最近，我的笔记本电脑运行 Ubuntu 18.04 时，启动时间开始很长。我运行以下命令来查明原因，但不确定如何处理这些信息。非常感谢大家提出任何关于导致此问题的原因以及如何解决的想法。
systemd-分析
Startup finished in 12.018s (firmware) + 12.166s (loader) + 12.544s (kernel) + 3min 8.456s (userspace) = 3min 45.185s graphical.target reached after 3min 8.433s in userspace
systemd-analyze 责备
3min 1.217s dev-mapper-ubuntu\x2d\x2dvg\x2droot.device
3min 312ms dev-loop26.device
3min 281ms dev-loop28.device
3min 278ms dev-loop9.device
3min 278ms dev-loop14.device
3min 275ms dev-loop18.device
3min 271ms dev-loop19.device
3min 265ms dev-loop20.device
3min 264ms dev-loop17.device
3min 256ms dev-loop23.device
3min 252ms dev-loop11.device
3min 235ms dev-loop13.device
3min 234ms dev-loop8.device
3min 227ms dev-loop10.device
3min 224ms dev-loop12.device
3min 216ms dev-loop24.device
3min 205ms dev-loop16.device
3min 202ms dev-loop15.device
3min 195ms dev-loop21.device
3min 187ms dev-loop22.device
3min 186ms dev-loop25.device
3min 155ms dev-loop27.device
3min 148ms dev-loop31.device
3min 130ms dev-loop30.device
3min 130ms dev-loop29.device
3min 111ms dev-loop5.device
3min 110ms dev-loop7.device
3min 109ms dev-loop1.device
3min 102ms dev-loop0.device
3min 91ms dev-loop32.device
3min 69ms dev-loop4.device
3min 67ms dev-loop6.device
3min 66ms dev-loop3.device
3min 66ms dev-loop2.device
1min 30.186s boot-efi.mount
1min 28.881s binfmt-support.service
1min 28.869s proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.mount
6.483s NetworkManager-wait-online.service
3.519s plymouth-quit-wait.service
1.994s snapd.service
1.652s [email protected]
1.583s snap.ufw.srv.service
765ms keyboard-setup.service
579ms fwupd.service
553ms ufw.service
478ms systemd-journal-flush.service
351ms NetworkManager.service
314ms udisks2.service
240ms systemd-udevd.service
219ms networkd-dispatcher.service
208ms snap-gnome\x2dcharacters-741.mount
206ms upower.service
189ms snap-core-13308.mount
188ms snap-core-12834.mount
185ms systemd-modules-load.service
182ms snap-gtk2\x2dcommon\x2dthemes-13.mount
181ms systemd-rfkill.service
180ms snap-gnome\x2dlogs-112.mount
180ms snap-gnome\x2d3\x2d34\x2d1804-77.mount
178ms snap-gimp-380.mount
174ms snap-gimp-383.mount
174ms lvm2-monitor.service
172ms snap-gnome\x2d3\x2d38\x2d2004-99.mount
171ms snap-gnome\x2dcalculator-884.mount
166ms snap-ufw-476.mount
166ms snap-ufw-501.mount
162ms snap-gnome\x2d3\x2d34\x2d1804-72.mount
162ms systemd-timesyncd.service
161ms systemd-resolved.service
159ms snap-deja\x2ddup-552.mount
156ms snap-bare-5.mount
153ms snap-gnome\x2dlogs-106.mount
152ms snap-gtk\x2dcommon\x2dthemes-1534.mount
128ms snap-p7zip\x2ddesktop-220.mount
127ms lvm2-pvscan@253:0.service
126ms snap-core20-1434.mount
125ms snap-gtk\x2dcommon\x2dthemes-1519.mount
121ms snap-deja\x2ddup-525.mount
115ms systemd-logind.service
114ms apparmor.service
110ms snap-gnome\x2d3\x2d28\x2d1804-145.mount
105ms snap-gnome\x2dsystem\x2dmonitor-174.mount
100ms accounts-daemon.service
100ms snap-gnome\x2dcalculator-920.mount
96ms snap-gnome\x2d3\x2d28\x2d1804-161.mount
95ms thermald.service
95ms ModemManager.service
92ms systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service
91ms systemd-udev-trigger.service
91ms snap-gnome\x2d3\x2d26\x2d1604-104.mount
90ms snap-core18-2344.mount
78ms grub-common.service
72ms snap-gnome\x2dcharacters-761.mount
72ms avahi-daemon.service
71ms [email protected]
71ms snap-gnome\x2dsystem\x2dmonitor-169.mount
70ms rsyslog.service
70ms snap-gnome\x2d3\x2d26\x2d1604-102.mount
66ms gpu-manager.service
63ms networking.service
63ms snapd.seeded.service
62ms wpa_supplicant.service
62ms snap-core20-1518.mount
60ms gdm.service
59ms snap-gnome\x2d3\x2d38\x2d2004-106.mount
58ms packagekit.service
56ms [email protected]
55ms bolt.service
55ms systemd-journald.service
53ms snapd.apparmor.service
53ms [email protected]
49ms tor.service
49ms snap-core18-2409.mount
49ms pppd-dns.service
46ms apport.service
37ms systemd-fsck@dev-disk-by\x2duuid-902B\x2d8ECC.service
37ms bluetooth.service
36ms speech-dispatcher.service
30ms systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service
29ms colord.service
25ms systemd-random-seed.service
24ms dev-mapper-ubuntu\x2d\x2dvg\x2dswap_1.swap
22ms systemd-fsck@dev-disk-by\x2duuid-9a7439b6\x2d9318\x2d4cbe\x2d8bab\x2d4c0448ac9499.service
22ms systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service
21ms polkit.service
18ms systemd-sysctl.service
15ms sys-kernel-debug.mount
15ms plymouth-start.service
14ms dev-hugepages.mount
14ms blk-availability.service
13ms kmod-static-nodes.service
13ms systemd-remount-fs.service
12ms plymouth-read-write.service
12ms dev-mqueue.mount
12ms kerneloops.service
10ms dns-clean.service
10ms resolvconf-pull-resolved.service
8ms openvpn.service
8ms systemd-backlight@backlight:intel_backlight.service
8ms boot.mount
7ms systemd-user-sessions.service
6ms ureadahead-stop.service
6ms systemd-update-utmp.service
5ms resolvconf.service
5ms systemd-backlight@leds:dell::kbd_backlight.service
5ms systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service
4ms sys-kernel-config.mount
4ms console-setup.service
3ms systemd-cryptsetup@sda3_crypt.service
3ms sys-fs-fuse-connections.mount
3ms rtkit-daemon.service
2ms setvtrgb.service
1ms motd-news.service
1ms snapd.socket
systemd-analyze 关键链
graphical.target @3min 8.433s
└─multi-user.target @3min 8.433s
└─kerneloops.service @3min 8.420s +12ms
└─network-online.target @3min 8.419s
└─NetworkManager-wait-online.service @3min 1.935s +6.483s
└─NetworkManager.service @3min 1.578s +351ms
└─dbus.service @3min 1.553s
└─basic.target @3min 1.523s
└─sockets.target @3min 1.523s
└─snapd.socket @3min 1.520s +1ms
└─sysinit.target @3min 1.501s
└─systemd-backlight@leds:dell::kbd_backlight.service @3min 1.625s +5ms
└─system-systemd\x2dbacklight.slice @956ms
└─system.slice @257ms
└─-.slice @254ms
lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
loop0 7:0 0 113.9M 1 loop /snap/core/13308
loop1 7:1 0 110.6M 1 loop /snap/core/12834
loop2 7:2 0 724K 1 loop /snap/ufw/501
loop3 7:3 0 556K 1 loop /snap/gnome-logs/112
loop4 7:4 0 724K 1 loop /snap/ufw/476
loop5 7:5 0 248.8M 1 loop /snap/gnome-3-38-2004/99
loop6 7:6 0 4K 1 loop /snap/bare/5
loop7 7:7 0 2.5M 1 loop /snap/gnome-calculator/884
loop8 7:8 0 81.3M 1 loop /snap/gtk-common-themes/1534
loop9 7:9 0 162.9M 1 loop /snap/gnome-3-28-1804/145
loop10 7:10 0 164.8M 1 loop /snap/gnome-3-28-1804/161
loop11 7:11 0 219M 1 loop /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/72
loop12 7:12 0 251.5M 1 loop /snap/deja-dup/552
loop13 7:13 0 2.5M 1 loop /snap/gnome-system-monitor/174
loop14 7:14 0 65.2M 1 loop /snap/gtk-common-themes/1519
loop15 7:15 0 61.9M 1 loop /snap/core20/1434
loop16 7:16 0 704K 1 loop /snap/gnome-characters/761
loop17 7:17 0 140.7M 1 loop /snap/gnome-3-26-1604/104
loop18 7:18 0 140.7M 1 loop /snap/gnome-3-26-1604/102
loop19 7:19 0 391.3M 1 loop /snap/gimp/383
loop20 7:20 0 219M 1 loop /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/77
loop21 7:21 0 55.5M 1 loop /snap/core18/2409
loop22 7:22 0 61.9M 1 loop /snap/core20/1518
loop23 7:23 0 254.1M 1 loop /snap/gnome-3-38-2004/106
loop24 7:24 0 55.5M 1 loop /snap/core18/2344
loop25 7:25 0 2.5M 1 loop /snap/gnome-system-monitor/169
loop26 7:26 0 101.5M 1 loop /snap/p7zip-desktop/220
loop27 7:27 0 2.6M 1 loop /snap/gnome-calculator/920
loop28 7:28 0 193M 1 loop /snap/deja-dup/525
loop29 7:29 0 548K 1 loop /snap/gnome-logs/106
loop30 7:30 0 140K 1 loop /snap/gtk2-common-themes/13
loop31 7:31 0 277M 1 loop /snap/gimp/380
loop32 7:32 0 704K 1 loop /snap/gnome-characters/741
sda 8:0 0 238.5G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 512M 0 part /boot/efi
├─sda2 8:2 0 732M 0 part /boot
└─sda3 8:3 0 237.3G 0 part
└─sda3_crypt 253:0 0 237.3G 0 crypt
├─ubuntu--vg-root 253:1 0 236.3G 0 lvm /
└─ubuntu--vg-swap_1
253:2 0 976M 0 lvm [SWAP]
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
smartctl -a /dev/sda3
smartctl 6.6 2016-05-31 r4324 [x86_64-linux-4.15.0-188-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model: SK hynix SC311 SATA 256GB
Serial Number: MJ7BN47031120BC3Y
Firmware Version: 70000P10
User Capacity: 256,060,514,304 bytes [256 GB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: Solid State Device
Form Factor: 2.5 inches
Device is: Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is: ACS-3 (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is: SATA 3.2, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Tue Jun 28 12:29:34 2022 EDT
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x05) Offline data collection activity
was aborted by an interrupting command from host.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 24) The self-test routine was aborted by
the host.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 12) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x51) SMART execute Offline immediate.
No Auto Offline data collection support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
No Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0002) Does not save SMART data before
entering power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 40) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x003d) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 0
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000f 166 166 006 Pre-fail Always - 0
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0032 253 253 036 Old_age Always - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 1166
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 020 Old_age Always - 1117
100 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 664146
168 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 5
169 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 097 097 000 Old_age Always - 60
174 Unknown_Attribute 0x0030 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 26
175 Program_Fail_Count_Chip 0x0032 253 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
176 Erase_Fail_Count_Chip 0x0032 253 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
177 Wear_Leveling_Count 0x0032 099 001 000 Old_age Always - 23
178 Used_Rsvd_Blk_Cnt_Chip 0x0032 253 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
179 Used_Rsvd_Blk_Cnt_Tot 0x0032 253 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
180 Unused_Rsvd_Blk_Cnt_Tot 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 686
181 Program_Fail_Cnt_Total 0x0032 253 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
182 Erase_Fail_Count_Total 0x0032 253 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
184 End-to-End_Error 0x0032 253 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 253 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
188 Command_Timeout 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 1
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0002 033 013 000 Old_age Always - 33 (Min/Max 13/46)
195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered 0x0032 253 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 253 253 036 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0032 253 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 253 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
204 Soft_ECC_Correction 0x000e 100 001 000 Old_age Always - 648
212 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 15383
233 Media_Wearout_Indicator 0x0032 002 001 000 Old_age Always - 99
234 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 12198856384
241 Total_LBAs_Written 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 11661457212
242 Total_LBAs_Read 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 8297361734
SMART Error Log Version: 0
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Aborted by host 80% 952 -
# 2 Short offline Aborted by host 80% 762 -
# 3 Short offline Aborted by host 90% 5 -
# 4 Short offline Completed without error 00% 5 -
# 5 Short offline Completed without error 00% 1 -
Warning! SMART Selective Self-Test Log Structure error: invalid SMART checksum.
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 0
Note: revision number not 1 implies that no selective self-test has ever been run
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
10319 194035862013744762 194035862013810297 Read_scanning was aborted by an interrupting command from host
Selective self-test flags (0xca6e):
Read-scan of remainder of disk interrupted; will resume 13751 min after power-up.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 13751 minute delay.