我最近安装了 Ubuntu 20.04 和 Windows 10（双启动），但无法从系统中获取任何音频。我尝试了计算机上的耳机端口、HDMI 显示器上的耳机端口和音频接口（Tascam US-122 MKII）。它们在 Windows 中都可以使用，但在 Ubuntu 中都不能使用。
进入系统声音设置时没有出现任何设备，但可以识别声卡。
$ cat /proc/asound/cards
0 [HDMI ]: HDA-Intel - HDA ATI HDMI
HDA ATI HDMI at 0xfcf60000 irq 74
1 [MKII ]: USB-Audio - US122 MKII
TASCAM US122 MKII at usb-0000:03:00.0-1, high speed
2 [Generic ]: HDA-Intel - HD-Audio Generic
HD-Audio Generic at 0xfca00000 irq 76
$ aplay -l
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 7: HDMI 1 [HDMI 1]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 8: HDMI 2 [HDMI 2]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 9: HDMI 3 [HDMI 3]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 10: HDMI 4 [HDMI 4]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 11: HDMI 5 [HDMI 5]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: MKII [US122 MKII], device 0: USB Audio [USB Audio]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 2: Generic [HD-Audio Generic], device 0: ALC892 Analog [ALC892 Analog]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
$ lspci -nnk | grep -A2 Audio
26:00.1 Audio device [0403]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Ellesmere HDMI Audio [Radeon RX 470/480 / 570/580/590] [1002:aaf0]
Subsystem: Sapphire Technology Limited Ellesmere HDMI Audio [Radeon RX 470/480 / 570/580/590] [1da2:aaf0]
Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel
--
28:00.4 Audio device [0403]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Starship/Matisse HD Audio Controller [1022:1487]
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] Starship/Matisse HD Audio Controller [1462:9b86]
Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel
运行时alsamixer我得到以下结果：
┌────────────────────────────── AlsaMixer v1.2.2 ──────────────────────────────┐
│ Card: HDA ATI HDMI F1: Help │
│ Chip: ATI R6xx HDMI F2: System information │
│ View: F3:[Playback] F4: Capture F5: All F6: Select sound card │
│ Item: S/PDIF [Off] Esc: Exit │
│ │
│ │
│ │
│ │
│ │
│ │
│ │
│ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ │
│ │MM│ │MM│ │MM│ │MM│ │MM│ │MM│ │
│ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ │
│ < S/PDIF >S/PDIF 1 S/PDIF 2 S/PDIF 3 S/PDIF 4 S/PDIF 5 │
│ │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
┌────────────────────────────── AlsaMixer v1.2.2 ──────────────────────────────┐
│ Card: US122 MKII F1: Help │
│ Chip: F2: System information │
│ View: F3: Playback F4: Capture F5: All F6: Select sound card │
│ Item: Esc: Exit │
│ │
│ │
│ │
│ This sound device does not have any controls. │
│ │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── AlsaMixer v1.2.2 ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Card: HD-Audio Generic F1: Help │
│ Chip: Realtek ALC892 F2: System information │
│ View: F3:[Playback] F4: Capture F5: All F6: Select sound card │
│ Item: Master [dB gain: -6,00] Esc: Exit │
│ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ ┌──┐ │
│ │ │ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │ │ │ │ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │ │ │ │ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │ │ │ │ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │ │ │ │ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │ │ │ │ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │ │ │ │ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │ │ │ │ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │ │ │ │ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │ │ │ │ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │ │ │ │ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │▒▒│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ ├──┤ ├──┤ ├──┤ ├──┤ └──┘ ├──┤ ├──┤ ├──┤ ├──┤ ├──┤ └──┘ Enabled Disabled ├──┤ └──┘ │
│ │OO│ │OO│ │OO│ │MM│ │OO│ │OO│ │OO│ │OO│ │MM│ │MM│ │
│ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ └──┘ │
│ 78 100<>100 100<>100 0<>0 0<>0 100<>100 100 100 100<>100 0<>0 0<>0 0<>0 0<>0 │
│< Master >Headphon Front Front Mi Front Mi Surround Center LFE Side Line Line Boo Auto-Mut Loopback Rear Mic Rear Mic │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
我尝试使用/禁用/重新安装 ALSA、PulseAudio、Timidity 和 Pavucontrol，期间多次重启。我注意到了一些结果，我将与大家分享。
pulseaudio无法正常运行：
$pulseaudio -k
E: [pulseaudio] main.c: Failed to kill daemon: No such file or directory
$killall pulseaudio
pulseaudio: no process found
$ pulseaudio --start
E: [pulseaudio] main.c: Daemon startup failed.
$ pulseaudio -v
I: [pulseaudio] main.c: setrlimit(RLIMIT_NICE, (31, 31)) failed: Operation not permitted
I: [pulseaudio] main.c: setrlimit(RLIMIT_RTPRIO, (9, 9)) failed: Operation not permitted
I: [pulseaudio] core-util.c: Successfully gained nice level -11.
I: [pulseaudio] main.c: This is PulseAudio 13.99.1
I: [pulseaudio] main.c: Page size is 4096 bytes
I: [pulseaudio] main.c: Machine ID is 54967f8432fa4e459792d2f0c0991d8a.
I: [pulseaudio] main.c: Using runtime directory /run/user/1000/pulse.
I: [pulseaudio] main.c: Using state directory /home/roelof/.config/pulse.
I: [pulseaudio] main.c: Using modules directory /usr/lib/pulse-13.99.1/modules.
I: [pulseaudio] main.c: Running in system mode: no
W: [pulseaudio] pid.c: Stale PID file, overwriting.
I: [pulseaudio] main.c: System supports high resolution timers
I: [pulseaudio] cpu-x86.c: CPU flags: CMOV MMX SSE SSE2 SSE3 SSSE3 SSE4_1 SSE4_2 MMXEXT
I: [pulseaudio] svolume_mmx.c: Initialising MMX optimized volume functions.
I: [pulseaudio] remap_mmx.c: Initialising MMX optimized remappers.
I: [pulseaudio] svolume_sse.c: Initialising SSE2 optimized volume functions.
I: [pulseaudio] remap_sse.c: Initialising SSE2 optimized remappers.
I: [pulseaudio] sconv_sse.c: Initialising SSE2 optimized conversions.
I: [pulseaudio] svolume_orc.c: Initialising ORC optimized volume functions.
I: [pulseaudio] module-device-restore.c: Successfully opened database file '/home/roelof/.config/pulse/54967f8432fa4e459792d2f0c0991d8a-device-volumes'.
I: [pulseaudio] module.c: Loaded "module-device-restore" (index: #0; argument: "").
I: [pulseaudio] module-stream-restore.c: Successfully opened database file '/home/roelof/.config/pulse/54967f8432fa4e459792d2f0c0991d8a-stream-volumes'.
I: [pulseaudio] module.c: Loaded "module-stream-restore" (index: #1; argument: "").
I: [pulseaudio] module-card-restore.c: Successfully opened database file '/home/roelof/.config/pulse/54967f8432fa4e459792d2f0c0991d8a-card-database'.
I: [pulseaudio] module.c: Loaded "module-card-restore" (index: #2; argument: "").
I: [pulseaudio] module.c: Loaded "module-augment-properties" (index: #3; argument: "").
I: [pulseaudio] module.c: Loaded "module-switch-on-port-available" (index: #4; argument: "").
I: [pulseaudio] module.c: Loaded "module-switch-on-connect" (index: #5; argument: "").
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)main.c: error: failed to import hw:1 use case configuration -2
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)main.c: error: failed to import US122 MKII use case configuration -2
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-ucm.c: UCM not available for card US122 MKII
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm_hw.c: open '/dev/snd/pcmC1D0c' failed (-2)
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device front:1: No such file or directory
I: [pulseaudio] (alsa-lib)pcm_hw.c: open '/dev/snd/pcmC1D0c' failed (-2)
I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Error opening PCM device iec958:1: No such file or directory
Killed
此外，我还注意到pavucontrol它不起作用。每当我使用打开应用程序时，$puvucontrol音量控制窗口中都会出现一条消息“正在建立与 PulseAudio 的连接。请稍候...”。
我已经尝试了几个小时的教程和指南，但我对 Ubuntu 还是有点陌生。有人知道我还可以尝试什么吗？
计算机规格：
- MSI B450-A Pro Max，
- AMD Ryyzen 5 3600，
- RX 580 8 GB，
- 固态硬盘，
- 2 个硬盘，
- 32 GB RAM。
答案1
将内核更新到 v5.11 解决了我的大部分问题。我可以看到输出，也可以听到音频。使用 Tascam US-MKII 接口时，我偶尔仍会听到尖锐的高音噪音。将耳机插入 HDMI 输出即可解决此问题。