今天我执行sudo apt update并sudo apt upgrade升级我的操作系统。它下载了大约 300MB 的文件。升级后，它显示以下内容：
Errors were encountered while processing:
nfs-common
samba-common
cups-daemon
postgresql-10
cups-core-drivers
winbind
libpam-winbind:amd64
samba
samba-common-bin
linux-firmware
libnss-winbind:amd64
cups
linux-image-generic
linux-generic
我认为这可能是依赖关系的问题，所以我执行了命令 sudo apt install -f。 它给出了更多错误：
eading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
linux-image-4.4.0-146-generic linux-modules-4.4.0-146-generic
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
16 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Setting up samba-common (2:4.7.6+dfsg~ubuntu-0ubuntu2.10) ...
dpkg: error processing package samba-common (--configure):
installed samba-common package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 10
Setting up cups-daemon (2.2.7-1ubuntu2.5) ...
/var/lib/dpkg/info/cups-daemon.postinst: 150: /var/lib/dpkg/info/cups-daemon.postinst: update-rc.d: not found
dpkg: error processing package cups-daemon (--configure):
installed cups-daemon package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 127
Setting up postgresql-10 (10.8-0ubuntu0.18.04.1) ...
/var/lib/dpkg/info/postgresql-10.postinst: 110: /var/lib/dpkg/info/postgresql-10.postinst: invoke-rc.d: not found
dpkg: error processing package postgresql-10 (--configure):
installed postgresql-10 package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 127
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of cups-core-drivers:
cups-core-drivers depends on cups-daemon (>= 2.2.7-1ubuntu2.5); however:
Package cups-daemon is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package cups-core-drivers (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of winbind:
winbind depends on samba-common (= 2:4.7.6+dfsg~ubuntu-0ubuntu2.10); however:
Package samba-common is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package winbind (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Setting up auditd (1:2.8.2-1ubuntu1) ...
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
/var/lib/dpkg/info/auditd.postinst: 62: /var/lib/dpkg/info/auditd.postinst: update-rc.d: not found
dpkg: error processing package auditd (--configure):
installed auditd package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 127
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libpam-winbind:amd64:
libpam-winbind:amd64 depends on samba-common (= 2:4.7.6+dfsg~ubuntu-0ubuntu2.10); however:
Package samba-common is not configured yet.
libpam-winbind:amd64 depends on winbind (= 2:4.7.6+dfsg~ubuntu-0ubuntu2.10); however:
Package winbind is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package libpam-winbind:amd64 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of samba:
samba depends on samba-common (= 2:4.7.6+dfsg~ubuntu-0ubuntu2.10); however:
Package samba-common is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package samba (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of samba-common-bin:
samba-common-bNo apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
in depends on samba-common (= 2:4.7.6+dfsg~ubuntu-0ubuntu2.10); however:
Package samba-common is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package samba-common-bin (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Setting up linux-firmware (1.173.6) ...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-48-generic
/usr/sbin/update-initramfs: 157: /usr/sbin/update-initramfs: mkinitramfs: not found
update-initramfs: failed for /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-48-generic with 127.
dpkg: error processing package linux-firmware (--configure):
installed linux-firmware package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 127
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
Setting up rpcbind (0.2.3-0.6) ...
/var/lib/dpkg/info/rpcbind.postinst: 92: /var/lib/dpkg/info/rpcbind.postinst: update-rc.d: not found
dpkg: error processing package rpcbind (--configure):
installed rpcbind package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 127
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libnss-winbind:amd64:
libnss-winbind:amd64 depends on samba-common (= 2:4.7.6+dfsg~ubuntu-0ubuntu2.10); however:
Package samba-common is not configured yet.
libnss-winbind:amd64 depends on winbind (= 2:4.7.6+dfsg~ubuntu-0ubuntu2.10); however:
Package winbind is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package libnss-winbind:amd64 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of nfs-common:
nfs-common depends on rpcbind; however:
Package rpcbind is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package nfs-common (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of cups:
cups depends on cups-core-drivers (>= 2.2.7-1ubuntu2.5); however:
Package cups-core-drivers is not configured yet.
cups depends on cups-daemon (>= 2.2.7-1ubuntu2.5); however:
Package cups-daemon is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package cups (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-generic:
linux-image-generic depends on linux-firmware; however:
Package linux-firmware is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-generic (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-generic:
linux-generic depends on linux-image-generic (= 4.15.0.50.52); however:
Package linux-image-generic is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package linux-generic (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
Errors were encountered while processing:
samba-common
cups-daemon
postgresql-10
cups-core-drivers
winbind
auditd
libpam-winbind:amd64
samba
samba-common-bin
linux-firmware
rpcbind
libnss-winbind:amd64
nfs-common
cups
linux-image-generic
linux-generic
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
我的操作系统版本是：
Linux MyUbuntu105 4.15.0-48-generic #51-Ubuntu SMP Wed Apr 3 08:28:49 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
我刚刚将操作系统从 16.04 升级到 18.04，这会导致这个问题吗？我该如何修复它？谢谢！
答案1
上述错误表明您错过了update-rc.d、invoke-rc.d和mkinitramfs。
您可以使用以下方式安装它们
sudo apt-get install init-system-helpers initramfs-tools-core
（查看软件包文件列表 -init-system-helpers以及initramfs-tools-core）
如果失败则使用以下命令手动安装此包dpkg：
cd ~/Downloads
apt-get download init-system-helpers initramfs-tools-core
sudo dpkg -i --force-all init-system-helpers*.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-all initramfs-tools-core*.deb
最后用通常的方式重新安装：
sudo apt-get install --reinstall init-system-helpers initramfs-tools-core
然后重试安装所需的软件包。