如何获取 Ubuntu 22.04 中的当前活动窗口？

2024-6-10 • tag-icon

我需要能够在 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS（带有 Wayland 桌面）中获取当前活动窗口的应用程序名称和页面标题，无论应用程序是什么。我将使用 Python 实现它，因此对该环境友好的东西会很棒！

在 Ubuntu 的早期版本中对我有用的方法似乎在 22.04 中不起作用。在其他 Linux 发行版中有效的方法似乎在 22.04 中也不起作用。

我尝试了以下方法：
```
xprop -root _NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW
```
这为我提供了有关 Chromium、Firefox、Opera 和 Brave 的大量信息，但没有其他信息（不是终端、系统监视器、计算器、LibreOffice Writer 等）。相反，对于非 Web 浏览器，它似乎只返回 0。

我已经尝试过 gdbus 调用这里在python中：

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import subprocess

if __name__ == "__main__":
    while 1 == 1:

        print('---------------')
        print('global.get_window_actors...')
        app_command = ("gdbus call -e -d org.gnome.Shell -o /org/gnome/Shell -m org.gnome.Shell.Eval global.get_window_actors\(\)[`gdbus call -e -d org.gnome.Shell -o /org/gnome/Shell -m org.gnome.Shell.Eval global.get_window_actors\(\).findIndex\(a\=\>a.meta_window.has_focus\(\)===true\) | cut -d\"'\" -f 2`].get_meta_window\(\).get_wm_class\(\)")
        app_process = subprocess.Popen(app_command, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        app_retval = app_process.stdout.read()
        app_retcode = app_process.wait()
        actorsApp = app_retval.decode('utf-8').strip()
        print(actorsApp)

        time.sleep(1)

(false, '')无论哪个应用程序处于活动状态，这都会持续返回。

我尝试过 Wnck，它返回此错误：

Wnck-WARNING **: libwnck is designed to work in X11 only, no valid display found

我尝试将它们结合起来：
```
 xdpyinfo | grep focus
 xwininfo -root -tree
```
但就像_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW，这些为我提供了焦点网络浏览器的准确信息，但没有为其他应用程序提供准确信息。
wmctrl -lx我再次看到同样的事情，打开时只列出网络浏览器，没有列出任何其他打开的应用程序。

我最接近成功的是使用它pyatspi来跟踪辅助功能事件。我必须GNOME_ACCESSIBILITY在我的~/.profile文件中专门打开它才能让 Firefox 使用它。

但一旦我启动并运行它，它似乎可以正确地跟踪一切只要我想要跟踪的窗口已经打开。但是，如果我打开一个新应用程序（始终是 Chromium，但其他应用程序通常也会这样做），它pyatspi似乎会冻结。如果我能pyatspi正常工作，那对我来说就足够了，但是每次打开应用程序时它都会冻结，这根本行不通。这是我的pyatspi代码。

 #!/usr/bin/env python3

 import pyatspi
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta

 class PyatspiMonitor:
     app = ''
     title = ''
     focusMoment = None
     eventPrint = ''

     def getApplicationTitle(self, appName):
         print('getApplicationTitle() ' + str(datetime.now()))
         title = None
         try:
             if appName:
                 i = 0
                 desktopCount = pyatspi.Registry.getDesktopCount()
                 while i < desktopCount:
                     try:
                         desktop = pyatspi.Registry.getDesktop(i)
                         for application in desktop:
                             # While we do nothing with the attr data, it seems important
                             # to grab it for pyatspi to see Chromium correctly
                             try:
                                 attrs = str(node.getAttributes())
                             except:
                                 attrs = ''
                             if application and application.name and application.name.lower() == appName.lower():
                                 for node in application:
                                     title = node.name
                                     break
                             if title:
                                 break
                         desktop.setCacheMask(pyatspi.cache.NONE)
                         if title:
                             break
                     except:
                         pass
                     i = i + 1
         except Exception as e:
             print("getApplicationTitle() ERROR: " + str(e))
             title = None
         return title

     def onEvent(self, e):
         try:
             if self.app:
                 appname = ""
                 title = ''
                 try:
                     appname = str(e.host_application.name)
                 except:
                     appname = ""
                 # Make sure we don't override a valuable onFocus
                 # event with stuff that's less valuable
                 oneSecondAgo = datetime.now() - timedelta(seconds=1)
                 if (self.focusMoment and self.focusMoment < oneSecondAgo) or (not self.focusMoment):
                     if appname and appname.lower() == self.app.lower():
                         # This event is from the focused app
                         try:
                             title = str(e.source_name)
                         except:
                             title = ''
                     if not title:
                         # See if there's a meaningful change to the title of the active app
                         # since its last onFocus event
                         title = self.getApplicationTitle(self.app)
                     if title:
                         self.focusMoment = datetime.now()
                         self.title = title

                         toPrint = 'onEvent() RESULT: ' + self.app + ' - ' + self.title
                         if self.eventPrint != toPrint:
                             self.eventPrint = toPrint
                             print(toPrint)
         except Exception as e:
             print("onEvent() ERROR: " + str(e))
             pass

     def onFocus(self, e):
         try:
             # detail1 = 1 means this app received focus.
             # detail1 = 0 means focus left this app.
             if e.detail1:
                 appname = ""
                 try:
                     appname = str(e.host_application.name)
                 except:
                     appname = ""
                 if appname and appname.lower() != 'gnome-shell':
                     self.focusMoment = datetime.now()
                     self.app = appname
                     try:
                         title = str(e.source_name)
                     except:
                         title = None
                     if not title:
                         title = self.getApplicationTitle(appname)
                     if not title:
                         title = self.app
                     self.title = title
                     print('onFocus() RESULT: ' + self.app + ' - ' + self.title)
         except Exception as e:
             print("onFocus() ERROR: " + str(e))
             pass

     def startMonitoring(self):
         try:
             print('startMonitoring()')
             pyatspi.Registry.registerEventListener(self.onFocus, "object:state-changed:focused")
             pyatspi.Registry.registerEventListener(self.onFocus, "object:state-changed:active")
             pyatspi.Registry.registerEventListener(self.onEvent, "object")
             pyatspi.Registry.start()
         except Exception as e:
             print("startMonitoring() ERROR: " + str(e))
             pass

 if __name__ == "__main__":
     pyatspiMonitor = PyatspiMonitor()
     pyatspiMonitor.startMonitoring()

所以，我的问题是，如何在 Ubuntu 22.04 中找出当前活动窗口的应用程序名称和标题？

提前致谢！

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