我的设置如下：我的用户通过网络身份验证登录，其主目录已安装 NFS（所有这些都在 ubuntu 16.04 上）。
我正在尝试设置我的机器，以便运行多个apt命令，update如install：
update失败E: Unable to change to /home/$user/ - chdir (13: Permission denied)。我设法用这个答案， 基本上cd /install警告我：dpkg: warning: failed to open configuration file '/home/zr258722/.dpkg.cfg' for reading: Permission denied。
我应该如何消除这些错误/警告？
编辑
我正在运行的确切命令及其输出是：
sudo apt-get update这使：
Ign:1 http://$intranet/depots/infogerance/ubuntu/drf-i2bm_pilote xenial-security InRelease
Ign:2 http://$intranet/depots/infogerance/ubuntu/drf-i2bm_pilote xenial-updates InRelease
Ign:3 http://$intranet/depots/infogerance/ubuntu/drf-i2bm_pilote xenial InRelease
Ign:4 http://$intranet/depots/infogerance/ubuntu/saclay_pilote xenial-security InRelease
Ign:5 http://$intranet/depots/infogerance/ubuntu/saclay_pilote xenial-updates InRelease
Ign:6 http://$intranet/depots/infogerance/ubuntu/saclay_pilote xenial InRelease
Ign:7 http://$intranet/depots/neurodebian/current data InRelease
Ign:8 http://$intranet/depots/neurodebian/current xenial InRelease
Ign:9 http://$intranet/depots/ubuntu/current xenial-security InRelease
Ign:10 http://$intranet/depots/ubuntu/current xenial-updates InRelease
Ign:11 http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable InRelease
Ign:12 http://$intranet/depots/ubuntu/current xenial InRelease
Hit:13 http://$intranet/depots/infogerance/ubuntu/drf-i2bm_pilote xenial-security Release
Hit:14 http://$intranet/depots/infogerance/ubuntu/drf-i2bm_pilote xenial-updates Release
Hit:15 http://$intranet/depots/infogerance/ubuntu/drf-i2bm_pilote xenial Release
Hit:16 http://$intranet/depots/infogerance/ubuntu/saclay_pilote xenial-security Release
Hit:17 http://$intranet/depots/infogerance/ubuntu/saclay_pilote xenial-updates Release
Hit:18 http://$intranet/depots/infogerance/ubuntu/saclay_pilote xenial Release
Hit:19 http://$intranet/depots/neurodebian/current data Release
Hit:20 http://$intranet/depots/neurodebian/current xenial Release
Hit:21 http://$intranet/depots/ubuntu/current xenial-security Release
Hit:22 http://$intranet/depots/ubuntu/current xenial-updates Release
Hit:23 http://$intranet/depots/ubuntu/current xenial Release
Hit:24 http://ppa.launchpad.net/jonathonf/python-3.6/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Hit:25 http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable Release
Hit:26 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/atom/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Hit:28 http://repository.spotify.com stable InRelease
Reading package lists... Done
E: Unable to change to /home/$user/ - chdir (13: Permission denied)
- 例如
sudo apt-get python3.6：
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
libpython3-dev libpython3.5-dev libpython3.6 libpython3.6-dev python3.5-dev
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
Suggested packages:
python3.6-venv python3.6-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
python3.6
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/246 kB of archives.
After this operation, 336 kB of additional disk space will be used.
dpkg: warning: failed to open configuration file '/home/$user/.dpkg.cfg' for reading: Permission denied
Selecting previously unselected package python3.6.
(Reading database ... 375863 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../python3.6_3.6.8-1~16.04.york1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking python3.6 (3.6.8-1~16.04.york1) ...
Processing triggers for bamfdaemon (0.5.3~bzr0+16.04.20180209-0ubuntu1) ...
Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf-2.index...
Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.13.3-6ubuntu3.1) ...
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.22-1ubuntu5.2) ...
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.59ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
dpkg: warning: failed to open configuration file '/home/$user/.dpkg.cfg' for reading: Permission denied
Setting up python3.6 (3.6.8-1~16.04.york1) ...
dpkg: warning: failed to open configuration file '/home/$user/.dpkg.cfg' for reading: Permission denied
dpkg: warning: failed to open configuration file '/home/$user/.dpkg.cfg' for reading: Permission denied
答案1
您的主文件夹至少应具有以下权限：u=rwx,g=r,o=r，运行chmod 0711 /home/$user
答案2
通常，root 没有权限访问 NFS 挂载，除非为导出设置了 no_root_squash，否则 apt-get 会在 root 上下文中使用 sudo 运行，无法访问主目录。这是一个烦人但无害的警告，可以忽略。
答案3
有时安装时看起来好像不是用户而是程序在请求权限。您可以尝试将有问题的文件夹的权限更改为
chmod 777 offending_foldername
这将使所有用户都具有读取、写入和执行权限。如果这解决了问题，那么您可能会更深入地研究并出于网络安全原因修复该问题。