我的旧 iMac 2011 上有一个 1 TB 硬盘，最近开始发出重复的咔嗒声。这类似于 CD-ROM 尝试读取 CD 上“有划痕”的表面。最近，计算机停止启动进入操作系统，并继续尝试“加载”操作系统（显示 Apple 徽标和启动过程中通常出现的进度标志），但从未成功，当然，我不断听到操作系统中巨大的咔哒声。驾驶。
我从拇指驱动器启动进入 Linux，一切正常（事实上，我是从实时操作系统中输入的）。所以我猜测问题出在磁盘驱动器上。我运行gparted并删除了硬盘上的所有分区，整个 1 TB 空间现在都是unallocated可用空间。
此外，在 Linux 上显示（1 TB 硬盘）disks的以下信息：/dev/sdc
Model: ST3100.....{snip}
Size: 1.0 TB
Partitioning: GUID Partition Table
Serial Number: {snip}
Assessment: Disk is OK, 193 bad sectors (41 C / 106 F)
fdisk /dev/sdc显示了以下“分区”：
Disk /dev/sdc: 931.5 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: E6EC552A-CB25-4BA6-{snip}
在我将磁盘扔进垃圾箱之前，是否Linux可以使用任何工具或技术来确保磁盘无法恢复。我的意思是，我看到有 193 个坏扇区，这是否意味着磁盘无法修复？是否可以使用软件来格式化驱动器，以便修复坏扇区或不再使用坏扇区，但磁盘的其余部分仍然可用？
附加信息：我不关心从驱动器恢复任何数据。我可以显示您在此处建议的任何工具的输出，以检查磁盘状态。
根据要求，输出smartctl：
smartctl 6.6 2016-05-31 r4324 [x86_64-linux-4.9.0-kali3-amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Seagate Barracuda 7200.12
Device Model: ST31000528AS
Serial Number: 9VPCC73A
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 0352fcbe7
Firmware Version: AP4C
User Capacity: 1,000,204,886,016 bytes [1.00 TB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate: 7200 rpm
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is: SATA 2.6, 3.0 Gb/s
Local Time is: Tue Nov 7 05:09:13 2017 UTC
==> WARNING: A firmware update for this drive may be available,
see the following Seagate web pages:
http://knowledge.seagate.com/articles/en_US/FAQ/207931en
http://knowledge.seagate.com/articles/en_US/FAQ/213891en
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
See vendor-specific Attribute list for marginal Attributes.
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x82) Offline data collection activity
was completed without error.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 600) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 168) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x103f) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000e 097 096 006 Old_age Always - 209127852
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0003 100 100 000 Pre-fail Always - 0
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 094 094 020 Old_age Always - 6487
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 036 Pre-fail Always - 21
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000f 081 060 030 Pre-fail Always - 134452477
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 080 080 000 Old_age Always - 17788
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0013 100 100 097 Pre-fail Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 094 094 020 Old_age Always - 6155
184 End-to-End_Error 0x0032 100 100 099 Old_age Always - 0
187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 001 001 000 Old_age Always - 180
188 Command_Timeout 0x0032 100 098 000 Old_age Always - 12885098501
189 High_Fly_Writes 0x003a 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 1
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022 054 042 045 Old_age Always In_the_past 46 (Min/Max 31/49 #21)
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 046 058 000 Old_age Always - 46 (0 16 0 0 0)
195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered 0x001a 042 027 000 Old_age Always - 209127852
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0012 096 096 000 Old_age Always - 172
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0010 096 096 000 Old_age Offline - 172
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x003e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 1207 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
CR = Command Register [HEX]
FR = Features Register [HEX]
SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
ER = Error register [HEX]
ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
Error 1207 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 17785 hours (741 days + 1 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 00 20 ff ff ff ef 00 00:00:07.936 READ DMA EXT
25 00 01 ff ff ff ef 00 00:00:03.967 READ DMA EXT
25 00 20 02 00 00 e0 00 00:00:03.966 READ DMA EXT
25 00 01 01 00 00 e0 00 00:00:03.966 READ DMA EXT
25 00 01 00 00 00 e0 00 00:00:03.965 READ DMA EXT
Error 1206 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 17785 hours (741 days + 1 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 00 01 ff ff ff ef 00 00:00:07.331 READ DMA EXT
25 00 01 02 00 00 e0 00 00:00:07.330 READ DMA EXT
25 00 01 00 00 00 e0 00 00:00:07.320 READ DMA EXT
ef 03 46 00 00 00 e0 00 00:00:07.310 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
ef 03 0a 00 00 00 e0 00 00:00:07.310 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
Error 1205 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 17785 hours (741 days + 1 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 00 20 ff ff ff ef 00 00:01:44.372 READ DMA EXT
25 00 01 ff ff ff ef 00 00:01:43.782 READ DMA EXT
25 00 01 01 00 00 e0 00 00:01:43.781 READ DMA EXT
25 00 01 00 00 00 e0 00 00:01:41.711 READ DMA EXT
25 00 01 ff ff ff ef 00 00:01:40.898 READ DMA EXT
Error 1204 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 17785 hours (741 days + 1 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 00 01 ff ff ff ef 00 00:01:36.868 READ DMA EXT
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff 00:01:31.569 NOP [Abort queued commands]
ea 00 00 00 00 00 e0 00 00:00:08.220 FLUSH CACHE EXT
35 00 20 ff ff ff ef 00 00:00:08.220 WRITE DMA EXT
25 00 20 02 00 00 e0 00 00:00:08.119 READ DMA EXT
Error 1203 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 17785 hours (741 days + 1 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 00 01 ff ff ff ef 00 00:00:05.290 READ DMA EXT
25 00 01 02 00 00 e0 00 00:00:05.289 READ DMA EXT
25 00 01 00 00 00 e0 00 00:00:05.283 READ DMA EXT
ef 03 46 00 00 00 e0 00 00:00:05.273 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
ef 03 0a 00 00 00 e0 00 00:00:05.273 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged. [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
答案1
“重复的咔嗒声”是驱动器试图重新定位读写头，因为它无法读取特定的块。 CD-ROM 对有划痕的 CD 执行此操作的原因相同：它无法读取特定部分，因此它会重新定位激光头。
让我们解释一些 SMART 值。它们被标准化为 100，越低越差。
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000f 081 060 030 Pre-fail Always - 134452477
您遇到了相当多的寻道错误 (80)，最差的值为 60。
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022 054 042 045 Old_age Always In_the_past 46 (Min/Max 31/49 #21)
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 046 058 000 Old_age Always - 46 (0 16 0 0 0)
驱动器变得太热 (54)，并且在过去的某个时间曾超过阈值 (42 < 45)。
195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered 0x001a 042 027 000 Old_age Always - 209127852
驱动器已经需要进行大量的错误恢复。
因此，驱动器已经老化并损坏。由于您已经擦除了驱动器并且显然不需要数据，因此请将其扔掉并购买一个新的。如果您继续使用该驱动器，您肯定会丢失一些数据。