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Debian 中的外部硬盘速度极慢

tag-icon • tag-icon mount external-hdd troubleshooting
Debian 中的外部硬盘速度极慢

挂载、列出文件、复制文件都非常慢。这是一个新的 1TB 单元，格式为 ext4。我不怀疑有任何物理损坏。复制速度为 64kB/s。没有条目/etc/fstab。当 Nautilus 识别出它时，我要求安装它（通过 GUI）。

dmesg -w

[1161163.747883] [drm:ironlake_irq_handler [i915]] *ERROR* CPU pipe A FIFO underrun
[1161163.747977] [drm:ironlake_irq_handler [i915]] *ERROR* PCH transcoder A FIFO underrun
[1161239.160081] EXT4-fs (sdc1): warning: mounting fs with errors, running e2fsck is recommended
[1161240.725154] EXT4-fs (sdc1): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
[1161508.277827] usb 1-1.2: USB disconnect, device number 37
[1161508.325809] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_NO_CONNECT driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[1161508.325817] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 CDB: Write(10) 2a 00 3a 04 09 b8 00 00 20 00
[1161508.325821] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 973343160
[1161508.325864] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_NO_CONNECT driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[1161508.325868] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 CDB: Write(10) 2a 00 09 80 09 00 00 00 10 00
[1161508.325870] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 159385856
[1161508.325876] Buffer I/O error on dev sdc1, logical block 19922976, lost async page write
[1161508.325887] Buffer I/O error on dev sdc1, logical block 19922977, lost async page write
[1161508.325912] Aborting journal on device sdc1-8.
[1161508.325954] JBD2: Error -5 detected when updating journal superblock for sdc1-8.
[1161508.326801] EXT4-fs warning (device sdc1): htree_dirblock_to_tree:962: inode #3670046: lblock 0: comm pool: error -5 reading directory block
[1161508.326819] EXT4-fs error (device sdc1): ext4_journal_check_start:56: Detected aborted journal
[1161508.326822] EXT4-fs (sdc1): Remounting filesystem read-only
[1161508.326824] EXT4-fs (sdc1): previous I/O error to superblock detected
[1161508.327164] EXT4-fs warning (device sdc1): htree_dirblock_to_tree:962: inode #3670042: lblock 0: comm pool: error -5 reading directory block
[1161508.327420] EXT4-fs warning (device sdc1): htree_dirblock_to_tree:962: inode #3670039: lblock 0: comm pool: error -5 reading directory block
[1161508.328952] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Synchronizing SCSI cache
[1161508.328991] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Synchronize Cache(10) failed: Result: hostbyte=DID_NO_CONNECT driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[1161508.421624] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC= SRC=fe80:0000:0000:0000:4a5d:60ff:fe9a:a80d DST=ff02:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001 LEN=64 TC=0 HOPLIMIT=1 FLOWLBL=28751 PROTO=UDP SPT=8612 DPT=8612 LEN=24 
[1161508.421645] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC= SRC=fe80:0000:0000:0000:4a5d:60ff:fe9a:a80d DST=ff02:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001 LEN=64 TC=0 HOPLIMIT=1 FLOWLBL=758130 PROTO=UDP SPT=8612 DPT=8610 LEN=24 
[1161508.431967] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC= SRC=fe80:0000:0000:0000:4a5d:60ff:fe9a:a80d DST=ff02:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001 LEN=64 TC=0 HOPLIMIT=1 FLOWLBL=28751 PROTO=UDP SPT=8612 DPT=8612 LEN=24 
[1161508.432028] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC= SRC=fe80:0000:0000:0000:4a5d:60ff:fe9a:a80d DST=ff02:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001 LEN=64 TC=0 HOPLIMIT=1 FLOWLBL=758130 PROTO=UDP SPT=8612 DPT=8610 LEN=24 
[1161508.492581] EXT4-fs error (device sdc1): ext4_find_entry:1463: inode #2: comm pool: reading directory lblock 0
[1161508.492618] EXT4-fs error (device sdc1): ext4_find_entry:1463: inode #2: comm pool: reading directory lblock 0
[1161508.492648] EXT4-fs error (device sdc1): ext4_find_entry:1463: inode #2: comm pool: reading directory lblock 0
[1161508.493091] EXT4-fs warning (device sdc1): htree_dirblock_to_tree:962: inode #2: lblock 0: comm gvfs-udisks2-vo: error -5 reading directory block
[1161508.493126] EXT4-fs warning (device sdc1): htree_dirblock_to_tree:962: inode #2: lblock 0: comm gvfs-udisks2-vo: error -5 reading directory block
[1161508.493153] EXT4-fs warning (device sdc1): htree_dirblock_to_tree:962: inode #2: lblock 0: comm gvfs-udisks2-vo: error -5 reading directory block
[1161508.493178] EXT4-fs warning (device sdc1): htree_dirblock_to_tree:962: inode #2: lblock 0: comm gvfs-udisks2-vo: error -5 reading directory block
[1161508.493204] EXT4-fs warning (device sdc1): htree_dirblock_to_tree:962: inode #2: lblock 0: comm gvfs-udisks2-vo: error -5 reading directory block
[1161508.493229] EXT4-fs warning (device sdc1): htree_dirblock_to_tree:962: inode #2: lblock 0: comm gvfs-udisks2-vo: error -5 reading directory block
[1161508.493254] EXT4-fs warning (device sdc1): htree_dirblock_to_tree:962: inode #2: lblock 0: comm gvfs-udisks2-vo: error -5 reading directory block
[1161547.348303] EXT4-fs (sdc1): error count since last fsck: 13
[1161547.348377] EXT4-fs (sdc1): initial error at time 1462543367: ext4_reserve_inode_write:4923
[1161547.348399] EXT4-fs (sdc1): last error at time 1506094856: ext4_find_entry:1463: inode 2
[1161560.973016] usb 1-1.2: new high-speed USB device number 38 using ehci-pci
[1161562.370266] usb 1-1.2: New USB device found, idVendor=0480, idProduct=a200
[1161562.370270] usb 1-1.2: New USB device strings: Mfr=2, Product=3, SerialNumber=1
[1161562.370272] usb 1-1.2: Product: External USB 3.0
[1161562.370274] usb 1-1.2: Manufacturer: TOSHIBA
[1161562.370276] usb 1-1.2: SerialNumber: 20151217014540F
[1161562.474512] usb-storage 1-1.2:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[1161562.474797] scsi host8: usb-storage 1-1.2:1.0
[1161562.523271] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC= SRC=fe80:0000:0000:0000:4a5d:60ff:fe9a:a80d DST=ff02:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001 LEN=64 TC=0 HOPLIMIT=1 FLOWLBL=28751 PROTO=UDP SPT=8612 DPT=8612 LEN=24 
[1161562.523343] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC= SRC=fe80:0000:0000:0000:4a5d:60ff:fe9a:a80d DST=ff02:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001 LEN=64 TC=0 HOPLIMIT=1 FLOWLBL=758130 PROTO=UDP SPT=8612 DPT=8610 LEN=24 
[1161562.533571] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC= SRC=fe80:0000:0000:0000:4a5d:60ff:fe9a:a80d DST=ff02:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001 LEN=64 TC=0 HOPLIMIT=1 FLOWLBL=28751 PROTO=UDP SPT=8612 DPT=8612 LEN=24 
[1161562.533634] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC= SRC=fe80:0000:0000:0000:4a5d:60ff:fe9a:a80d DST=ff02:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001 LEN=64 TC=0 HOPLIMIT=1 FLOWLBL=758130 PROTO=UDP SPT=8612 DPT=8610 LEN=24 
[1161563.823035] scsi 8:0:0:0: Direct-Access     TOSHIBA  External USB 3.0 0    PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
[1161563.823865] sd 8:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0
[1161564.736783] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] 1953525168 512-byte logical blocks: (1.00 TB/932 GiB)
[1161565.245948] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Write Protect is off
[1161565.245953] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00
[1161565.755069] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
[1161567.598540]  sdd: sdd1
[1161569.239545] usb 1-1.2: USB disconnect, device number 38
[1161569.290999] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Attached SCSI disk
[1161569.806281] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC= SRC=fe80:0000:0000:0000:4a5d:60ff:fe9a:a80d DST=ff02:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001 LEN=64 TC=0 HOPLIMIT=1 FLOWLBL=28751 PROTO=UDP SPT=8612 DPT=8612 LEN=24 
[1161569.806324] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC= SRC=fe80:0000:0000:0000:4a5d:60ff:fe9a:a80d DST=ff02:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001 LEN=64 TC=0 HOPLIMIT=1 FLOWLBL=758130 PROTO=UDP SPT=8612 DPT=8610 LEN=24 
[1161569.816633] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC= SRC=fe80:0000:0000:0000:4a5d:60ff:fe9a:a80d DST=ff02:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001 LEN=64 TC=0 HOPLIMIT=1 FLOWLBL=28751 PROTO=UDP SPT=8612 DPT=8612 LEN=24 
[1161569.816671] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC= SRC=fe80:0000:0000:0000:4a5d:60ff:fe9a:a80d DST=ff02:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001 LEN=64 TC=0 HOPLIMIT=1 FLOWLBL=758130 PROTO=UDP SPT=8612 DPT=8610 LEN=24 
[1161576.312719] usb 1-1.2: new high-speed USB device number 39 using ehci-pci
[1161577.702218] usb 1-1.2: New USB device found, idVendor=0480, idProduct=a200
[1161577.702222] usb 1-1.2: New USB device strings: Mfr=2, Product=3, SerialNumber=1
[1161577.702224] usb 1-1.2: Product: External USB 3.0
[1161577.702226] usb 1-1.2: Manufacturer: TOSHIBA
[1161577.702228] usb 1-1.2: SerialNumber: 20151217014540F
[1161577.805886] usb-storage 1-1.2:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[1161577.806417] scsi host8: usb-storage 1-1.2:1.0
[1161577.860971] [UFW BLOCK] IN=wlan0 OUT= MAC= SRC=fe80:0000:0000:0000:4a5d:60ff:fe9a:a80d DST=ff02:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001 LEN=64 TC=0 HOPLIMIT=1 FLOWLBL=28751 PROTO=UDP SPT=8612 DPT=8612 LEN=24 
[1161579.152295] scsi 8:0:0:0: Direct-Access     TOSHIBA  External USB 3.0 0    PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
[1161579.153207] sd 8:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0
[1161579.670318] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] 1953525168 512-byte logical blocks: (1.00 TB/932 GiB)
[1161580.188715] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Write Protect is off
[1161580.188721] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00
[1161580.707054] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
[1161582.573903]  sdd: sdd1
[1161585.479432] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Attached SCSI disk

答案1

  1. 检查dmesg是否有错误。这不太可能，因为这会导致更严重的问题，但您应该检查一下。
  2. 您还可以检查硬盘 SMART 参数（如果可通过 USB 连接器使用）。您可以使用 来检查这一点smartctl --all /dev/sdx。在基于 Debian 的发行版上，它位于smartmontools软件包中，因此apt-get install smartmontools.而且这不太可能，但有可能。

  3. 最可能的原因是：USB 实际上有 3 个子标准：usb1、usb2 和 usb3。仅有的USB3 提供的数据吞吐率可与当今的 HDD 相媲美。

    • 可能您将磁盘插入了 USB2 兼容插槽（出于兼容性原因，许多 PC/笔记本电脑也具有 USB2 和 USB3 兼容插槽）。插入 USB3 接口，或购买一些支持 USB3 的扩展（如果可能的话）。
    • 有可能，（更高带宽）usb3 无法在某些数据噪声或损坏的电缆上激活。您的机器和硬盘之间的通信正在以某种较低、较慢的兼容方式进行。

    • 另一种可能性是，您的电缆或 HDD 根本不支持 USB3。如果有的话，请检查他们的文档或互联网。另一种以纯 Linux 方式检查此问题的可能性：检查哪个 USB 内核模块正在使用您的设备。如果是ehci_hcd，则为USB3。在ohci_hcd或的情况下uhci_hcd，它是 usb1 或 usb2。您可以使用lspci -v,lsusb命令并通过在/sys.

    • 尝试使用确实兼容 USB3 的电缆。

64kbit 显示 USB1 或更低的速度。 USB1 在当今的机器上仅用于与 USB 鼠标和键盘进行通信。

  • 您的硬盘没有插入键盘/鼠标专用的 USB 插槽吗？它们大多只支持 USB2.0 之前的版本。这是因为usb3和usb1之间存在相同的向后兼容性问题，并且许多键盘/鼠标仍然仅是usb1。而且它们不需要非常快。

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