apt-get -f install 无法更正依赖关系

Question

我想我找到了答案。虽然过程缓慢而痛苦，但我希望它能帮助我找到答案。（我已经完成了一部分）。

1)首先，我删除了尽可能多的软件包dpkg -r（例如，所有的 texlive 软件包都不是系统关键的，我可以稍后重新安装它们，所以我清理了尽可能多的软件包。

2）对于实际属于系统的软件包，我使用了以下步骤：

a) 用于sudo apt-get -f install检查什么地方仍然损坏。

ralmond@Limu:~/packageDepot$ sudo apt-get -f install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... failed.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libglib2.0-bin : Depends: libglib2.0-0 (= 2.56.1-2ubuntu1) but 2.48.2-0ubuntu1 is installed
 libhtml-parser-perl : Depends: perl (>= 5.26.0-4) but 5.22.1-9ubuntu0.5 is installed
                   Depends: perlapi-5.26.0
 libnet-ssleay-perl : Depends: perl (>= 5.26.1-4build1) but 5.22.1-9ubuntu0.5 is installed
                  Depends: perlapi-5.26.1
 libxml-parser-perl : Depends: perl (>= 5.26.0-4) but 5.22.1-9ubuntu0.5 is installed
                  Depends: perlapi-5.26.0
 systemd : Depends: libsystemd0 (= 229-4ubuntu21.2) but 237-3ubuntu10 is installed
E: Error, pkgProblemResolver::Resolve generated breaks, this may be caused by held packages.
E: Unable to correct dependencies

2) 每次处理一个包，apt-get install检查缺少的依赖项。列表中的下一个是 glib2，因此：

ralmond@Limu:~/packageDepot$ sudo apt-get install libglib2.0-0
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
   libglib2.0-0 : Breaks: libglib2.0-0:i386 (!= 2.56.1-2ubuntu1) but 2.48.2-0ubuntu1 is to be installed
   libglib2.0-0:i386 : Breaks: libglib2.0-0 (!= 2.48.2-0ubuntu1) but 2.56.1-2ubuntu1 is to be installed
   libhtml-parser-perl : Depends: perl (>= 5.26.0-4) but 5.22.1-9ubuntu0.5 is to be installed
   ... 
   E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

啊！i386 版本有依赖关系。再次运行检查 i386 版本是否没有任何依赖关系。

ralmond@Limu:~/packageDepot$ sudo apt-get install libglib2.0-0 libglib2.0-0:i386
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
   libhtml-parser-perl : Depends: perl (>= 5.26.0-4) but 5.22.1-9ubuntu0.5 is to be installed
   ... [Same list of packages]
   E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

接下来，我使用手动下载文件apt-get download。注意，不要以 root 身份运行，否则没有则无法删除文件sudo。

ralmond@Limu:~/packageDepot$ apt-get download libglib2.0-0 libglib2.0- 0:i386
Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libglib2.0-0 amd64 2.56.1-2ubuntu1 [1,167 kB]
Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main i386 libglib2.0-0 i386 2.56.1-2ubuntu1 [1,232 kB]
Fetched 2,399 kB in 7s (323 kB/s)

现在使用手动安装dpkg -i。

ralmond@Limu:~/packageDepot$ sudo dpkg -i ./libglib*
(Reading database ... 421587 files and directories currently installed.)
 Preparing to unpack .../libglib2.0-0_2.56.1-2ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
 De-configuring libglib2.0-0:i386 (2.48.2-0ubuntu1) ...
 Unpacking libglib2.0-0:amd64 (2.56.1-2ubuntu1) over (2.48.2-0ubuntu1) ...
 Preparing to unpack .../libglib2.0-0_2.56.1-2ubuntu1_i386.deb ...
 Unpacking libglib2.0-0:i386 (2.56.1-2ubuntu1) over (2.48.2-0ubuntu1) ...
 Setting up libglib2.0-0:amd64 (2.56.1-2ubuntu1) ...
 Setting up libglib2.0-0:i386 (2.56.1-2ubuntu1) ...
 Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...

现在回过头来apt-get -f install解决下一个问题。

如果我发现需要更多步骤，我会更新。

Answer 1