我之前在 ubuntu 16.04 下一切正常，但在安装常规更新并重新启动后，我的 HDMI 端口似乎消失了 - 运行 xrandr 报告以下内容：
Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 1920 x 1080, maximum 8192 x 8192
eDP-1 connected primary 1920x1080+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 344mm x 193mm
1920x1080 60.06*+ 60.01 59.97 59.96 59.93 40.04
1680x1050 59.95 59.88
1600x1024 60.17
1400x1050 59.98
1600x900 59.99 59.94 59.95 59.82
1280x1024 60.02
1440x900 59.89
1400x900 59.96 59.88
1280x960 60.00
1440x810 60.00 59.97
1368x768 59.88 59.85
1360x768 59.80 59.96
1280x800 59.99 59.97 59.81 59.91
1152x864 60.00
1280x720 60.00 59.99 59.86 59.74
1024x768 60.04 60.00
960x720 60.00
928x696 60.05
896x672 60.01
1024x576 59.95 59.96 59.90 59.82
960x600 59.93 60.00
960x540 59.96 59.99 59.63 59.82
800x600 60.00 60.32 56.25
840x525 60.01 59.88
864x486 59.92 59.57
800x512 60.17
700x525 59.98
800x450 59.95 59.82
640x512 60.02
720x450 59.89
700x450 59.96 59.88
640x480 60.00 59.94
720x405 59.51 58.99
684x384 59.88 59.85
680x384 59.80 59.96
640x400 59.88 59.98
576x432 60.06
640x360 59.86 59.83 59.84 59.32
512x384 60.00
512x288 60.00 59.92
480x270 59.63 59.82
400x300 60.32 56.34
432x243 59.92 59.57
320x240 60.05
360x202 59.51 59.13
320x180 59.84 59.32
lspci -v报告：
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v6/7th Gen Core Processor Host Bridge/DRAM Registers (rev 08)
Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Xeon E3-1200 v6/7th Gen Core Processor Host Bridge/DRAM Registers
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0
Capabilities: <access denied>
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation UHD Graphics 620 (rev 07) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company UHD Graphics 620
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 132
Memory at b2000000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M]
Memory at c0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]
I/O ports at 5000 [size=64]
[virtual] Expansion ROM at 000c0000 [disabled] [size=128K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: i915
Kernel modules: i915
00:04.0 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor Thermal Subsystem (rev 08)
Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor Thermal Subsystem
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 16
Memory at b4320000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=32K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: proc_thermal
Kernel modules: processor_thermal_device
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP USB 3.0 xHCI Controller (rev 21) (prog-if 30 [XHCI])
Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Sunrise Point-LP USB 3.0 xHCI Controller
Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 0, IRQ 127
Memory at b4310000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=64K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: xhci_hcd
00:14.2 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP Thermal subsystem (rev 21)
Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Sunrise Point-LP Thermal subsystem
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 18
Memory at b4332000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: intel_pch_thermal
Kernel modules: intel_pch_thermal
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP CSME HECI #1 (rev 21)
Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Sunrise Point-LP CSME HECI
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 133
Memory at b4333000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: mei_me
Kernel modules: mei_me
00:17.0 SATA controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP SATA Controller [AHCI mode] (rev 21) (prog-if 01 [AHCI 1.0])
Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Sunrise Point-LP SATA Controller [AHCI mode]
Flags: bus master, 66MHz, medium devsel, latency 0, IRQ 129
Memory at b4330000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=8K]
Memory at b4336000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256]
I/O ports at 5080 [size=8]
I/O ports at 5088 [size=4]
I/O ports at 5060 [size=32]
Memory at b4334000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=2K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: ahci
Kernel modules: ahci
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP PCI Express Root Port #1 (rev f1) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 122
Bus: primary=00, secondary=01, subordinate=01, sec-latency=0
I/O behind bridge: 00004000-00004fff
Memory behind bridge: b3000000-b3ffffff
Prefetchable memory behind bridge: 00000000a0000000-00000000b1ffffff
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
Kernel modules: shpchp
00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP PCI Express Root Port #5 (rev f1) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 123
Bus: primary=00, secondary=02, subordinate=02, sec-latency=0
I/O behind bridge: 00006000-00006fff
Memory behind bridge: b4200000-b42fffff
Prefetchable memory behind bridge: 0000000090100000-00000000902fffff
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
Kernel modules: shpchp
00:1c.5 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP PCI Express Root Port #6 (rev f1) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 124
Bus: primary=00, secondary=03, subordinate=03, sec-latency=0
I/O behind bridge: 00003000-00003fff
Memory behind bridge: b4100000-b41fffff
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
Kernel modules: shpchp
00:1d.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP PCI Express Root Port #9 (rev f1) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 125
Bus: primary=00, secondary=04, subordinate=04, sec-latency=0
I/O behind bridge: 00007000-00007fff
Memory behind bridge: 90300000-904fffff
Prefetchable memory behind bridge: 0000000090500000-00000000906fffff
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
Kernel modules: shpchp
00:1d.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Device 9d1b (rev f1) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 126
Bus: primary=00, secondary=05, subordinate=05, sec-latency=0
Memory behind bridge: b4000000-b40fffff
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
Kernel modules: shpchp
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Intel(R) 100 Series Chipset Family LPC Controller/eSPI Controller - 9D4E (rev 21)
Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Device 83f9
Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 0
00:1f.2 Memory controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP PMC (rev 21)
Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Sunrise Point-LP PMC
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0
Memory at b432c000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
00:1f.3 Audio device: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP HD Audio (rev 21)
Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Sunrise Point-LP HD Audio
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 32, IRQ 135
Memory at b4328000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
Memory at b4300000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=64K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel, snd_soc_skl
00:1f.4 SMBus: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP SMBus (rev 21)
Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Sunrise Point-LP SMBus
Flags: medium devsel, IRQ 11
Memory at b4335000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256]
I/O ports at 5040 [size=32]
Kernel modules: i2c_i801
01:00.0 3D controller: NVIDIA Corporation GM108M [GeForce 940MX] (rev a2)
Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company GM108M [GeForce 940MX]
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 131
Memory at b3000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M]
Memory at a0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]
Memory at b0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=32M]
I/O ports at 4000 [size=128]
Expansion ROM at <ignored> [disabled]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: nouveau
Kernel modules: nvidiafb, nouveau
02:00.0 Unassigned class [ff00]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTS522A PCI Express Card Reader (rev 01)
Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company RTS522A PCI Express Card Reader
Physical Slot: 4
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 128
Memory at b4200000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: rtsx_pci
Kernel modules: rtsx_pci
03:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 15)
Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 17
I/O ports at 3000 [size=256]
Memory at b4104000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K]
Memory at b4100000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: r8169
Kernel modules: r8169
05:00.0 Network controller: Intel Corporation Dual Band Wireless-AC 3168NGW [Stone Peak] (rev 10)
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device 2110
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 134
Memory at b4000000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=8K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: iwlwifi
Kernel modules: iwlwifi
运行nvidia-settings失败，并显示错误“错误：无法从任何可用系统加载信息”，即使sudo prime-select nvidia表明已设置 nvidia 配置文件。
我尝试重新安装所有 nvidia 驱动程序并升级到 ubuntu 18.04，但没有成功。
答案1
看来我仍在以某种方式使用免费驱动程序。
sudo apt purge nvidia*
sudo apt install nvidia-390
重新启动解决了我的问题。