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如何在 Linux 上调试无法绑定到设备的驱动程序？

tag-icon • tag-icon linux drivers devices device-tree mips
如何在 Linux 上调试无法绑定到设备的驱动程序？

我试图找出为什么以下设备未在我的驱动程序上设置创世者CI20。作为参考，我使用 Linux 内核 v4.13.0 并在本地进行编译：

make ARCH=mips ci20_defconfig
make -j8 ARCH=mips CROSS_COMPILE=mipsel-linux-gnu- uImage

从运行的系统中我可以看到：

ci20@ci20:~# find /sys | grep rng
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/jz4780-cgu@10000000/rng@d8
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/jz4780-cgu@10000000/rng@d8/compatible
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/jz4780-cgu@10000000/rng@d8/name
/sys/bus/platform/drivers/jz4780-rng
/sys/bus/platform/drivers/jz4780-rng/bind
/sys/bus/platform/drivers/jz4780-rng/unbind
/sys/bus/platform/drivers/jz4780-rng/uevent

因此，内核在运行时可以看到设备，现在缺少的部分是为什么驱动程序从未绑定？我本来期望这样的事情：

/sys/bus/platform/drivers/jz4780-rng/100000d8.rng

我确实找到了一些其他帖子解释如何调试正在运行的系统，例如：

虽然这些帖子上的信息是准确的，但对我来说并不是很有帮助。由于我在本地构建内核（我printk在驱动程序的探测功能中添加了jz4780-rng），所以我的问题是：

  • 我应该在编译时打开什么选项以便内核打印有关调用驱动程序探测函数失败的准确信息jz4780-rng？
  • 特别是如何打印已测试总线/驱动程序的完整列表driver_probe_device？

我可以printk在代码中的任何位置添加来调试它。问题是：哪个函数正在遍历设备树并调用probe/init函数？

以供参考：

$ dtc -I fs -O dts /sys/firmware/devicetree/base | grep -A 1 rng
              rng@d8 {
                      compatible = "ingenic,jz4780-rng";
              };

兼容字符串声明为：

cgu: jz4780-cgu@10000000 {
    compatible = "ingenic,jz4780-cgu", "syscon";
    reg = <0x10000000 0x100>;

    clocks = <&ext>, <&rtc>;
    clock-names = "ext", "rtc";

    #clock-cells = <1>;

    rng: rng@d8 {
        compatible = "ingenic,jz4780-rng";
    };
};

在驱动程序中为：

static const struct of_device_id jz4780_rng_dt_match[] = {
    {
        .compatible = "ingenic,jz4780-rng",
    },
    { },
};
MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(of, jz4780_rng_dt_match);

static struct platform_driver jz4780_rng_driver = {
    .driver     = {
        .name   = "jz4780-rng",
        .of_match_table = jz4780_rng_dt_match,
    },
    .probe      = jz4780_rng_probe,
    .remove     = jz4780_rng_remove,
};
module_platform_driver(jz4780_rng_driver);

更新1：

当我使用 构建内核时CONFIG_DEBUG_DRIVER=y，我可以看到以下内容：

# grep driver_probe_device syslog
Sep  6 10:08:07 ci20 kernel: [    0.098280] bus: 'platform': driver_probe_device: matched device 10031000.serial with driver ingenic-uart
Sep  6 10:08:07 ci20 kernel: [    0.098742] bus: 'platform': driver_probe_device: matched device 10033000.serial with driver ingenic-uart
Sep  6 10:08:07 ci20 kernel: [    0.099209] bus: 'platform': driver_probe_device: matched device 10034000.serial with driver ingenic-uart
Sep  6 10:08:07 ci20 kernel: [    0.106945] bus: 'platform': driver_probe_device: matched device 1b000000.nand-controller with driver jz4780-nand
Sep  6 10:08:07 ci20 kernel: [    0.107282] bus: 'platform': driver_probe_device: matched device 134d0000.bch with driver jz4780-bch
Sep  6 10:08:07 ci20 kernel: [    0.107470] bus: 'platform': driver_probe_device: matched device 16000000.dm9000 with driver dm9000
Sep  6 10:08:07 ci20 kernel: [    0.165618] bus: 'platform': driver_probe_device: matched device 10003000.rtc with driver jz4740-rtc
Sep  6 10:08:07 ci20 kernel: [    0.166177] bus: 'platform': driver_probe_device: matched device 10002000.jz4780-watchdog with driver jz4740-wdt
Sep  6 10:08:07 ci20 kernel: [    0.170930] bus: 'platform': driver_probe_device: matched device 1b000000.nand-controller with driver jz4780-nand

但只有：

# grep rng syslog
Sep  6 10:08:07 ci20 kernel: [    0.166842] bus: 'platform': add driver jz4780-rng
Sep  6 10:08:42 ci20 kernel: [   54.584451] random: crng init done

附带说明一下，rng顶级节点：cgu此处未引用，但有一个jz4780-cgu驱动程序。

更新2：

如果我将rng节点声明移到顶级cgu节点之外，我至少可以看到最后发生了一些绑定：

# grep rng /var/log/syslog 
Sep  6 10:30:57 ci20 kernel: [    0.167017] bus: 'platform': add driver jz4780-rng
Sep  6 10:30:57 ci20 kernel: [    0.167033] bus: 'platform': driver_probe_device: matched device 10000000.rng with driver jz4780-rng
Sep  6 10:30:57 ci20 kernel: [    0.167038] bus: 'platform': really_probe: probing driver jz4780-rng with device 10000000.rng
Sep  6 10:30:57 ci20 kernel: [    0.167050] jz4780-rng 10000000.rng: no pinctrl handle
Sep  6 10:30:57 ci20 kernel: [    0.167066] devices_kset: Moving 10000000.rng to end of list
Sep  6 10:30:57 ci20 kernel: [    0.172774] jz4780-rng: probe of 10000000.rng failed with error -22
Sep  6 10:31:32 ci20 kernel: [   54.802794] random: crng init done

使用：

    rng: rng@100000d8 {
        compatible = "ingenic,jz4780-rng";
    };

我还可以验证：

# find /sys/ | grep rng
/sys/devices/platform/10000000.rng
/sys/devices/platform/10000000.rng/subsystem
/sys/devices/platform/10000000.rng/driver_override
/sys/devices/platform/10000000.rng/modalias
/sys/devices/platform/10000000.rng/uevent
/sys/devices/platform/10000000.rng/of_node
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/rng@100000d8
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/rng@100000d8/compatible
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/rng@100000d8/status
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/rng@100000d8/reg
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/rng@100000d8/name
/sys/bus/platform/devices/10000000.rng
/sys/bus/platform/drivers/jz4780-rng
/sys/bus/platform/drivers/jz4780-rng/bind
/sys/bus/platform/drivers/jz4780-rng/unbind
/sys/bus/platform/drivers/jz4780-rng/uevent

答案1

让驱动程序绑定到设备的可行解决方案是：

cgublock: jz4780-cgublock@10000000 {
    compatible = "simple-bus", "syscon";

    #address-cells = <1>;
    #size-cells = <1>;

    reg = <0x10000000 0x100>;
    ranges;

    cgu: jz4780-cgu@10000000 {
        compatible = "ingenic,jz4780-cgu";
        reg = <0x10000000 0x100>;

        clocks = <&ext>, <&rtc>;
        clock-names = "ext", "rtc";

        #clock-cells = <1>;
    };

    rng: rng@d8 {
        compatible = "ingenic,jz4780-rng";
        reg = <0x100000d8 0x8>;
    };
};

这是通过观察其他例子发现的。我更喜欢一个解决方案，可以让我得到正确的诊断，为什么之前的尝试是不正确的。

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