通常，当我启动笔记本电脑并打开 Firefox 和其他软件时，它会消耗近 1 GB 的内存。我的笔记本电脑有 4 GB 的内存。但今天突然在启动后，htop 显示，如果不打开 Firefox，我的内存使用量为 3.13 GB（总内存使用量为 3.77 GB）。当我运行ps_mem.py 输出为：
4.0 KiB + 14.5 KiB = 18.5 KiB bamfdaemon-dbus
4.0 KiB + 16.5 KiB = 20.5 KiB avahi-dnsconfd
4.0 KiB + 17.5 KiB = 21.5 KiB agetty
4.0 KiB + 20.5 KiB = 24.5 KiB dbus-launch
4.0 KiB + 31.5 KiB = 35.5 KiB bluetoothd
4.0 KiB + 33.5 KiB = 37.5 KiB dbus
4.0 KiB + 36.5 KiB = 40.5 KiB gvfs-mtp-volume-monitor
4.0 KiB + 36.5 KiB = 40.5 KiB gvfs-goa-volume-monitor
4.0 KiB + 38.5 KiB = 42.5 KiB cupsd
4.0 KiB + 40.5 KiB = 44.5 KiB ibus-dconf
4.0 KiB + 40.5 KiB = 44.5 KiB gvfsd-network
4.0 KiB + 41.5 KiB = 45.5 KiB gvfs-gphoto2-volume-monitor
4.0 KiB + 42.5 KiB = 46.5 KiB deja-dup-monitor
48.0 KiB + 19.5 KiB = 67.5 KiB atd
52.0 KiB + 17.5 KiB = 69.5 KiB acpid
68.0 KiB + 4.5 KiB = 72.5 KiB ssh-agent
4.0 KiB + 70.5 KiB = 74.5 KiB obexd
4.0 KiB + 71.5 KiB = 75.5 KiB gvfs-afc-volume-monitor
96.0 KiB + 20.5 KiB = 116.5 KiB systemd-udevd
4.0 KiB + 117.5 KiB = 121.5 KiB whoopsie
112.0 KiB + 24.5 KiB = 136.5 KiB cron
132.0 KiB + 25.5 KiB = 157.5 KiB syndaemon
116.0 KiB + 42.5 KiB = 158.5 KiB at-spi-bus-launcher
4.0 KiB + 158.5 KiB = 162.5 KiB gjs-console
160.0 KiB + 17.5 KiB = 177.5 KiB irqbalance
164.0 KiB + 28.5 KiB = 192.5 KiB rtkit-daemon
148.0 KiB + 52.5 KiB = 200.5 KiB gnome-pty-helper
128.0 KiB + 82.5 KiB = 210.5 KiB gvfsd-dnssd
128.0 KiB + 87.5 KiB = 215.5 KiB cups-browsed
220.0 KiB + 31.5 KiB = 251.5 KiB dnsmasq
4.0 KiB + 254.5 KiB = 258.5 KiB unattended-upgr
244.0 KiB + 66.0 KiB = 310.0 KiB avahi-daemon (2)
268.0 KiB + 55.5 KiB = 323.5 KiB speech-dispatcher
320.0 KiB + 37.5 KiB = 357.5 KiB gnome-keyring-daemon
348.0 KiB + 53.5 KiB = 401.5 KiB gvfsd-fuse
400.0 KiB + 20.5 KiB = 420.5 KiB systemd-logind
372.0 KiB + 54.5 KiB = 426.5 KiB at-spi2-registryd
380.0 KiB + 64.5 KiB = 444.5 KiB gvfsd
384.0 KiB + 65.5 KiB = 449.5 KiB ibus-engine-simple
356.0 KiB + 104.5 KiB = 460.5 KiB thermald
460.0 KiB + 21.5 KiB = 481.5 KiB rsyslogd
424.0 KiB + 71.5 KiB = 495.5 KiB gvfsd-trash
368.0 KiB + 146.5 KiB = 514.5 KiB mate-screensaver
488.0 KiB + 141.5 KiB = 629.5 KiB polkit-mate-authentication-agent-1
452.0 KiB + 218.5 KiB = 670.5 KiB ibus-x11
588.0 KiB + 122.5 KiB = 710.5 KiB upowerd
660.0 KiB + 57.5 KiB = 717.5 KiB accounts-daemon
668.0 KiB + 51.5 KiB = 719.5 KiB wpa_supplicant
808.0 KiB + 41.5 KiB = 849.5 KiB ntpd
688.0 KiB + 167.5 KiB = 855.5 KiB sd_generic
688.0 KiB + 168.5 KiB = 856.5 KiB sd_cicero
692.0 KiB + 166.5 KiB = 858.5 KiB sd_dummy
812.0 KiB + 88.0 KiB = 900.0 KiB lightdm (2)
912.0 KiB + 15.5 KiB = 927.5 KiB dhclient
568.0 KiB + 414.5 KiB = 982.5 KiB blueman-applet
888.0 KiB + 97.5 KiB = 985.5 KiB gvfs-udisks2-volume-monitor
960.0 KiB + 35.5 KiB = 995.5 KiB dconf-service
872.0 KiB + 162.5 KiB = 1.0 MiB mate-session
940.0 KiB + 131.5 KiB = 1.0 MiB udisksd
992.0 KiB + 219.5 KiB = 1.2 MiB applet.py
1.3 MiB + 25.5 KiB = 1.4 MiB systemd-journald
1.1 MiB + 327.5 KiB = 1.4 MiB notification-area-applet
1.3 MiB + 180.5 KiB = 1.5 MiB sudo
1.2 MiB + 343.5 KiB = 1.6 MiB mate-volume-control-applet
1.4 MiB + 274.5 KiB = 1.7 MiB sd_espeak
1.8 MiB + 238.5 KiB = 2.0 MiB mate-maximus
1.7 MiB + 290.5 KiB = 2.0 MiB mate-power-manager
1.7 MiB + 440.5 KiB = 2.2 MiB clock-applet
2.1 MiB + 107.5 KiB = 2.2 MiB ibus-daemon
2.1 MiB + 136.5 KiB = 2.3 MiB systemd (3)
2.2 MiB + 50.5 KiB = 2.3 MiB polkitd
1.2 MiB + 1.3 MiB = 2.5 MiB postgres (6)
2.5 MiB + 240.5 KiB = 2.7 MiB dbus-daemon (3)
2.3 MiB + 377.5 KiB = 2.7 MiB tilda
2.6 MiB + 429.5 KiB = 3.0 MiB mate-settings-daemon
2.8 MiB + 312.5 KiB = 3.1 MiB ibus-ui-gtk3
2.7 MiB + 608.5 KiB = 3.3 MiB update-notifier
3.3 MiB + 187.5 KiB = 3.5 MiB NetworkManager
3.5 MiB + 323.5 KiB = 3.8 MiB pulseaudio
4.1 MiB + 45.5 KiB = 4.2 MiB gvfsd-metadata
3.6 MiB + 932.5 KiB = 4.5 MiB mate-panel
4.2 MiB + 564.5 KiB = 4.7 MiB bamfdaemon
4.8 MiB + 123.0 KiB = 4.9 MiB bash (2)
4.3 MiB + 1.1 MiB = 5.4 MiB marco
5.9 MiB + 10.5 KiB = 5.9 MiB snapd
5.3 MiB + 873.5 KiB = 6.1 MiB nm-applet
6.2 MiB + 1.2 MiB = 7.5 MiB plank
8.5 MiB + 2.2 MiB = 10.8 MiB mate-terminal
16.8 MiB + 3.6 MiB = 20.4 MiB Xorg
25.1 MiB + 1.4 MiB = 26.5 MiB caja
747.4 MiB + 85.4 MiB = 832.8 MiB firefox (7)
---------------------------------
1.0 GiB
=================================
并free -h给出以下结果：
Mem: 3.8G 3.2G 148M 76M 448M 240M
Swap: 975M 368M 607M
输出top为：
top - 19:57:56 up 52 min, 2 users, load average: 0.88, 0.88, 0.96
Tasks: 191 total, 1 running, 139 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 10.8 us, 1.8 sy, 0.0 ni, 85.4 id, 1.7 wa, 0.2 hi, 0.1 si, 0.0 st
KiB Mem : 3948976 total, 167676 free, 3356364 used, 424936 buff/cache
KiB Swap: 999420 total, 689352 free, 310068 used. 239448 avail Mem
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
2411 rakib 1 0 3391600 456092 109600 S 0.0 11.5 4:30.21 firefox
3962 rakib 1 0 2682112 176984 122216 S 0.0 4.5 0:35.00 Web Content
2475 rakib 1 0 2773772 167840 72108 S 0.0 4.3 1:30.76 Web Content
2558 rakib 1 0 2660024 127660 59076 S 0.0 3.2 0:09.10 WebExtensions
3310 rakib 1 0 2677744 119648 77552 S 0.0 3.0 0:42.19 Web Content
3917 rakib 1 0 2585732 108020 84524 S 0.0 2.7 0:01.85 Web Content
3999 rakib 1 0 2570348 82192 62632 S 0.0 2.1 0:00.37 Web Content
1116 root 1 0 304372 32704 22352 S 0.0 0.8 1:11.99 Xorg
4052 rakib 1 0 628488 30988 24372 S 0.0 0.8 0:01.50 mate-terminal
1779 rakib 1 0 593436 26156 20724 S 0.0 0.7 0:02.44 plank
1756 rakib 1 0 1251488 22692 16648 S 0.0 0.6 0:04.16 caja
1816 rakib 1 0 596564 21288 16576 S 0.0 0.5 0:02.33 nm-applet
1877 rakib 1 0 470792 17884 15060 S 0.0 0.5 0:11.35 marco
1748 rakib 1 0 1172888 16848 13544 S 0.0 0.4 0:01.43 mate-settings-d
1711 rakib 1 0 480480 16144 13632 S 0.0 0.4 0:01.63 ibus-ui-gtk3
1899 rakib 1 0 449576 16044 11756 S 0.0 0.4 0:00.97 bamfdaemon
1825 rakib 1 0 589348 15992 14804 S 0.0 0.4 0:00.81 tilda
1960 rakib 1 0 616724 15920 14312 S 0.0 0.4 0:00.43 clock-applet
1752 rakib 1 0 629860 15636 13584 S 0.0 0.4 0:01.19 mate-panel
1764 rakib 1 0 629856 15492 14628 S 0.0 0.4 0:00.91 blueman-applet
1790 rakib 1 0 550712 14932 13808 S 0.0 0.4 0:00.36 mate-volume-con
1767 rakib 1 0 571448 14632 13944 S 0.0 0.4 0:00.49 update-notifier
1784 rakib 1 0 469096 10572 9712 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.45 mate-power-mana
1715 rakib 1 0 353048 10344 10004 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.24 ibus-x11
960 root 1 0 450504 9912 7876 S 0.0 0.3 0:02.95 NetworkManager
1826 rakib 1 0 404964 9068 7952 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.37 mate-maximus
1962 rakib 1 0 398380 8880 8072 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.29 notification-ar
1059 postgres 1 0 295772 8712 8552 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.08 postgres
968 root 1 0 395980 8528 4812 S 0.0 0.2 0:01.71 snapd
1760 rakib 1 0 236328 8228 7180 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.76 applet.py
1438 rakib 1 0 396008 8192 7592 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.50 mate-session
1259 whoopsie 1 0 374400 7820 7820 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.04 whoopsie
1837 rakib 1 0 408840 7520 7496 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.06 mate-screensave
2228 rakib 1 0 527412 7432 7224 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.36 gjs
2269 rakib 1 0 190184 7416 3892 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.11 gvfsd-metadata
1775 rakib 1 0 321612 7152 6912 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.07 polkit-mate-aut
4063 rakib 1 0 24764 6864 3120 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.30 bash
2034 root 1 0 347940 6792 6392 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.21 upowerd
1071 root 1 0 274780 6156 6132 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.03 cups-browsed
1866 rakib 1 0 404284 6012 6012 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.01 gvfs-afc-volume
1105 root 1 0 175288 5968 5968 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.08 unattended-upgr
1692 rakib 1 0 345840 5836 4476 S 0.0 0.1 0:02.72 ibus-daemon
924 root 1 0 167124 5820 5572 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.69 thermald
1787 root 1 0 366880 5060 4552 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.53 udisksd
1759 rakib 1 0 285632 4940 4388 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.06 gvfs-udisks2-vo
1099 root 1 0 282208 4856 4464 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.22 polkitd
1730 rakib 1 0 206860 4852 4560 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.36 at-spi2-registr
941 root 1 0 276328 4820 4256 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.26 accounts-daemon
1940 rakib 1 0 150692 4736 4720 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.03 obexd
1745 rakib 1 0 188704 4584 4268 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.67 ibus-engine-sim
948 root 1 0 93520 4464 4308 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.01 cupsd
1904 rakib 1 -11 435688 4464 3956 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.22 pulseaudio
1078 root 1 0 350404 4412 3964 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.04 lightdm
2102 rakib 1 0 362032 4408 4408 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.01 gvfsd-dnssd
1696 rakib 1 0 274832 4368 4168 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.05 gvfsd
1762 rakib 1 0 435840 4300 4300 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.06 deja-dup-monito
1936 rakib 1 0 427060 4204 4204 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.02 gvfsd-network
1738 rakib 1 0 179152 4180 3328 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.31 dconf-service
1856 rakib 1 0 350888 4156 4156 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.03 gvfsd-trash
1238 root 1 0 230300 4100 3852 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.03 lightdm
1701 rakib 1 0 406860 3952 3952 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 gvfsd-fuse
1723 rakib 1 0 338048 3948 3948 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 at-spi-bus-laun
952 message+ 1 0 44220 3800 2728 S 0.0 0.1 0:01.41 dbus-daemon
1058 lp 1 0 81208 3740 3740 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 dbus
1710 rakib 1 0 264604 3688 3688 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.03 ibus-dconf
338 root 1 0 32128 3596 3452 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.31 systemd-journal
1832 rakib 1 0 257844 3544 3544 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.01 gvfs-goa-volume
1134 root 1 0 44032 3516 3320 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.31 wpa_supplicant
4189 rakib 7 0 42140 3476 2916 R 12.5 0.1 0:00.03 top
1872 rakib 1 0 272032 3456 3456 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.02 gvfs-gphoto2-vo
1170 postgres 1 0 296208 3364 3200 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.04 postgres
1845 rakib 1 0 259836 3144 3144 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.02 gvfs-mtp-volume
1509 nobody 1 0 53148 3096 3000 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.24 dnsmasq
925 root 1 0 32108 3076 3076 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.02 bluetoothd
1435 rakib 1 0 205528 3072 2944 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.06 gnome-keyring-d
1682 rakib 1 0 43476 2952 2304 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.45 dbus-daemon
1728 rakib 1 0 43024 2896 2736 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.15 dbus-daemon
1284 ntp 1 0 112100 2832 2632 S 0.0 0.1 0:01.29 ntpd
1 root 1 0 185368 2632 2032 S 0.0 0.1 0:01.69 systemd
1907 rtkit 1 1 183540 2564 2496 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.07 rtkit-daemon
1167 postgres 1 0 295772 2480 2344 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 postgres
1168 postgres 1 0 295772 2460 2344 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.09 postgres
1169 postgres 1 0 295772 2420 2344 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.04 postgres
944 root 1 0 29324 2408 2284 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.01 cron
927 avahi 1 0 44932 2364 2308 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.08 avahi-daemon
357 root 1 0 46812 2260 2208 S 0.0 0.1 0:01.36 systemd-udevd
930 root 1 0 28628 2140 2040 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.04 systemd-logind
963 syslog 1 0 256388 2100 2100 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.07 rsyslogd
1421 rakib 1 0 45156 1984 1984 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.04 systemd
1918 rakib 1 0 24760 1920 1920 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.20 bash
1895 rakib 1 0 12844 1796 1792 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 bamfdaemon-dbus
4062 rakib 1 0 14868 1736 1584 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 gnome-pty-helpe
1171 postgres 1 0 150356 1700 1512 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.03 postgres
938 daemon 1 0 26040 1696 1696 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 atd
1465 root 1 0 16120 1564 1564 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 dhclient
1274 root 1 0 16252 1280 1280 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 agetty
962 root 1 0 4392 1104 1104 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.17 acpid
2039 rakib 1 0 22364 664 664 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.08 syndaemon
951 root 1 0 10704 632 632 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 avahi-dnsconfd
1424 rakib 1 0 210912 268 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 (sd-pam)
1000 root 1 0 19468 124 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.27 irqbalance
1678 rakib 1 0 11140 40 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 ssh-agent
1018 avahi 1 0 44780 28 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 avahi-daemon
2 root 1 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd
3 root 1 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_gp
4 root 1 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_par_gp
6 root 1 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0H-ev
8 root 1 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 mm_percpu_wq
9 root 1 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.03 ksoftirqd/0
10 root 1 0 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:01.23 rcu_preempt
11 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0
12 root 1 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cpuhp/0
13 root 1 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cpuhp/1
14 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/1
15 root 1 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.04 ksoftirqd/1
17 root 1 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/1:0H-kb
18 root 1 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cpuhp/2
19 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/2
20 root 1 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.03 ksoftirqd/2
22 root 1 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/2:0H-kb
23 root 1 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cpuhp/3
24 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/3
25 root 1 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.03 ksoftirqd/3
27 root 1 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/3:0H-kb
29 root 1 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kdevtmpfs
30 root 1 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 netns
31 root 1 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_tasks_kthre
35 root 1 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 oom_reaper
36 root 1 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 writeback
37 root 1 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.07 kcompactd0
38 root 1 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khugepaged
116 root 1 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kintegrityd
117 root 1 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd
118 root 1 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 blkcg_punt_bio
120 root 1 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 edac-poller
121 root 1 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 devfreq_wq
122 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdogd
123 root 1 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.86 kswapd0
126 root -51 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 irq/122-aerdrv
127 root -51 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 irq/122-PCIe BW
128 root -51 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 irq/123-aerdrv
129 root -51 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 irq/123-PCIe BW
130 root 1 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 nvme-wq
131 root 1 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 nvme-reset-wq
132 root 1 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 nvme-delete-wq
133 root -51 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 irq/124-mei_me
134 root 1 0 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.20 kworker/1:2-eve
135 root 1 0 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.14 kworker/2:2-mm_
137 root 1 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 qat_device_rese
138 root 1 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 qat_pf2vf_resp_
139 root 1 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 adf_vf_stop_wq
142 root 1 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kstrp
143 root 1 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 zswap1
144 root 1 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 zswap1
145 root 1 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 kworker/u9:0-rb
161 root 1 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 charger_manager
207 root 1 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 acpi_thermal_pm
211 root 1 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ata_sff
212 root 1 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_eh_0
213 root 1 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_tmf_0
214 root 1 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_eh_1
215 root 1 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_tmf_1
216 root 1 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_eh_2
217 root 1 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_tmf_2
220 root 1 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 kworker/0:1H-kb
221 root 1 0 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.20 kworker/u8:4-zs
223 root 1 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.07 kworker/2:1H-kb
226 root 1 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.28 kworker/3:1H-kb
227 root 1 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.16 kworker/1:1H-kb
264 root 1 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.18 jbd2/sda1-8
265 root 1 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ext4-rsv-conver
278 root 1 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ipv6_addrconf
375 root 1 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 loop0
376 root 1 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 loop1
378 root 1 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 loop2
478 root 1 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cryptd
529 root 1 0 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.03 kworker/2:3-eve
545 root 1 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cfg80211
551 root -51 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.76 irq/130-iwlwifi
555 root 1 -20 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/u9:1-hc
762 root 1 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 loop3
765 root 1 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 loop4
1681 rakib 1 0 43596 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 dbus-launch
2004 root 1 -10 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 krfcommd
2970 root 1 0 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/1:0
3052 root 1 0 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.03 kworker/0:0-eve
3131 root 1 0 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.27 kworker/u8:0-i9
3423 root 1 0 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.15 kworker/u8:2-ev
3857 root 1 0 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.06 kworker/0:2-eve
4016 root 1 0 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.05 kworker/3:3-eve
4017 root 1 0 0 0 0 I 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/3:4-eve
结果为df -h --type tmpfs：
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs 386M 6.1M 380M 2% /run
tmpfs 1.9G 32M 1.9G 2% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs 386M 40K 386M 1% /run/user/1000
输出为cat /etc/fstab | grep -i swap：
# swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation
UUID=89fea68f-1f77-4988-a87d-d29cb372fd96 none swap sw 0 0
输出grep -v '^#\|^$' /etc/sysctl.conf：
vm.nr_hugepages=1172
输出cat /proc/meminfo：
MemTotal: 3948976 kB
MemFree: 378476 kB
MemAvailable: 444968 kB
Buffers: 26448 kB
Cached: 303048 kB
SwapCached: 70320 kB
Active: 452188 kB
Inactive: 344376 kB
Active(anon): 327628 kB
Inactive(anon): 208796 kB
Active(file): 124560 kB
Inactive(file): 135580 kB
Unevictable: 13116 kB
Mlocked: 32 kB
SwapTotal: 999420 kB
SwapFree: 546692 kB
Dirty: 1016 kB
Writeback: 0 kB
AnonPages: 427388 kB
Mapped: 178116 kB
Shmem: 69352 kB
KReclaimable: 28220 kB
Slab: 86288 kB
SReclaimable: 28220 kB
SUnreclaim: 58068 kB
KernelStack: 8352 kB
PageTables: 30300 kB
NFS_Unstable: 0 kB
Bounce: 0 kB
WritebackTmp: 0 kB
CommitLimit: 1773780 kB
Committed_AS: 3383848 kB
VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB
VmallocUsed: 26516 kB
VmallocChunk: 0 kB
Percpu: 1136 kB
HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB
AnonHugePages: 0 kB
ShmemHugePages: 0 kB
ShmemPmdMapped: 0 kB
FileHugePages: 0 kB
FilePmdMapped: 0 kB
CmaTotal: 0 kB
CmaFree: 0 kB
HugePages_Total: 1172
HugePages_Free: 1164
HugePages_Rsvd: 63
HugePages_Surp: 0
Hugepagesize: 2048 kB
Hugetlb: 2400256 kB
DirectMap4k: 243000 kB
DirectMap2M: 3866624 kB
DirectMap1G: 0 kB
我不知道额外的内存用在哪儿了。我该如何解决这个问题？PS 谢谢大家的帮助。问题解决了
答案1
问题在于vm.nr_hugepages=1172中的设置/etc/sysctl.conf。这会为大页面保留 1172 * 2048 Kb = 2.4 Gb，这些页面仅供某些应用程序使用。您的大部分内存都分配在那里。
如果您不知道此设置的原因，我建议您编辑/etc/sysctl.conf并将其设置为 10，然后重新启动：
vm.nr_hugepages=10
这很可能可以解决您的内存问题。由于只有 4Gb 的 RAM，您不太可能需要那么多的大页面。