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如何仅在一个应用程序中将功能键用作标准键？

tag-icon • tag-icon mac keyboard function-keys
如何仅在一个应用程序中将功能键用作标准键？

在我的 MacBook 上使用所有 F1 F2 等键作为标准功能键选项未选中。我使用 FunctionFlip 将 F3 从 Expose 映射到 Spaces。

然而，在 VirtualBox 或 VMware Fusion 等虚拟化环境下工作时，我希望将功能键用作真正的功能键。系统 > 偏好设置不是很方便。

你现在知道如何检查使用所有 F1 F2 等键作为标准功能键 仅有的当特定应用程序处于活动状态时？

答案1

使用登山扣

此应用程序可以提供 OP 要求的确切功能。user495470 关于 KeyRemap4MacBook 的回答帮助我指明了正确的方向。但是，它已经过时，不再像写的那样工作，因为 KeyRemap4MacBook 已经更新。它现在被称为登山扣。它看起来维护得很好，而且是免费的开源软件（另一个答案中提到的 BetterTouchTool 不是这样，它需要在 45 天后付款）。

设置

首先下载并安装 Karabiner 应用程序。安装后，为了将功能键重新映射为标准功能键，您需要在偏好设置中添加“复杂修改”。Karabiner 网站已预先构建并可下载多个此类复杂修改，但您也可以在 json 中编写自己的修改。

使用以下代码并将其放在文件夹中的文件中（名为“functionkeys.json”之类的名称）~/.config/karabiner/assets/complex_modifications。一旦它在那里，转到 Karabiner 首选项并单击Complex-Modifications，然后单击Add rule。您应该会看到文本Function Keys in Terminal Apps，然后单击Enable All。

如何更改导致该效果的前台应用程序

此代码专门在使用多个终端应用中提供功能键标准功能（使用任何其他应用时则不提供任何功能）。此代码还允许通过使用 在终端应用中使用媒体键fn + function key。

虽然 OP 询问的是通用特定应用程序，但特别提到了 VirtualBox。可以通过将每个实例的内容替换为任何应用程序，更改以下代码以在所需的任何应用程序中创建功能键功能。（"Bundle Identifiers: [ ... ]"VirtualBox 可能是， "^org\\.virtualbox\\.VirtualBoxVM"但我还没有尝试过。）使用随附的 Karabiner EventViewer 查找所需任何应用程序的应用程序标识符，然后插入值。

{
  "title": "Function Keys in Terminal Apps",
  "rules": [
    {
      "description": "Use regular function keys in terminal",
      "manipulators": [
        {
          "type": "basic",
          "from": {
            "key_code": "f1"
          },
          "to": [
            {
              "key_code": "f1",
              "modifiers": [
                "fn"
              ]
            }
          ],
          "conditions": [
            {
              "type": "frontmost_application_if",
              "bundle_identifiers": [
                "^com\\.apple\\.Terminal$",
                "^com\\.googlecode\\.iterm2$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyperterm$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyper$",
                "^io\\.alacritty$",
                "^net\\.kovidgoyal\\.kitty$"
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "basic",
          "from": {
            "key_code": "f2"
          },
          "to": [
            {
              "key_code": "f2",
              "modifiers": [
                "fn"
              ]
            }
          ],
          "conditions": [
            {
              "type": "frontmost_application_if",
              "bundle_identifiers": [
                "^com\\.apple\\.Terminal$",
                "^com\\.googlecode\\.iterm2$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyperterm$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyper$",
                "^io\\.alacritty$",
                "^net\\.kovidgoyal\\.kitty$"
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "basic",
          "from": {
            "key_code": "f3"
          },
          "to": [
            {
              "key_code": "f3",
              "modifiers": [
                "fn"
              ]
            }
          ],
          "conditions": [
            {
              "type": "frontmost_application_if",
              "bundle_identifiers": [
                "^com\\.apple\\.Terminal$",
                "^com\\.googlecode\\.iterm2$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyperterm$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyper$",
                "^io\\.alacritty$",
                "^net\\.kovidgoyal\\.kitty$"
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "basic",
          "from": {
            "key_code": "f4"
          },
          "to": [
            {
              "key_code": "f4",
              "modifiers": [
                "fn"
              ]
            }
          ],
          "conditions": [
            {
              "type": "frontmost_application_if",
              "bundle_identifiers": [
                "^com\\.apple\\.Terminal$",
                "^com\\.googlecode\\.iterm2$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyperterm$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyper$",
                "^io\\.alacritty$",
                "^net\\.kovidgoyal\\.kitty$"
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "basic",
          "from": {
            "key_code": "f5"
          },
          "to": [
            {
              "key_code": "f5",
              "modifiers": [
                "fn"
              ]
            }
          ],
          "conditions": [
            {
              "type": "frontmost_application_if",
              "bundle_identifiers": [
                "^com\\.apple\\.Terminal$",
                "^com\\.googlecode\\.iterm2$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyperterm$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyper$",
                "^io\\.alacritty$",
                "^net\\.kovidgoyal\\.kitty$"
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "basic",
          "from": {
            "key_code": "f6"
          },
          "to": [
            {
              "key_code": "f6",
              "modifiers": [
                "fn"
              ]
            }
          ],
          "conditions": [
            {
              "type": "frontmost_application_if",
              "bundle_identifiers": [
                "^com\\.apple\\.Terminal$",
                "^com\\.googlecode\\.iterm2$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyperterm$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyper$",
                "^io\\.alacritty$",
                "^net\\.kovidgoyal\\.kitty$"
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "basic",
          "from": {
            "key_code": "f7"
          },
          "to": [
            {
              "key_code": "f7",
              "modifiers": [
                "fn"
              ]
            }
          ],
          "conditions": [
            {
              "type": "frontmost_application_if",
              "bundle_identifiers": [
                "^com\\.apple\\.Terminal$",
                "^com\\.googlecode\\.iterm2$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyperterm$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyper$",
                "^io\\.alacritty$",
                "^net\\.kovidgoyal\\.kitty$"
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "basic",
          "from": {
            "key_code": "f8"
          },
          "to": [
            {
              "key_code": "f8",
              "modifiers": [
                "fn"
              ]
            }
          ],
          "conditions": [
            {
              "type": "frontmost_application_if",
              "bundle_identifiers": [
                "^com\\.apple\\.Terminal$",
                "^com\\.googlecode\\.iterm2$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyperterm$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyper$",
                "^io\\.alacritty$",
                "^net\\.kovidgoyal\\.kitty$"
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "basic",
          "from": {
            "key_code": "f9"
          },
          "to": [
            {
              "key_code": "f9",
              "modifiers": [
                "fn"
              ]
            }
          ],
          "conditions": [
            {
              "type": "frontmost_application_if",
              "bundle_identifiers": [
                "^com\\.apple\\.Terminal$",
                "^com\\.googlecode\\.iterm2$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyperterm$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyper$",
                "^io\\.alacritty$",
                "^net\\.kovidgoyal\\.kitty$"
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "basic",
          "from": {
            "key_code": "f10"
          },
          "to": [
            {
              "key_code": "f10",
              "modifiers": [
                "fn"
              ]
            }
          ],
          "conditions": [
            {
              "type": "frontmost_application_if",
              "bundle_identifiers": [
                "^com\\.apple\\.Terminal$",
                "^com\\.googlecode\\.iterm2$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyperterm$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyper$",
                "^io\\.alacritty$",
                "^net\\.kovidgoyal\\.kitty$"
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "basic",
          "from": {
            "key_code": "f11"
          },
          "to": [
            {
              "key_code": "f11",
              "modifiers": [
                "fn"
              ]
            }
          ],
          "conditions": [
            {
              "type": "frontmost_application_if",
              "bundle_identifiers": [
                "^com\\.apple\\.Terminal$",
                "^com\\.googlecode\\.iterm2$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyperterm$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyper$",
                "^io\\.alacritty$",
                "^net\\.kovidgoyal\\.kitty$"
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "basic",
          "from": {
            "key_code": "f12"
          },
          "to": [
            {
              "key_code": "f12",
              "modifiers": [
                "fn"
              ]
            }
          ],
          "conditions": [
            {
              "type": "frontmost_application_if",
              "bundle_identifiers": [
                "^com\\.apple\\.Terminal$",
                "^com\\.googlecode\\.iterm2$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyperterm$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyper$",
                "^io\\.alacritty$",
                "^net\\.kovidgoyal\\.kitty$"
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "basic",
          "from": {
            "key_code": "f1",
            "modifiers": {
              "mandatory": [
                "fn"
              ]
            }
          },
          "to": [
            {
              "key_code": "f1"
            }
          ],
          "conditions": [
            {
              "type": "frontmost_application_if",
              "bundle_identifiers": [
                "^com\\.apple\\.Terminal$",
                "^com\\.googlecode\\.iterm2$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyperterm$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyper$",
                "^io\\.alacritty$",
                "^net\\.kovidgoyal\\.kitty$"
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "basic",
          "from": {
            "key_code": "f2",
            "modifiers": {
              "mandatory": [
                "fn"
              ]
            }
          },
          "to": [
            {
              "key_code": "f2"
            }
          ],
          "conditions": [
            {
              "type": "frontmost_application_if",
              "bundle_identifiers": [
                "^com\\.apple\\.Terminal$",
                "^com\\.googlecode\\.iterm2$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyperterm$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyper$",
                "^io\\.alacritty$",
                "^net\\.kovidgoyal\\.kitty$"
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "basic",
          "from": {
            "key_code": "f3",
            "modifiers": {
              "mandatory": [
                "fn"
              ]
            }
          },
          "to": [
            {
              "key_code": "f3"
            }
          ],
          "conditions": [
            {
              "type": "frontmost_application_if",
              "bundle_identifiers": [
                "^com\\.apple\\.Terminal$",
                "^com\\.googlecode\\.iterm2$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyperterm$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyper$",
                "^io\\.alacritty$",
                "^net\\.kovidgoyal\\.kitty$"
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "basic",
          "from": {
            "key_code": "f4",
            "modifiers": {
              "mandatory": [
                "fn"
              ]
            }
          },
          "to": [
            {
              "key_code": "f4"
            }
          ],
          "conditions": [
            {
              "type": "frontmost_application_if",
              "bundle_identifiers": [
                "^com\\.apple\\.Terminal$",
                "^com\\.googlecode\\.iterm2$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyperterm$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyper$",
                "^io\\.alacritty$",
                "^net\\.kovidgoyal\\.kitty$"
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "basic",
          "from": {
            "key_code": "f5",
            "modifiers": {
              "mandatory": [
                "fn"
              ]
            }
          },
          "to": [
            {
              "key_code": "f5"
            }
          ],
          "conditions": [
            {
              "type": "frontmost_application_if",
              "bundle_identifiers": [
                "^com\\.apple\\.Terminal$",
                "^com\\.googlecode\\.iterm2$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyperterm$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyper$",
                "^io\\.alacritty$",
                "^net\\.kovidgoyal\\.kitty$"
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "basic",
          "from": {
            "key_code": "f6",
            "modifiers": {
              "mandatory": [
                "fn"
              ]
            }
          },
          "to": [
            {
              "key_code": "f6"
            }
          ],
          "conditions": [
            {
              "type": "frontmost_application_if",
              "bundle_identifiers": [
                "^com\\.apple\\.Terminal$",
                "^com\\.googlecode\\.iterm2$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyperterm$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyper$",
                "^io\\.alacritty$",
                "^net\\.kovidgoyal\\.kitty$"
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "basic",
          "from": {
            "key_code": "f7",
            "modifiers": {
              "mandatory": [
                "fn"
              ]
            }
          },
          "to": [
            {
              "key_code": "f7"
            }
          ],
          "conditions": [
            {
              "type": "frontmost_application_if",
              "bundle_identifiers": [
                "^com\\.apple\\.Terminal$",
                "^com\\.googlecode\\.iterm2$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyperterm$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyper$",
                "^io\\.alacritty$",
                "^net\\.kovidgoyal\\.kitty$"
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "basic",
          "from": {
            "key_code": "f8",
            "modifiers": {
              "mandatory": [
                "fn"
              ]
            }
          },
          "to": [
            {
              "key_code": "f8"
            }
          ],
          "conditions": [
            {
              "type": "frontmost_application_if",
              "bundle_identifiers": [
                "^com\\.apple\\.Terminal$",
                "^com\\.googlecode\\.iterm2$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyperterm$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyper$",
                "^io\\.alacritty$",
                "^net\\.kovidgoyal\\.kitty$"
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "basic",
          "from": {
            "key_code": "f9",
            "modifiers": {
              "mandatory": [
                "fn"
              ]
            }
          },
          "to": [
            {
              "key_code": "f9"
            }
          ],
          "conditions": [
            {
              "type": "frontmost_application_if",
              "bundle_identifiers": [
                "^com\\.apple\\.Terminal$",
                "^com\\.googlecode\\.iterm2$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyperterm$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyper$",
                "^io\\.alacritty$",
                "^net\\.kovidgoyal\\.kitty$"
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "basic",
          "from": {
            "key_code": "f10",
            "modifiers": {
              "mandatory": [
                "fn"
              ]
            }
          },
          "to": [
            {
              "key_code": "f10"
            }
          ],
          "conditions": [
            {
              "type": "frontmost_application_if",
              "bundle_identifiers": [
                "^com\\.apple\\.Terminal$",
                "^com\\.googlecode\\.iterm2$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyperterm$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyper$",
                "^io\\.alacritty$",
                "^net\\.kovidgoyal\\.kitty$"
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "basic",
          "from": {
            "key_code": "f11",
            "modifiers": {
              "mandatory": [
                "fn"
              ]
            }
          },
          "to": [
            {
              "key_code": "f11"
            }
          ],
          "conditions": [
            {
              "type": "frontmost_application_if",
              "bundle_identifiers": [
                "^com\\.apple\\.Terminal$",
                "^com\\.googlecode\\.iterm2$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyperterm$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyper$",
                "^io\\.alacritty$",
                "^net\\.kovidgoyal\\.kitty$"
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "basic",
          "from": {
            "key_code": "f12",
            "modifiers": {
              "mandatory": [
                "fn"
              ]
            }
          },
          "to": [
            {
              "key_code": "f12"
            }
          ],
          "conditions": [
            {
              "type": "frontmost_application_if",
              "bundle_identifiers": [
                "^com\\.apple\\.Terminal$",
                "^com\\.googlecode\\.iterm2$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyperterm$",
                "^co\\.zeit\\.hyper$",
                "^io\\.alacritty$",
                "^net\\.kovidgoyal\\.kitty$"
              ]
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

答案2

尝试结合函数翻转和BetterTouch工具：

  • 使用 FunctionFlip 设置您想要“翻转”的键
  • 使用 BetterTouchTool 设置应用程序特定按键

答案3

我终于开始使用帕鲁阿这真的很棒。

Paula 不再可用，因此我使用福陆这些日子。

答案4

Palua 的一个替代方案是KeyRemap4MacBook：

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<root>
    <appdef>
        <appname>FKEYS</appname>
        <equal>com.vmware.fusion</equal>
        <equal>org.virtualbox.app.VirtualBoxVM</equal>
    </appdef>
    <item>
        <name>fkeys</name>
        <identifier>fkeys</identifier>
        <only>FKEYS</only>
        <autogen>__KeyToKey__ KeyCode::BRIGHTNESS_DOWN, KeyCode::F1</autogen>
        <autogen>__KeyToKey__ KeyCode::BRIGHTNESS_UP, KeyCode::F2</autogen>
        <autogen>__KeyToKey__ KeyCode::EXPOSE_ALL, KeyCode::F3</autogen>
        <autogen>__KeyToKey__ KeyCode::LAUNCHPAD, KeyCode::F4</autogen>
        <autogen>__ConsumerToKey__ ConsumerKeyCode::KEYBOARDLIGHT_LOW, KeyCode::F5</autogen>
        <autogen>__ConsumerToKey__ ConsumerKeyCode::KEYBOARDLIGHT_HIGH, KeyCode::F6</autogen>
        <autogen>__ConsumerToKey__ ConsumerKeyCode::MUSIC_PREV, KeyCode::F7</autogen>
        <autogen>__ConsumerToKey__ ConsumerKeyCode::MUSIC_PLAY, KeyCode::F8</autogen>
        <autogen>__ConsumerToKey__ ConsumerKeyCode::MUSIC_NEXT, KeyCode::F9</autogen>
        <autogen>__ConsumerToKey__ ConsumerKeyCode::VOLUME_MUTE, KeyCode::F10</autogen>
        <autogen>__ConsumerToKey__ ConsumerKeyCode::VOLUME_DOWN, KeyCode::F11</autogen>
        <autogen>__ConsumerToKey__ ConsumerKeyCode::VOLUME_UP, KeyCode::F12</autogen>
        <autogen>__KeyToKey__ KeyCode::F1, KeyCode::BRIGHTNESS_DOWN</autogen>
        <autogen>__KeyToKey__ KeyCode::F2, KeyCode::BRIGHTNESS_UP</autogen>
        <autogen>__KeyToKey__ KeyCode::F3, KeyCode::EXPOSE_ALL</autogen>
        <autogen>__KeyToKey__ KeyCode::F4, KeyCode::LAUNCHPAD</autogen>
        <autogen>__ConsumerToKey__ KeyCode::F5, ConsumerKeyCode::KEYBOARDLIGHT_LOW</autogen>
        <autogen>__ConsumerToKey__ KeyCode::F6, ConsumerKeyCode::KEYBOARDLIGHT_HIGH</autogen>
        <autogen>__ConsumerToKey__ KeyCode::F7, ConsumerKeyCode::MUSIC_PREV</autogen>
        <autogen>__ConsumerToKey__ KeyCode::F8, ConsumerKeyCode::MUSIC_PLAY</autogen>
        <autogen>__ConsumerToKey__ KeyCode::F9, ConsumerKeyCode::MUSIC_NEXT</autogen>
        <autogen>__ConsumerToKey__ KeyCode::F10, ConsumerKeyCode::VOLUME_MUTE</autogen>
        <autogen>__ConsumerToKey__ KeyCode::F11, ConsumerKeyCode::VOLUME_DOWN</autogen>
        <autogen>__ConsumerToKey__ KeyCode::F12, ConsumerKeyCode::VOLUME_UP</autogen>
    </item>
</root>

请参阅来源键代码值和预定义设置。

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