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apt-get 升级和依赖项的问题

tag-icon • tag-icon apt package-management upgrade dependencies
apt-get 升级和依赖项的问题

我正在尝试升级我的系统，但是当我执行命令时发生了以下情况：

plex@plex-server:~$ sudo apt-get upgrade
[sudo] password for plex:
Reading package lists...
Building dependency tree         
Reading state information... Done  
You may want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to fix it.
The following packages have unmet dependencies: 
  libgail-3-0 : Depends: libgtk-3-0 (=3.22.30-1ubuntu4) but 3.22.30-1ubuntu1 is installed
  libgtk-3-bin : Depends: libgtk-3-0 (>= 3.22.30-1ubuntu4) but 3.22.30-1ubuntu1 is installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Run 'apt --fix-broken install' without packages (or specify a solution).

我之前已经完成更新并尝试了自动清理、自动删除、--fix-missing，但仍然不起作用。

编辑这是我的 sources.list 文件中的内容：

#deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 18.04 LTS _Bionic Beaver_ - Release amd64 (20180426)]/ 
bionic main restricted

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted
# deb-src http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main 
restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the 
Ubuntu                                             ## team. Also, please 
note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
# deb-src http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
deb http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe
# deb-src http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the 
Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as 
to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse
# deb-src http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse
deb http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse

## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it 
includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any 
review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted 
universe multiverse
# deb-src http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main 
restricted universe multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and 
the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security main restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security main 
restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security multiverse

答案1

我们先看一下错误信息中的关键部分：

Los siguientes paquetes tienen dependencias incumplidas: 
  libgail-3-0 : Depende: libgtk-3-0 (=3.22.30-1ubuntu4) pero 3.22.30-1ubuntu1 está instalado
  libgtk-3-bin : Depende: libgtk-3-0 (>= 3.22.30-1ubuntu4) pero 3.22.30-1ubuntu1 está instalado

它说你正在尝试用旧版本升级较新的软件包。再读一遍，密切注意版本号之间的差异。

让我们使用一个方便的 apt 工具来查看这些包来自哪个存储库：

$ apt cache madison libgtk-3-bin
libgtk-3-bin | 3.22.30-1ubuntu1 | http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 Packages
libgtk-3-bin | 3.22.30-1ubuntu4 | http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 Packages

哦，看，两个包都列出了。一个在 bionic 中，另一个在 bionic-updates 中。

因此系统抱怨它需要来自 bionic-updates 的版本，但无法安装它。

是时候查看软件和更新控制面板（或 /etc/apt/sources.list）中的源了。确保 bionic-updates 的 repo 存在并已启用。

答案2

首先尝试这个命令：

apt --fix-broken install

进而：

sudo apt update

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