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Ubuntu 20.04 添加静态路由

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Ubuntu 20.04 添加静态路由

我有两个虚拟服务器，都安装了 ubuntu 20.04，到目前为止，它们都运行正常。但我的问题是，Server1 无法 ping Server2，反之亦然。我收到错误“目标主机无法访问”。这与域名和 IP 有关。据我所知，这是这些服务器之间的错误或缺失的路由，我找到了这个教程https://contabo.com/blog/creating-static-routes/

但它对我来说不起作用，并且我的配置似乎有所不同。

我的 /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml 如下所示：

  network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    ens18:
      match:
        macaddress: 00:50:56:46:a3:de
      addresses:
        - 38.242.229.xx/19
        #- 2a02:c206:3009:2902:0000:0000:0000:0001/64
      #gateway6: fe80::1
      routes:
        - to: 0.0.0.0/0
          via: 38.242.224.1
          on-link: true
      nameservers:
        search: [ invalid ]
        addresses:
          - 161.97.189.52
          - 161.97.189.51
          #- 2a02:c206:5028::2:53
          #- 2a02:c206:5028::1:53

也许有人可以帮助我通过这个实例访问另一台（第二台）服务器。我对 Linux 联网的了解不太好，所以我可以根据自己的需要修改教程。谢谢。

IP地址：

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:50:56:46:a3:de brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 38.242.229.72/19 brd 38.242.255.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe46:a3de/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default
    link/ether 02:42:e1:f9:bb:15 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

IP路由：

default via 38.242.224.1 dev eth0 proto static onlink
38.242.224.0/19 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 38.242.229.72

第二台服务器的 ip 地址：

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:50:56:46:a3:dd brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 38.242.229.63/19 brd 38.242.255.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default
    link/ether 02:42:5f:77:59:e9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
55: br-195a84347f94: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
    link/ether 02:42:a6:46:7a:27 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.25.0.1/16 brd 172.25.255.255 scope global br-195a84347f94
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
57: vethb13ec38@if56: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master br-195a84347f94 state UP group default
    link/ether 92:e8:8a:e0:f1:7c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 1
59: veth21971c4@if58: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master br-195a84347f94 state UP group default
    link/ether 4e:95:40:7d:78:93 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 2
68: br-d0ad0289f7c7: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
    link/ether 02:42:ef:83:ac:3e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.28.0.1/16 brd 172.28.255.255 scope global br-d0ad0289f7c7
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
70: veth07b736d@if69: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master br-d0ad0289f7c7 state UP group default
    link/ether f6:85:f1:48:45:8e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 3
74: br-c2c3481624b2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
    link/ether 02:42:e8:3c:59:c0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.30.0.1/16 brd 172.30.255.255 scope global br-c2c3481624b2
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
76: veth98745d8@if75: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master br-c2c3481624b2 state UP group default
    link/ether 2a:70:8d:58:de:e8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
    enter code here

第二台服务器的 ip 路由：

default via 38.242.224.1 dev eth0 proto static onlink
38.242.224.0/19 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 38.242.229.63
172.17.0.0/16 dev docker0 proto kernel scope link src 172.17.0.1 linkdown
172.25.0.0/16 dev br-195a84347f94 proto kernel scope link src 172.25.0.1
172.28.0.0/16 dev br-d0ad0289f7c7 proto kernel scope link src 172.28.0.1
172.30.0.0/16 dev br-c2c3481624b2 proto kernel scope link src 172.30.0.1

ping 网关成功，ping yahoo.com 也成功。

我的目标是第一台服务器能够从第二台服务器上运行的 gitlab 克隆/拉取 git 存储库。

每台服务器都可以 ping 所有东西，但不能 ping 另一台。主机提供商告诉我，这是因为两个 IP 地址都在同一个子网中，所以我必须创建一个静态根来解决这个问题。但我无法按照上面链接中针对 ubunto 20.04 的说明成功操作。

答案1

每https://contabo.com/blog/creating-static-routes/，尽管其他服务器通告位于同一子网中，但如果不经过路由器，则无法访问它们。因此，正确的配置应如下所示：

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    ens18:
      match:
        macaddress: 00:50:56:46:a3:de
      addresses:
        - 38.242.229.xx/32
        #- 2a02:c206:3009:2902:0000:0000:0000:0001/64
      #gateway6: fe80::1
      routes:
        - to: 38.242.224.1/32
          on-link: true
        - to: 0.0.0.0/0
          via: 38.242.224.1
      nameservers:
        search: [ invalid ]
        addresses:
          - 161.97.189.52
          - 161.97.189.51
          #- 2a02:c206:5028::2:53
          #- 2a02:c206:5028::1:53

请注意主机网络掩码（/32）的使用，它代表您的真实网络拓扑。

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