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并排安装了 2 个库，并且两者都需要。什么解决方案可以避免链接问题？

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并排安装了 2 个库，并且两者都需要。什么解决方案可以避免链接问题？

我在我的 ubuntu 16.04 机器上安装了两个版本的 openCV，一个是 openCV3，另一个是 openCV2.4，并且两者都需要。但是我现在无法编译用于 openCV3 的 C++ 代码。当尝试编译我的代码时，我遇到了大量的链接器错误，在安装 openvc2.4 之前，这些代码总是编译得很好

我得到的错误类型：

In file included from main.cpp:10:0:
/usr/local/include/opencv2/imgproc.hpp:4090:5: note: previous declaration ‘cv::ColormapTypes COLORMAP_PINK’
     COLORMAP_PINK = 10, //!< ![pink](pics/colormaps/colorscale_pink.jpg)
     ^
In file included from /usr/local/include/opencv2/opencv.hpp:59:0,
                 from include/faceDetection.h:6,
                 from main.cpp:11:
/usr/local/include/opencv2/contrib/contrib.hpp:980:24: error: redeclaration of ‘COLORMAP_HOT’
         COLORMAP_HOT = 11
                        ^
In file included from main.cpp:10:0:
/usr/local/include/opencv2/imgproc.hpp:4091:5: note: previous declaration ‘cv::ColormapTypes COLORMAP_HOT’
     COLORMAP_HOT = 11, //!< ![hot](pics/colormaps/colorscale_hot.jpg)
     ^
main.cpp: In function ‘int main(int, char**)’:
main.cpp:89:65: error: call of overloaded ‘createFisherFaceRecognizer()’ is ambiguous
     Ptr<BasicFaceRecognizer> model = createFisherFaceRecognizer();
                                                                 ^
In file included from /usr/local/include/opencv2/face.hpp:373:0,
                 from main.cpp:8:
/usr/local/include/opencv2/face/facerec.hpp:99:39: note: candidate: cv::Ptr<cv::face::BasicFaceRecognizer> cv::face::createFisherFaceRecognizer(int, double)
 CV_EXPORTS_W Ptr<BasicFaceRecognizer> createFisherFaceRecognizer(int num_components = 0, double threshold = DBL_MAX);
                                       ^
In file included from /usr/local/include/opencv2/opencv.hpp:59:0,
                 from include/faceDetection.h:6,
                 from main.cpp:11:
/usr/local/include/opencv2/contrib/contrib.hpp:963:38: note: candidate: cv::Ptr<cv::FaceRecognizer> cv::createFisherFaceRecognizer(int, double)
     CV_EXPORTS_W Ptr<FaceRecognizer> createFisherFaceRecognizer(int num_components = 0, double threshold = DBL_MAX);
                          ^
main.cpp:93:48: error: no matching function for call to ‘cv::face::BasicFaceRecognizer::train(std::vector<cv::Mat>&, std::vector<int>&)’
     model->train(trainImages, labelsTrainImages);
                                                ^
In file included from main.cpp:8:0:
/usr/local/include/opencv2/face.hpp:207:26: note: candidate: virtual void cv::face::FaceRecognizer::train(int, int)
     CV_WRAP virtual void train(InputArrayOfArrays src, InputArray labels) = 0;
                          ^
/usr/local/include/opencv2/face.hpp:207:26: note:   no known conversion for argument 1 from ‘std::vector<cv::Mat>’ to ‘int’
main.cpp:123:64: error: no matching function for call to ‘cv::face::BasicFaceRecognizer::predict(cv::Mat&, int&, double&)’
                 model->predict(face, predictedLabel, confidence);
                                                                ^
In file included from main.cpp:8:0:
/usr/local/include/opencv2/face.hpp:259:35: note: candidate: int cv::face::FaceRecognizer::predict(int) const
     CV_WRAP_AS(predict_label) int predict(InputArray src) const;

我编译的命令：

g++ src/faceDetection.cpp src/faceRecognition.cpp main.cpp -L/usr/local/lib -lopencv_stitching -lopencv_superres -lopencv_videostab -lopencv_aruco -lopencv_bgsegm               -lopencv_bioinspired -lopencv_ccalib -lopencv_dpm -lopencv_fuzzy -lopencv_line_descriptor -lopencv_optflow -lopencv_reg -lopencv_saliency -lopencv_stereo               -lopencv_structured_light -lopencv_phase_unwrapping -lopencv_rgbd -lopencv_surface_matching -lopencv_tracking -lopencv_datasets -lopencv_text -lopencv_face -lopencv_plot               -lopencv_dnn -lopencv_xfeatures2d -lopencv_shape -lopencv_video -lopencv_ximgproc -lopencv_calib3d -lopencv_features2d -lopencv_flann -lopencv_xobjdetect               -lopencv_objdetect -lopencv_ml -lopencv_xphoto -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_videoio -lopencv_imgcodecs -lopencv_photo -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_core -o main

这是 /usr/local/include 的样子：

$ ls /usr/local/include/
        folly  opencv  opencv2  wangle

$ls /usr/local/include/opencv
        cvaux.h  cvaux.hpp  cv.h  cv.hpp  cvwimage.h  cxcore.h  cxcore.hpp  cxeigen.hpp  cxmisc.h  highgui.h  ml.h

$ ls /usr/local/include/opencv2
        aruco            contrib     dpm.hpp         fuzzy.hpp      imgproc.hpp          ocl                   plot.hpp      stereo.hpp            text          videostab
        aruco.hpp        core        face            gpu            legacy               opencv.hpp            reg           stitching             text.hpp      videostab.hpp
        bgsegm.hpp       core.hpp    face.hpp        hdf            line_descriptor      opencv_modules.hpp    rgbd          stitching.hpp         tracking      xfeatures2d
        bioinspired      cvconfig.h  features2d      hdf.hpp        line_descriptor.hpp  optflow               rgbd.hpp      structured_light      tracking.hpp  xfeatures2d.hpp
        bioinspired.hpp  cvv         features2d.hpp  highgui        ml                   optflow.hpp           saliency      structured_light.hpp  ts            ximgproc
        calib3d          cvv.hpp     flann           highgui.hpp    ml.hpp               phase_unwrapping      saliency.hpp  superres              video         ximgproc.hpp
        calib3d.hpp      datasets    flann.hpp       imgcodecs      nonfree              phase_unwrapping.hpp  shape         superres.hpp          video.hpp     xobjdetect.hpp
        ccalib           dnn         freetype.hpp    imgcodecs.hpp  objdetect            photo                 shape.hpp     surface_matching      videoio       xphoto
        ccalib.hpp       dnn.hpp     fuzzy           imgproc        objdetect.hpp        photo.hpp             stereo        surface_matching.hpp  videoio.hpp   xphoto.hpp

/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu 的内容：http://paste.ubuntu.com/25261998/。

答案1

OpenCV3 将其标头安装到一个opencv用于版本 3 内容的文件夹和一个opencv2用于向后兼容内容的文件夹中。当您在 OpenCV3 之后构建并安装 OpenCV2.4 时，您可能确实覆盖了标头。库本身有版本，但标头没有。

我不确定安装这两个版本是否有意义，但如果您有理由，请卸载这两个版本以避免混乱，在默认位置重新安装 OpenCV3，然后为 OpenCV2 选择不同的路径前缀，例如/opt/opencv2.

然后，当针对 OpenCV2 构建某些内容时，提供/opt/opencv2/include包含路径和设置LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/opencv2/lib（用于构建和执行）。

如果您使用cmake它来构建项目，则必须调整（或创建）脚本FindOpencv.cmake。

答案2

在 Gentoo 中，我们支持插槽...这意味着我们可以在同一个系统中同时存在一个软件包的不同版本。

这是可能的，因为我们的包管理器（portage）使用包中的通用名称和版本的不同名称创建符号链接。

例如，如果您有 python 2 和 3...则只有一个被调用的符号链接python指向特定版本（2 或 3），并且您有一个脚本来处理哪个版本是符号链接指向的。

我想您可以对标头执行相同的操作，创建一个opencv.h并拥有两个不同的标头文件...然后您可以将原始文件链接到您的 .h 文件之一。

如果您不想自己做并创建与我们已有的逻辑相同的逻辑，您可以尝试一下 gentoo。

答案3

在您的共享库文件夹中，两个版本的 so 文件均已安装。当您指定 -l 时，gcc默认为更高的 SONAME - 在您的情况下似乎是 2.4 。或许这Stack Overflow 上的答案可以帮助您（恕我直言，第二个答案是最好的）。

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