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如何在 Bash 脚本中转义双引号字符串内的单引号？

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如何在 Bash 脚本中转义双引号字符串内的单引号？

我正在尝试运行以下 bash 代码：

#!/bin/bash
export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive

DB_USER='abc'
DB_USER_PASSWORD='123'
DB_MAGENTO='db_magento'

sudo apt-get update  
echo debconf mysql-server/root_password password $DB_USER_PASSWORD | sudo debconf-set-selections
echo debconf mysql-server/root_password_again password $DB_USER_PASSWORD | sudo debconf-set-selections        
sudo apt-get -qq install mysql-server > /dev/null # Install MySQL quietly
sudo mysql -uroot -p123  -e "CREATE SCHEMA ${DB_MAGENTO} DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8;SHOW DATABASES;CREATE USER \'${DB_USER}\'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY ${DB_USER_PASSWORD};GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON * . * TO \'${DB_USER}\'@'localhost'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;SELECT Host,User,Password FROM mysql.user;"

我收到的错误ERROR at line 1: Unknown command '\''. 似乎与有关\'${DB_USER}\'。

如何正确地转义这些单引号？

更新

根据@Sergiy 的建议，我收到了另一个错误：

#!/bin/bash
export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive

DB_USER='ila'
DB_USER_PASSWORD='123'
DB_MAGENTO='db_magento'

    mysql -uroot -p123  -e "SHOW DATABASES;CREATE USER '${DB_USER}'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY ${DB_USER_PASSWORD};GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON * . * TO '${DB_USER}'@'localhost'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;SELECT Host,User,Password FROM mysql.user;"

错误：

$ sudo ./installMagento.sh 
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| db_magento         |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
ERROR 1064 (42000) at line 1: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '123' at line 1

答案1

您不需要使用\双引号：

$ DB_USER='abc'; echo "test '${DB_USER}'"
test 'abc'

或者，您可以断开双引号，并转义单引号 - 这是必要的地方：

$ DB_USER='abc';  echo "test"\'"${DB_USER}"\'
test'abc'

另一种方法是使用printf命令替换并使用引号的十六进制值（\x27）：

sudo mysql -uroot -p123  -e "$(printf 'CREATE SCHEMA \x27%s\x27 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8;SHOW DATABASES;CREATE USER \x27%s\x27@\x27localhost\x27 IDENTIFIED BY %s ; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON * . * TO \x27%s\x27@'localhost'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;SELECT Host,User,Password FROM mysql.user;' ${DB_MAGENTO} ${DB_USER} ${DB_USER_PASSWORD}  ${DB_USER})"

附注：脚本中有 3 条命令调用sudo。这是多余的。只需以 方式运行整个脚本，sudo myscript.sh无需sudo在每行中添加内容。

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