我有一台运行 Ubuntu 21.10 的 Raspberry Pi，我最近得知它已经停产了。不用担心，我只需升级到下一个版本（幸运的是，它是一个 LTS 版本）...我是这样认为的……
我想升级到 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS，但所有升级工具似乎都不起作用，这让我很困惑。
就上下文而言，我习惯使用 Debian，您只需编辑apt.sources.list和升级软件包即可。据我发现，对于 Ubuntu，首选的升级方法似乎是该工具。但是，该工具在我的系统上没有任何作用（而且我找不到任何我缺少的do-release-upgrade命令行开关）：--actually-do-upgrade
anthony@planetsrv:~$ sudo do-release-upgrade
Checking for a new Ubuntu release
Your Ubuntu release is not supported anymore.
For upgrade information, please visit:
http://www.ubuntu.com/releaseendoflife
Please install all available updates for your release before upgrading.
它只是告诉我我已经生命终点了——我知道，这就是我努力升级的原因！：） 这关联只是给出了发布时间表；我没有看到任何关于从 EOL 版本升级的说明或提示。
运行时apt update，我只收到 404 错误：
anthony@planetsrv:~$ sudo apt update
Ign:1 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish InRelease
Ign:2 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish-updates InRelease
Ign:3 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish-backports InRelease
Ign:4 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish-security InRelease
Err:5 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish Release
404 Not Found [IP: 2620:2d:4000:1::19 80]
Err:6 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish-updates Release
404 Not Found [IP: 2620:2d:4000:1::19 80]
Err:7 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish-backports Release
404 Not Found [IP: 2620:2d:4000:1::19 80]
Err:8 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish-security Release
404 Not Found [IP: 2620:2d:4000:1::19 80]
Reading package lists... Done
E: The repository 'http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish Release' no longer has a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
E: The repository 'http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish-updates Release' no longer has a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
E: The repository 'http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish-backports Release' no longer has a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
E: The repository 'http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish-security Release' no longer has a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
相同apt upgrade：
anthony@planetsrv:~$ sudo apt upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required:
libfwupdplugin1
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove it.
The following packages will be upgraded:
apt apt-utils cloud-init gtk-update-icon-cache keyutils libapt-pkg6.0 libgtk-3-0 libgtk-3-bin libgtk-3-common libkeyutils1 libnss-systemd libpam-systemd librados2 librbd1 libsystemd0 libudev1
python3-distupgrade snapd systemd systemd-sysv systemd-timesyncd ubuntu-advantage-tools ubuntu-release-upgrader-core udev
24 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 41.2 MB of archives.
After this operation, 122 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
Err:1 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish-updates/main arm64 libnss-systemd arm64 248.3-1ubuntu8.6
404 Not Found [IP: 2620:2d:4000:1::19 80]
Err:2 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish-updates/main arm64 libsystemd0 arm64 248.3-1ubuntu8.6
404 Not Found [IP: 2620:2d:4000:1::19 80]
Err:3 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish-updates/main arm64 systemd-timesyncd arm64 248.3-1ubuntu8.6
...snipping repetitive similar lines, you get the idea :)...
E: Failed to fetch http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/pool/main/s/systemd/libnss-systemd_248.3-1ubuntu8.6_arm64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 2620:2d:4000:1::19 80]
E: Failed to fetch http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/pool/main/s/systemd/libsystemd0_248.3-1ubuntu8.6_arm64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 2620:2d:4000:1::19 80]
E: Failed to fetch http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/pool/main/s/systemd/systemd-timesyncd_248.3-1ubuntu8.6_arm64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 2620:2d:4000:1::19 80]
...snipping some more...
E: Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-missing?
我碰到这个问题这表明软件包已移至old-releases.ubuntu.com或us.archive.ubuntu.com，但这两个似乎都不适合我。我还遇到了这个问题解决办法似乎是彻底清除并重新安装，但我宁愿避免这种情况。
这是我当前的sources.list（删除了评论）：
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish main restricted
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish-updates main restricted
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish universe
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish-updates universe
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish multiverse
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish-updates multiverse
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish-security main restricted
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish-security universe
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish-security multiverse
我应该如何更新我的系统？我是否sources.list可以像在 Debian 中一样，只更新版本名称，然后通过这种方式进行大升级？或者有什么方法可以让原始工具 ( do-release-upgrade) 正常工作？
答案1
我弄清楚了服务器所遇到的问题old-releases。
因为我使用的是 Raspberry Pi，并且是 ARM 架构，所以我的sources.list 看起来像deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ impish main restricted。具体来说，请注意 URL 以 ubuntu- 结尾端口。
在old-releases服务器上，他们显然没有为端口和主要架构使用单独的目录。通过将我的sources.list条目更新到http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/，我能够获得最新的更新到 21.10。
在我弄清楚了 sources.list 之后，我就能apt update和了apt upgrade，此时do-release-upgrade我就能运行并将我升级到 22.04。
注意：作为我的系统的一部分apt upgrade，安装了一个新的内核。 此时我应该重新启动，但是没有。 我do-release-upgrade之后就立即运行了。版本升级尝试卸载旧内核版本（当前正在运行的版本，被替换了apt update），但出现了一个大警告“您即将卸载当前正在运行的内核，确定吗？？”。就我而言，我说“不”，只是apt autoremove在版本升级完成后重新启动。 我怀疑如果我之后重新启动apt upgrade，我就不会看到这个问题。
注2：升级工具似乎对您的架构很智能，并且-ports在自动更新我的 sources.list 时为我重新添加了。
答案2
让你的 Ubuntu 保持更新的最佳方式应该是（作为一个命令，以便在最后一个命令之后自动执行一个命令）
sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade && sudo apt autoremove
希望这可以帮助
否则
sudo apt 列表 --upgradable && sudo apt 升级
应该也可以。不确定这是否正是你想要的，我的 ubuntu cmd 有点生疏 ^^