我全新安装了 Debian 8.9，但没有听到任何声音。我收到以下错误：
$ alsactl init
alsactl: init:1758: No soundcards found...
我知道有一个声卡，因为我可以看到它lspci
$ lspci -nn | grep Audio
00:1f.3 Audio device [0403]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:a171] (rev 31)
我尝试安装以下固件包，但没有成功：
firmware-intel-sound/jessie-backports,now 20161130-3~bpo8+1 all [installed]
firmware-linux/jessie-backports,now 20161130-3~bpo8+1 all [installed]
firmware-linux-free/oldstable,now 3.3 all [installed]
firmware-linux-nonfree/jessie-backports,now 20161130-3~bpo8+1 all [installed]
firmware-misc-nonfree/jessie-backports,now 20161130-3~bpo8+1 all [installed]
firmware-realtek/oldstable,now 0.43 all [installed]
编辑
以下命令不返回任何内容。
lsmod | grep -i audio
lsmod | grep -i snd
dmesg | grep -i audio
dmesg | grep -i snd