我买了 HP Pavilion Ryzen 笔记本电脑，结果在网上发现 HP 笔记本电脑在 Linux 上存在很大问题。我没办法。它很实惠 ;-)
故事是这样的。我首先尝试从实时安装正常安装 KUbuntu，当出现第一个对话框时，它只绘制了顶部栏。没有鼠标光标，没有窗口。什么都没有。只有顶部栏。好吧。KUbuntu 也有最小的图形安装，安装很顺利。
重启后。启动需要一分多钟（它有 NVMe 磁盘，所以应该在几秒钟内启动），我得到了正常的 KUbuntu 登录屏幕。但没有鼠标光标。我登录后看到的是空白屏幕，有一些阴影表示桌面元素。我最终发现我可以通过选择 Alt+F2 并输入 kconsole 来运行控制台。甚至网络也能正常工作。所以我能够从 ppa:oibaf/graphics-drivers 安装最新的驱动程序。但这根本没有帮助。
但经过一段时间的挫折后，我找到了这个解决方案。我按下 ctrl+alt+delete 等待一秒钟，然后按 Enter（基本上我退出桌面），然后奇迹般地出现了鼠标指针和登录屏幕。我登录后一切都按预期运行。已经两天了。
这个问题一定有一个更简单的解决方案。我在最后添加了 dmesg 输出的 amdgpu 部分。
作者：TheR
[ 0.000000] Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-39-generic root=UUID=370b8653-d0d9-49de-b54b-c30b76f18f62 ro quiet splash amdgpu.gpu_recovery=1 vt.handoff=7
[ 0.029824] Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-39-generic root=UUID=370b8653-d0d9-49de-b54b-c30b76f18f62 ro quiet splash amdgpu.gpu_recovery=1 vt.handoff=7
[ 2.642911] [drm] amdgpu kernel modesetting enabled.
[ 2.643289] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: remove_conflicting_pci_framebuffers: bar 0: 0xe0000000 -> 0xefffffff
[ 2.643291] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: remove_conflicting_pci_framebuffers: bar 2: 0xf0000000 -> 0xf01fffff
[ 2.643292] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: remove_conflicting_pci_framebuffers: bar 5: 0xfe700000 -> 0xfe77ffff
[ 2.643296] fb0: switching to amdgpudrmfb from EFI VGA
[ 2.643393] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: vgaarb: deactivate vga console
[ 2.643450] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: enabling device (0006 -> 0007)
[ 2.704244] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: VRAM: 2048M 0x000000F400000000 - 0x000000F47FFFFFFF (2048M used)
[ 2.704246] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: GART: 1024M 0x0000000000000000 - 0x000000003FFFFFFF
[ 2.704249] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: AGP: 267419648M 0x000000F800000000 - 0x0000FFFFFFFFFFFF
[ 2.704552] [drm] amdgpu: 2048M of VRAM memory ready
[ 2.704556] [drm] amdgpu: 3072M of GTT memory ready.
[ 2.708104] amdgpu: [powerplay] hwmgr_sw_init smu backed is smu10_smu
[ 3.000661] fbcon: amdgpudrmfb (fb0) is primary device
[ 3.000665] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: fb0: amdgpudrmfb frame buffer device
[ 3.023816] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring gfx uses VM inv eng 0 on hub 0
[ 3.023820] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring comp_1.0.0 uses VM inv eng 1 on hub 0
[ 3.023823] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring comp_1.1.0 uses VM inv eng 4 on hub 0
[ 3.023825] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring comp_1.2.0 uses VM inv eng 5 on hub 0
[ 3.023828] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring comp_1.3.0 uses VM inv eng 6 on hub 0
[ 3.023830] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring comp_1.0.1 uses VM inv eng 7 on hub 0
[ 3.023832] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring comp_1.1.1 uses VM inv eng 8 on hub 0
[ 3.023834] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring comp_1.2.1 uses VM inv eng 9 on hub 0
[ 3.023837] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring comp_1.3.1 uses VM inv eng 10 on hub 0
[ 3.023839] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring kiq_2.1.0 uses VM inv eng 11 on hub 0
[ 3.023841] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring sdma0 uses VM inv eng 0 on hub 1
[ 3.023844] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring vcn_dec uses VM inv eng 1 on hub 1
[ 3.023846] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring vcn_enc0 uses VM inv eng 4 on hub 1
[ 3.023849] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring vcn_enc1 uses VM inv eng 5 on hub 1
[ 3.023851] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring vcn_jpeg uses VM inv eng 6 on hub 1
[ 4.147919] [drm] Initialized amdgpu 3.35.0 20150101 for 0000:04:00.0 on minor 0
[ 9.756356] systemd[1]: Starting Load/Save Screen Backlight Brightness of backlight:amdgpu_bl0...
[ 9.771396] systemd[1]: Finished Load/Save Screen Backlight Brightness of backlight:amdgpu_bl0.
[ 10.272213] snd_hda_intel 0000:04:00.1: bound 0000:04:00.0 (ops amdgpu_dm_audio_component_bind_ops [amdgpu])
[ 22.229504] [drm:amdgpu_job_timedout [amdgpu]] *ERROR* ring gfx timeout, signaled seq=1, emitted seq=3
[ 22.229639] [drm:amdgpu_job_timedout [amdgpu]] *ERROR* Process information: process Xorg pid 882 thread Xorg:cs0 pid 886
[ 22.229647] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: GPU reset begin!
[ 23.556955] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: GPU reset succeeded, trying to resume
[ 24.257785] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring gfx uses VM inv eng 0 on hub 0
[ 24.257788] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring comp_1.0.0 uses VM inv eng 1 on hub 0
[ 24.257791] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring comp_1.1.0 uses VM inv eng 4 on hub 0
[ 24.257794] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring comp_1.2.0 uses VM inv eng 5 on hub 0
[ 24.257796] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring comp_1.3.0 uses VM inv eng 6 on hub 0
[ 24.257798] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring comp_1.0.1 uses VM inv eng 7 on hub 0
[ 24.257800] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring comp_1.1.1 uses VM inv eng 8 on hub 0
[ 24.257803] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring comp_1.2.1 uses VM inv eng 9 on hub 0
[ 24.257805] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring comp_1.3.1 uses VM inv eng 10 on hub 0
[ 24.257808] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring kiq_2.1.0 uses VM inv eng 11 on hub 0
[ 24.257810] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring sdma0 uses VM inv eng 0 on hub 1
[ 24.257812] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring vcn_dec uses VM inv eng 1 on hub 1
[ 24.257814] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring vcn_enc0 uses VM inv eng 4 on hub 1
[ 24.257816] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring vcn_enc1 uses VM inv eng 5 on hub 1
[ 24.257818] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring vcn_jpeg uses VM inv eng 6 on hub 1
[ 24.269472] Modules linked in: cmac algif_hash algif_skcipher af_alg bnep snd_hda_codec_realtek snd_hda_codec_generic ledtrig_audio snd_hda_codec_hdmi nls_iso8859_1 snd_hda_intel snd_intel_dspcfg snd_hda_codec snd_hda_core snd_hwdep snd_pcm uvcvideo videobuf2_vmalloc snd_seq_midi videobuf2_memops snd_seq_midi_event videobuf2_v4l2 edac_mce_amd btusb snd_rawmidi btrtl rtl8821ce(OE) kvm_amd btbcm ccp videobuf2_common btintel joydev bluetooth videodev input_leds serio_raw hp_wmi snd_seq kvm mc sparse_keymap wmi_bmof ecdh_generic snd_seq_device ecc snd_timer k10temp snd cfg80211 snd_pci_acp3x soundcore hp_accel lis3lv02d input_polldev hp_wireless mac_hid acpi_tad sch_fq_codel parport_pc ppdev lp parport ip_tables x_tables autofs4 crct10dif_pclmul crc32_pclmul ghash_clmulni_intel amdgpu amd_iommu_v2 gpu_sched i2c_algo_bit ttm drm_kms_helper syscopyarea sysfillrect sysimgblt fb_sys_fops aesni_intel nvme crypto_simd cryptd r8169 glue_helper psmouse drm i2c_piix4 i2c_amd_mp2_pci realtek nvme_core
[ 24.269601] amdgpu_device_gpu_recover+0x6cd/0x95a [amdgpu]
[ 24.269670] amdgpu_job_timedout+0x103/0x130 [amdgpu]
[ 24.269735] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: GPU reset(2) succeeded!
[ 24.269899] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: AMD-Vi: Event logged [IO_PAGE_FAULT domain=0x0000 address=0x185b002c0 flags=0x0070]
[ 24.269913] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: AMD-Vi: Event logged [IO_PAGE_FAULT domain=0x0000 address=0x185b40000 flags=0x0070]
[ 24.269921] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: AMD-Vi: Event logged [IO_PAGE_FAULT domain=0x0000 address=0x1859ea0e0 flags=0x0050]
[ 24.269929] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: AMD-Vi: Event logged [IO_PAGE_FAULT domain=0x0000 address=0x1859ea100 flags=0x0050]
[ 24.269937] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: AMD-Vi: Event logged [IO_PAGE_FAULT domain=0x0000 address=0x1859e4600 flags=0x0050]
[ 24.269945] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: AMD-Vi: Event logged [IO_PAGE_FAULT domain=0x0000 address=0x185199660 flags=0x0070]
[ 24.269952] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: AMD-Vi: Event logged [IO_PAGE_FAULT domain=0x0000 address=0x185199660 flags=0x0070]
[ 24.269960] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: AMD-Vi: Event logged [IO_PAGE_FAULT domain=0x0000 address=0x185199660 flags=0x0070]
[ 24.269967] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: AMD-Vi: Event logged [IO_PAGE_FAULT domain=0x0000 address=0x185199660 flags=0x0070]
[ 24.269975] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: AMD-Vi: Event logged [IO_PAGE_FAULT domain=0x0000 address=0x185199660 flags=0x0070]
[ 34.507522] [drm:amdgpu_job_timedout [amdgpu]] *ERROR* ring sdma0 timeout, signaled seq=49, emitted seq=51
[ 34.507656] [drm:amdgpu_job_timedout [amdgpu]] *ERROR* Process information: process pid 0 thread pid 0
[ 34.507664] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: GPU reset begin!
[ 34.607457] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: GPU reset succeeded, trying to resume
[ 35.309817] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring gfx uses VM inv eng 0 on hub 0
[ 35.309820] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring comp_1.0.0 uses VM inv eng 1 on hub 0
[ 35.309823] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring comp_1.1.0 uses VM inv eng 4 on hub 0
[ 35.309825] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring comp_1.2.0 uses VM inv eng 5 on hub 0
[ 35.309828] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring comp_1.3.0 uses VM inv eng 6 on hub 0
[ 35.309830] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring comp_1.0.1 uses VM inv eng 7 on hub 0
[ 35.309832] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring comp_1.1.1 uses VM inv eng 8 on hub 0
[ 35.309834] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring comp_1.2.1 uses VM inv eng 9 on hub 0
[ 35.309837] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring comp_1.3.1 uses VM inv eng 10 on hub 0
[ 35.309839] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring kiq_2.1.0 uses VM inv eng 11 on hub 0
[ 35.309841] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring sdma0 uses VM inv eng 0 on hub 1
[ 35.309844] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring vcn_dec uses VM inv eng 1 on hub 1
[ 35.309846] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring vcn_enc0 uses VM inv eng 4 on hub 1
[ 35.309848] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring vcn_enc1 uses VM inv eng 5 on hub 1
[ 35.309850] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: ring vcn_jpeg uses VM inv eng 6 on hub 1
[ 35.321448] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: GPU reset(3) succeeded!
[ 35.321533] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: AMD-Vi: Event logged [IO_PAGE_FAULT domain=0x0000 address=0x185b40000 flags=0x0070]
[ 35.740563] [drm:amdgpu_cs_ioctl [amdgpu]] *ERROR* Failed to initialize parser -125!
答案1
好吧。事实证明，现在在 Ubuntu 上安装较新的内核并不复杂。说明可以在这里找到：https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-upgrade-kernel-to-latest-version-on-ubuntu-20-04-focal-fossa-linux
因此解决方案是安装最新内核。就我而言是 5.7.6。希望笔记本电脑可以正常安装 Ubuntu 20.10。
还有一个问题。WiFi 适配器 (rtl8821ce) 的内核中没有包含驱动程序。幸运的是有线网络可以工作，所以我能够快速安装 WiFi 适配器。说明：如何在 Ubuntu 18.04 上为 Realtek RTL8821CE 安装 Wi-Fi 驱动程序？
总结一下我的硬件：HP Pavilion Laptop 15-cw1xxx、AMD Ryzen5 3500U、8GB RAM、512GB NVMe 磁盘。
现在适用于 KUbuntu 20.04
作者：TheR