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如何诊断可靠不可靠的连接？

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如何诊断可靠不可靠的连接？

我现在住的地方，互联网连接（有线）显示出以下奇怪的症状。它们似乎与我使用主机名还是 IP 地址无关。

  • ping 工作正常
  • Skype 可以使用
  • Wget 连接，但从未收到响应。 （一直等待“HTTP 请求已发送，等待响应”，直到超时。）
    • 除了它适用的一小部分域之外。
  • ssh 命令 ( ssh host ls) 有效。
  • 交互式 ssh 可以工作很短一段时间，但很快就会挂起，例如在第一次时ls- 每次都在同一点。
  • 在 Windows 下，一切正常。

我该怎么做才能进一步诊断？到目前为止，我只关注应用层。由于存在明显的互联网连接，因此必须有某种方法来隧道 Firefox，但我想首先确定问题所在。

这很可能与大数据包无法通过有关。我发现有一个 MTU，但是将其设置为 eth0 并不能解决我的问题。我认为我在 PPPOE 和路由器后面。 Windows 和 Linux 上的外部 IP 相同。

一些命令的输出：

ip link show

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1024 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:26:aa:aa:aa:61 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: wlan0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state DOWN qlen 1000
    link/ether c4:17:aa:aa:aa:ff brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: virbr0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
    link/ether 5e:49:aa:aa:aa:27 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

ip route show

192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.1.4  metric 1 
192.168.122.0/24 dev virbr0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.122.1 
169.254.0.0/16 dev eth0  scope link  metric 1000 
default via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0  proto static

ip addr show

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1024 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:26:2d:78:ac:61 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.1.4/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0
3: wlan0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state DOWN qlen 1000
    link/ether c4:17:fe:3b:56:ff brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: virbr0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
    link/ether 5e:49:01:03:55:27 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
    inet6 fe80::5c49:1ff:fe03:5527/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

我可以发送大小最大为 1468 的 ping。

tim@milagros:/$ ping -M do -c 1 -s 1470 stackexchange.com
PING stackexchange.com (64.34.119.12) 1470(1498) bytes of data.
   --- stackexchange.com ping statistics ---
   1 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 0ms

tim@milagros:/$ ping -M do -c 1 -s 1468 stackexchange.com
PING stackexchange.com (64.34.119.12) 1468(1496) bytes of data.
1476 bytes from stackoverflow.com (64.34.119.12): icmp_seq=1 ttl=52 time=176 ms
   --- stackexchange.com ping statistics ---
   1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
   rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 176.539/176.539/176.539/0.000 ms



tim@milagros:~/projekt/perl$ ifconfig eth0
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:26:2d:78:ac:61  
          inet addr:192.168.1.4  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:161 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:194 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:143947 (143.9 KB)  TX bytes:67727 (67.7 KB)
          Interrupt:16

答案1

Tim，我恭敬地敦促您忽略对更改 MTU 的疑虑。你的问题里写满了 MTU 问题，而我已经成为一名专业网络工程师超过 15 年了。

DF要证明 MTU 是否有帮助，请使用 ping 以及IP 标头中设置的位在 Linux 计算机上进行测试...

ping -M do -s 1232 <some pingable internet ip address>

我计算-s参数时假设您的 PPPoE IP MTU 为 1300 字节。如果 ping 成功，则使用-s 1472并观察会发生什么...如果 ping 现在失败，则您有确凿的证据表明存在 MTU 问题（假设您没有将以太网链路 MTU 设置得更低）。仅供参考，-s 1472将发送 1500 字节的以太网有效负载回显请求；-M do -s 1472发送相同的 1500 字节有效负载，并在 IP 标头中设置 DF 位。

另请记住，MTU 必须设置为两个都链接的两侧...所以您也需要在调制解调器上执行此操作。

编辑

蒂姆，你还是没有运行我要求你执行的命令。让我举一个例子来说明您所做的事情有什么问题（我需要将目标主机修改为 stackexchange.com，因为在我的 8.8.8.8 路径中存在针对 IP 碎片的防火墙）

反面例子（使用你的 ping 标志）

[mpenning@Bucksnort ~]$ ping -c 1 -s 65507 64.34.119.12
PING 64.34.119.12 (64.34.119.12) 65507(65535) bytes of data.
65515 bytes from 64.34.119.12: icmp_seq=1 ttl=51 time=53.2 ms

--- 64.34.119.12 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 53.246/53.246/53.246/0.000 ms
[mpenning@Bucksnort ~]$

反问：64KB 的 ping 数据包如何通过 1500 字节的以太网段？ （参见尾注 A）除非您发布我所要求的信息，否则我无能为力。这是同一个例子，ping -M do

正面例子

[mpenning@Bucksnort ~]$ ping -M do -c 1 -s 65507 64.34.119.12
PING 64.34.119.12 (64.34.119.12) 65507(65535) bytes of data.
From 24.102.60.3 icmp_seq=1 Frag needed and DF set (mtu = 1500)

--- 64.34.119.12 ping statistics ---
0 packets transmitted, 0 received, +1 errors

[mpenning@Bucksnort ~]$

ping -M do提供有关沿路径的最大 MTU 的信息（在本例中，我们知道第一跳以太网段的值为IP MTU1500 字节）。

尾注：

答：您的 ping 可以作为一系列 IP 片段来完成，因为默认情况下ping允许 IP 片段。如果您试图找到将通过链路的最大数据包大小，您必须修改IP头（我用 进行了说明-M do），以确保您最终不会得到一堆零散的响应缝合在一起。使用ping -c 1 -s 65507 64.34.119.12：

[mpenning@Bucksnort ~]$ sudo tshark -n -i eth0 icmp
  1   0.000000 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=0)
  2   0.000058 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=1480)
  3   0.000071 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=2960)
  4   0.000081 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=4440)
  5   0.000094 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=5920)
  6   0.000105 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=7400)
  7   0.000116 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=8880)
  8   0.000124 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=10360)
  9   0.000133 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=11840)
 10   0.000143 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=13320)
 11   0.000152 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=14800)
 12   0.000162 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=16280)
 13   0.000172 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=17760)
 14   0.000181 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=19240)
 15   0.000191 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=20720)
 16   0.000201 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=22200)
 17   0.000211 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=23680)
 18   0.000221 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=25160)
 19   0.000230 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=26640)
 20   0.000240 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=28120)
 21   0.000250 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=29600)
 22   0.000259 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=31080)
 23   0.000269 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=32560)
 24   0.000278 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=34040)
 25   0.000288 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=35520)
 26   0.000298 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=37000)
 27   0.000308 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=38480)
 28   0.000318 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=39960)
 29   0.000327 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=41440)
 30   0.000337 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=42920)
 31   0.000352 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=44400)
 32   0.000361 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=45880)
 33   0.000372 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=47360)
 34   0.000384 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=48840)
 35   0.000394 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=50320)
 36   0.000403 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=51800)
 37   0.000411 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=53280)
 38   0.000419 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=54760)
 39   0.000428 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=56240)
 40   0.000437 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=57720)
 41   0.000446 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=59200)
 42   0.000455 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=60680)
 43   0.000466 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=62160)
 44   0.000477 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=63640)
 45   0.000486 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 ICMP Echo (ping) request
 46   0.044402 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=0)
 47   0.044439 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=1480)
 48   0.044899 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=2960)
 49   0.044910 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=4440)
 50   0.044916 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=5920)
 51   0.045149 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=7400)
 52   0.045399 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=8880)
 53   0.045409 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=10360)
 54   0.045415 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=11840)
 55   0.045649 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=13320)
 56   0.045899 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=14800)
 57   0.045908 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=16280)
 58   0.045915 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=17760)
 59   0.046148 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=19240)
 60   0.046163 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=20720)
 61   0.046402 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=22200)
 62   0.046421 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=23680)
 63   0.046650 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=25160)
 64   0.046668 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=26640)
 65   0.046901 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=28120)
 66   0.046918 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=29600)
 67   0.047151 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=31080)
 68   0.047171 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=32560)
 69   0.047399 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=34040)
 70   0.047418 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=35520)
 71   0.047424 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=37000)
 72   0.047650 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=38480)
 73   0.047900 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=39960)
 74   0.048149 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=41440)
 75   0.048165 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=42920)
 76   0.048172 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=44400)
 77   0.048178 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=45880)
 78   0.048398 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=47360)
 79   0.048650 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=48840)
 80   0.048667 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=50320)
 81   0.048674 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=51800)
 82   0.048900 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=53280)
 83   0.048922 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=54760)
 84   0.049150 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=56240)
 85   0.049174 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=57720)
 86   0.049398 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=59200)
 87   0.049649 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=60680)
 88   0.049671 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=62160)
 89   0.049677 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=63640)
 90   0.049683 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 ICMP Echo (ping) reply

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