbd[5967]: * Starting SMB/CIFS daemon smbd
Jan 28 15:21:41 SVR smbd[5967]: ...fail!
Jan 28 15:21:41 SVR systemd[1]: smbd.service: Control process exited, code=exited...s=1
Jan 28 15:21:41 SVR systemd[1]: Failed to start LSB: start Samba SMB/CIFS daemon ...d).
Jan 28 15:21:41 SVR systemd[1]: smbd.service: Unit entered failed state.
Jan 28 15:21:41 SVR systemd[1]: smbd.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
dpkg: error processing package samba (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu10) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
samba
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
编辑#5b：
user@ubuntu://$ sudo dpkg --configure -a
Setting up samba (2:4.3.11+dfsg-0ubuntu0.16.04.12) ...
Job for smbd.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status smbd.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
invoke-rc.d: initscript smbd, action "start" failed.
● smbd.service - LSB: start Samba SMB/CIFS daemon (smbd)
Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/smbd; bad; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Sun 2018-01-28 15:22:32 EST; 7ms ago
Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
Process: 6091 ExecStart=/etc/init.d/smbd start (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Jan 28 15:22:31 SVR systemd[1]: Starting LSB: start Samba SMB/CIFS daemon (smbd)...
Jan 28 15:22:31 SVR smbd[6091]: * Starting SMB/CIFS daemon smbd
Jan 28 15:22:32 SVR smbd[6091]: ...fail!
Jan 28 15:22:32 SVR systemd[1]: smbd.service: Control process exited, code=exited...s=1
Jan 28 15:22:32 SVR systemd[1]: Failed to start LSB: start Samba SMB/CIFS daemon ...d).
Jan 28 15:22:32 SVR systemd[1]: smbd.service: Unit entered failed state.
Jan 28 15:22:32 SVR systemd[1]: smbd.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
dpkg: error processing package samba (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu10) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
samba
编辑#6：
我真的很感谢您今天抽出时间帮助我，N0rbert。我很难通过 ssh 处理您的最后一个请求，但远程管理员进入了该框并让它正常工作。
user@ubuntu:/var/cache/apt/archives$ sudo dpkg -i --force-all /var/cache/apt/archives/samba_2%3a4.3.11+dfsg-0ubuntu0.16.04.12_amd64.deb
(Reading database ... 309686 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../samba_2%3a4.3.11+dfsg-0ubuntu0.16.04.12_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking samba (2:4.3.11+dfsg-0ubuntu0.16.04.12) over (2:4.3.11+dfsg-0ubuntu0.16.04.12) ...
Setting up samba (2:4.3.11+dfsg-0ubuntu0.16.04.12) ...
Job for smbd.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status smbd.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
invoke-rc.d: initscript smbd, action "start" failed.
● smbd.service - LSB: start Samba SMB/CIFS daemon (smbd)
Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/smbd; bad; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Sun 2018-01-28 16:48:22 EST; 6ms ago
Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
Process: 7175 ExecStart=/etc/init.d/smbd start (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Jan 28 16:48:22 SVR systemd[1]: Starting LSB: start Samba SMB/CIFS daemon (.....
Jan 28 16:48:22 SVR smbd[7175]: * Starting SMB/CIFS daemon smbd
Jan 28 16:48:22 SVR smbd[7175]: ...fail!
Jan 28 16:48:22 SVR systemd[1]: smbd.service: Control process exited, code=...=1
Jan 28 16:48:22 SVR systemd[1]: Failed to start LSB: start Samba SMB/CIFS d...).
Jan 28 16:48:22 SVR systemd[1]: smbd.service: Unit entered failed state.
Jan 28 16:48:22 SVR systemd[1]: smbd.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
dpkg: error processing package samba (--install):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu10) ...
Processing triggers for ufw (0.35-0ubuntu2) ...
Rules updated for profile 'OpenSSH'
Rules updated for profile 'Samba'
Firewall reloaded
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) ...
ureadahead will be reprofiled on next reboot
Processing triggers for systemd (229-4ubuntu21) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
samba
下一个：
user@ubuntu:/var/cache/apt/archives$ sudo apt-get install -f
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Setting up samba (2:4.3.11+dfsg-0ubuntu0.16.04.12) ...
Job for smbd.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status smbd.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
invoke-rc.d: initscript smbd, action "start" failed.
● smbd.service - LSB: start Samba SMB/CIFS daemon (smbd)
Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/smbd; bad; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Sun 2018-01-28 16:51:44 EST; 5ms ago
Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
Process: 8065 ExecStart=/etc/init.d/smbd start (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Jan 28 16:51:44 SVR systemd[1]: Starting LSB: start Samba SMB/CIFS daemon (smbd)...
Jan 28 16:51:44 SVR smbd[8065]: * Starting SMB/CIFS daemon smbd
Jan 28 16:51:44 SVR smbd[8065]: ...fail!
Jan 28 16:51:44 SVR systemd[1]: smbd.service: Control process exited, code=exited...s=1
Jan 28 16:51:44 SVR systemd[1]: Failed to start LSB: start Samba SMB/CIFS daemon ...d).
Jan 28 16:51:44 SVR systemd[1]: smbd.service: Unit entered failed state.
Jan 28 16:51:44 SVR systemd[1]: smbd.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
dpkg: error processing package samba (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu10) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
samba
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
下一个：
user@ubuntu:/var/cache/apt/archives$ sudo dpkg --configure -a
Setting up samba (2:4.3.11+dfsg-0ubuntu0.16.04.12) ...
Job for smbd.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status smbd.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
invoke-rc.d: initscript smbd, action "start" failed.
● smbd.service - LSB: start Samba SMB/CIFS daemon (smbd)
Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/smbd; bad; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Sun 2018-01-28 16:52:41 EST; 6ms ago
Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
Process: 8194 ExecStart=/etc/init.d/smbd start (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Jan 28 16:52:41 SVR systemd[1]: Starting LSB: start Samba SMB/CIFS daemon (smbd)...
Jan 28 16:52:41 SVR smbd[8194]: * Starting SMB/CIFS daemon smbd
Jan 28 16:52:41 SVR smbd[8194]: ...fail!
Jan 28 16:52:41 SVR systemd[1]: smbd.service: Control process exited, code=exited...s=1
Jan 28 16:52:41 SVR systemd[1]: Failed to start LSB: start Samba SMB/CIFS daemon ...d).
Jan 28 16:52:41 SVR systemd[1]: smbd.service: Unit entered failed state.
Jan 28 16:52:41 SVR systemd[1]: smbd.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
dpkg: error processing package samba (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu10) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
samba
我重新启动后发现没有任何改善或变化。我按照建议更改了 /etc/samba/smb.conf 文件，但没有任何变化。而且我确实有权限访问共享文件夹。
user@ubuntu:~$ ls -ld /media/4TB-A
drwxrwxr-x 1 user user 262144 Dec 31 1969 /media/4TB-A
我真的很茫然。
编辑#7：已解决！！！
用户 jelmer 让我检查 samba 日志/var/log/samba。奇怪的是，log.此文件夹中的一个文件最后一次修改是在本月初，其他文件也更早修改。该文件显示：
[2018/01/05 23:33:51.639673, 0] ../lib/util/util.c:285(directory_create_or_exist_strict)
invalid permissions on directory '/var/lib/samba/private/msg.sock': has 0704 should be 0700
msg.sock因此我按照消息指示将的权限更改为0700，然后在运行时服务启动sudo apt upgrade。成功。
感谢 jelner 让我更深入地了解了 sticks，特别感谢 N0rbert 今天花时间耐心索取更多信息，这让我学到了很多关于 samba 和系统服务的知识。向你们两人致敬。
答案1
在这里我将总结解决该问题的所有步骤：
在现代 Ubuntu 上，主要的 Samba 服务是
samba-ad-dc，用户可以重新启动它们并使用以下方式检查其状态sudo systemctl restart samba-ad-dc systemctl status samba-ad-dc可以使用以下命令显示所有 Samba 共享
smbclient -L localhost如果没有显示股票，可以
/etc/samba/smb.conf检查testparm要恢复 APT 和 dpkg 操作，可以运行
sudo apt-get install -f sudo dpkg --configure -a我们知道这些命令失败了，所以我们可以安装 Samba 包强制所有警告，然后再次恢复：
sudo dpkg -i --force-all /var/cache/apt/archives/samba_2%3a4.3.11+dfsg-0ubuntu0.16.04.12_amd64.deb sudo apt-get install -f sudo dpkg --configure -a如果没有其他帮助，请尝试使用这个
/etc/samba/smb.conf：# Global parameters [global] server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu) server role = standalone server map to guest = Bad User obey pam restrictions = Yes pam password change = Yes passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* . unix password sync = Yes syslog = 0 log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m max log size = 1000 dns proxy = No usershare allow guests = Yes panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d idmap config * : backend = tdb [printers] comment = All Printers path = /var/spool/samba create mask = 0700 printable = Yes browseable = No [print$] comment = Printer Drivers path = /var/lib/samba/printers [share] comment = Ubuntu File Server Share path = /media/4TB-A create mask = 0755 guest ok = Yes并确保您可以访问
/media/4TB-A（使用 检查ls -ld /media/4TB-A）。耶尔默关于日志的评论
/var/log/samba显示如下：[2018/01/05 23:33:51.639673, 0] ../lib/util/util.c:285(directory_create_or_exist_strict) invalid permissions on directory '/var/lib/samba/private/msg.sock': has 0704 should be 0700所以问题已经完全解决了
sudo chmod 0700 /var/lib/samba/private/msg.sock sudo apt-get upgrade