我已经在 Ubuntu 18.04 上稳定安装了 Nvidia 驱动程序 410.78，与 Nvidia Quadro RTX4000 显卡配合使用一年多了。由于之前自动升级破坏系统的不良经历，我将图形驱动程序的所有升级都列入了黑名单。
今天我重启了电脑，之后似乎整个 nvidia 驱动程序和 GPU 的链接都丢失了。Nvidia-smi 找不到任何驱动程序
NVIDIA-SMI has failed because it couldn't communicate with the NVIDIA driver. Make sure that the latest NVIDIA driver is installed and running.
没有文件夹 /proc/driver/nvidia （只有 /proc/driver/rtc ），程序 NVIDIA X Server Settings 什么都没有显示。
我检查了 /var/log/dpkg.log 和 /var/log/apt/history.log 中是否有与图形驱动程序相关的无人值守升级，但没有发现任何异常。
这真的令人沮丧，因为以前每当发生这种情况时，我最终都必须从头开始安装所有东西，这个过程非常痛苦且非常耗时。
有什么方法可以找出发生了什么？nvidia 驱动程序去哪了？为什么重启会破坏/替换它们？最重要的是，我怎样才能恢复到一小时前的系统状态？任何指示和帮助都非常感谢。
编辑：“dkms status”的输出
nvidia, 410.78, 4.15.0-1027-oem, x86_64: installed
nvidia, 410.78, 4.15.0-1101-oem, x86_64: installed
oem-ethernet-intel-igb-lp1805326-5.3.5.22, 0.1, 4.15.0-1027-oem, x86_64: installed
oem-ethernet-intel-igb-lp1805326-5.3.5.22, 0.1, 4.15.0-1101-oem, x86_64: installed
zgrep 'install ' 的输出 /var/log/dpkg.log* | sort | cut -f1,2,4 -d' ' | grep linux
/var/log/dpkg.log.10.gz:2020-03-18 06:57:16 linux-oem-headers-4.15.0-1076:all
/var/log/dpkg.log.10.gz:2020-03-18 06:57:21 linux-headers-4.15.0-1076-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.10.gz:2020-03-18 06:57:24 linux-modules-4.15.0-1076-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.10.gz:2020-03-18 06:57:30 linux-image-4.15.0-1076-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.11.gz:2020-02-11 07:01:17 linux-oem-headers-4.15.0-1069:all
/var/log/dpkg.log.11.gz:2020-02-11 07:01:20 linux-headers-4.15.0-1069-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.11.gz:2020-02-11 07:01:22 linux-modules-4.15.0-1069-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.11.gz:2020-02-11 07:01:27 linux-image-4.15.0-1069-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.11.gz:2020-02-20 06:41:24 linux-oem-headers-4.15.0-1073:all
/var/log/dpkg.log.11.gz:2020-02-20 06:41:28 linux-headers-4.15.0-1073-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.11.gz:2020-02-20 06:41:30 linux-modules-4.15.0-1073-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.11.gz:2020-02-20 06:41:35 linux-image-4.15.0-1073-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.1:2020-12-03 06:47:23 linux-oem-headers-4.15.0-1103:all
/var/log/dpkg.log.1:2020-12-03 06:47:30 linux-headers-4.15.0-1103-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.1:2020-12-03 06:47:33 linux-modules-4.15.0-1103-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.1:2020-12-03 06:47:45 linux-image-4.15.0-1103-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.1:2020-12-13 06:59:38 linux-modules-5.4.0-58-generic:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.1:2020-12-13 06:59:40 linux-image-5.4.0-58-generic:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.1:2020-12-13 06:59:41 linux-modules-extra-5.4.0-58-generic:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.1:2020-12-13 06:59:45 linux-hwe-5.4-headers-5.4.0-58:all
/var/log/dpkg.log.1:2020-12-13 06:59:45 linux-image-generic-hwe-18.04:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.1:2020-12-13 06:59:50 linux-headers-5.4.0-58-generic:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.1:2020-12-13 06:59:52 linux-headers-generic-hwe-18.04:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.1:2020-12-13 06:59:53 linux-generic-hwe-18.04:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.12.gz:2020-01-08 06:17:31 linux-oem-headers-4.15.0-1066:all
/var/log/dpkg.log.12.gz:2020-01-08 06:17:35 linux-headers-4.15.0-1066-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.12.gz:2020-01-08 06:17:37 linux-modules-4.15.0-1066-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.12.gz:2020-01-08 06:17:42 linux-image-4.15.0-1066-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.12.gz:2020-01-31 06:48:19 linux-oem-headers-4.15.0-1067:all
/var/log/dpkg.log.12.gz:2020-01-31 06:48:22 linux-headers-4.15.0-1067-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.12.gz:2020-01-31 06:48:24 linux-modules-4.15.0-1067-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.12.gz:2020-01-31 06:48:30 linux-image-4.15.0-1067-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log:2021-01-06 06:59:19 linux-modules-5.4.0-59-generic:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log:2021-01-06 06:59:23 linux-image-5.4.0-59-generic:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log:2021-01-06 06:59:24 linux-modules-extra-5.4.0-59-generic:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log:2021-01-06 06:59:32 linux-hwe-5.4-headers-5.4.0-59:all
/var/log/dpkg.log:2021-01-06 06:59:37 linux-headers-5.4.0-59-generic:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log:2021-01-08 06:53:27 linux-modules-5.4.0-60-generic:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log:2021-01-08 06:53:29 linux-image-5.4.0-60-generic:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log:2021-01-08 06:53:29 linux-modules-extra-5.4.0-60-generic:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log:2021-01-08 06:53:33 linux-hwe-5.4-headers-5.4.0-60:all
/var/log/dpkg.log:2021-01-08 06:53:37 linux-headers-5.4.0-60-generic:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log:2021-01-15 06:15:31 linux-modules-5.4.0-62-generic:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log:2021-01-15 06:15:35 linux-image-5.4.0-62-generic:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log:2021-01-15 06:15:36 linux-modules-extra-5.4.0-62-generic:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log:2021-01-15 06:15:46 linux-hwe-5.4-headers-5.4.0-62:all
/var/log/dpkg.log:2021-01-15 06:15:56 linux-headers-5.4.0-62-generic:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.2.gz:2020-11-12 06:29:47 linux-oem-headers-4.15.0-1101:all
/var/log/dpkg.log.2.gz:2020-11-12 06:29:55 linux-headers-4.15.0-1101-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.2.gz:2020-11-12 06:29:58 linux-modules-4.15.0-1101-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.2.gz:2020-11-12 06:30:08 linux-image-4.15.0-1101-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.3.gz:2020-10-14 06:24:07 linux-oem-headers-4.15.0-1099:all
/var/log/dpkg.log.3.gz:2020-10-14 06:24:16 linux-headers-4.15.0-1099-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.3.gz:2020-10-14 06:24:19 linux-modules-4.15.0-1099-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.3.gz:2020-10-14 06:24:28 linux-image-4.15.0-1099-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.3.gz:2020-10-21 06:30:41 linux-oem-headers-4.15.0-1100:all
/var/log/dpkg.log.3.gz:2020-10-21 06:30:47 linux-headers-4.15.0-1100-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.3.gz:2020-10-21 06:30:50 linux-modules-4.15.0-1100-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.3.gz:2020-10-21 06:30:59 linux-image-4.15.0-1100-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.4.gz:2020-09-03 06:31:11 linux-oem-headers-4.15.0-1094:all
/var/log/dpkg.log.4.gz:2020-09-03 06:31:15 linux-headers-4.15.0-1094-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.4.gz:2020-09-03 06:31:17 linux-modules-4.15.0-1094-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.4.gz:2020-09-03 06:31:22 linux-image-4.15.0-1094-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.4.gz:2020-09-09 06:47:10 linux-oem-headers-4.15.0-1096:all
/var/log/dpkg.log.4.gz:2020-09-09 06:47:14 linux-headers-4.15.0-1096-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.4.gz:2020-09-09 06:47:16 linux-modules-4.15.0-1096-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.4.gz:2020-09-09 06:47:22 linux-image-4.15.0-1096-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.4.gz:2020-09-23 06:43:07 linux-oem-headers-4.15.0-1097:all
/var/log/dpkg.log.4.gz:2020-09-23 06:43:11 linux-headers-4.15.0-1097-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.4.gz:2020-09-23 06:43:13 linux-modules-4.15.0-1097-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.4.gz:2020-09-23 06:43:18 linux-image-4.15.0-1097-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.6.gz:2020-07-04 06:23:47 linux-oem-headers-4.15.0-1091:all
/var/log/dpkg.log.6.gz:2020-07-04 06:23:52 linux-headers-4.15.0-1091-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.6.gz:2020-07-04 06:23:55 linux-modules-4.15.0-1091-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.6.gz:2020-07-04 06:24:00 linux-image-4.15.0-1091-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.6.gz:2020-07-23 06:08:13 linux-oem-headers-4.15.0-1093:all
/var/log/dpkg.log.6.gz:2020-07-23 06:08:21 linux-headers-4.15.0-1093-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.6.gz:2020-07-23 06:08:24 linux-modules-4.15.0-1093-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.6.gz:2020-07-23 06:08:30 linux-image-4.15.0-1093-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.7.gz:2020-06-02 06:19:59 linux-oem-headers-4.15.0-1081:all
/var/log/dpkg.log.7.gz:2020-06-02 06:20:05 linux-headers-4.15.0-1081-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.7.gz:2020-06-02 06:20:08 linux-modules-4.15.0-1081-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.7.gz:2020-06-02 06:20:15 linux-image-4.15.0-1081-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.7.gz:2020-06-10 06:22:46 linux-oem-headers-4.15.0-1087:all
/var/log/dpkg.log.7.gz:2020-06-10 06:22:51 linux-headers-4.15.0-1087-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.7.gz:2020-06-10 06:22:54 linux-modules-4.15.0-1087-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.7.gz:2020-06-10 06:22:59 linux-image-4.15.0-1087-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.7.gz:2020-06-27 06:15:50 linux-oem-headers-4.15.0-1090:all
/var/log/dpkg.log.7.gz:2020-06-27 06:15:54 linux-headers-4.15.0-1090-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.7.gz:2020-06-27 06:15:57 linux-modules-4.15.0-1090-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.7.gz:2020-06-27 06:16:02 linux-image-4.15.0-1090-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.8.gz:2020-05-01 06:20:04 linux-oem-headers-4.15.0-1080:all
/var/log/dpkg.log.8.gz:2020-05-01 06:20:08 linux-headers-4.15.0-1080-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.8.gz:2020-05-01 06:20:11 linux-modules-4.15.0-1080-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.8.gz:2020-05-01 06:20:16 linux-image-4.15.0-1080-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.9.gz:2020-04-08 06:01:20 linux-oem-headers-4.15.0-1079:all
/var/log/dpkg.log.9.gz:2020-04-08 06:01:23 linux-headers-4.15.0-1079-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.9.gz:2020-04-08 06:01:25 linux-modules-4.15.0-1079-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.9.gz:2020-04-08 06:01:30 linux-image-4.15.0-1079-oem:amd64
/var/log/dpkg.log.9.gz:2020-04-16 14:03:23 libselinux1:i386
看来在 2021 年 1 月 6 日至 15 日期间安装了内核 5.4。这是自那以后的第一次重启，所以这可能是罪魁祸首。
uname -r
5.4.0-62-generic