列出并计算 Word 文档中的唯一单词

Question

我想要获取一份 Microsoft Word 文档并生成一个电子表格，其中包含该文档中包含的所有单词以及每个单词出现的次数。

例如，

cat    23
said   15
jumped 12
dog    7

这是一个简单的问题，可以使用 Word 或 Excel 的内置函数和特性以简单、直接的方式完成吗？

如果没有，那么此功能是否在现成的工具中可用（在这种情况下，请告知我应该在 Software Recs 网站上查询什么），或者是否需要定制编程？

Answer 1

除了 VBA，还可以使用 OpenOffice 的 API 开发这样的应用程序来读取 Word 文档的内容；处理它并将结果导出为 CSV 文件以在电子表格应用程序中打开。

然而，如果你熟悉任何编程语言，这实际上只是几行代码。例如在 Python 中，你可以轻松地这样做：

这里我们定义一个简单的函数，它计算给定列表的单词数量

def countWords(a_list):
    words = {}
    for i in range(len(a_list)):
        item = a_list[i]
        count = a_list.count(item)
        words[item] = count
    return sorted(words.items(), key = lambda item: item[1], reverse=True)

剩下的就是对文档内容进行操作了。先粘贴一下：

content = """This is the content of the word document. Just copy paste it. 
It can be very very very very long and it can contain punctuation 
(they will be ignored) and numbers like 123 and 4567 (they will be counted)."""

在这里我们删除标点符号、EOL、括号等，然后为我们的函数生成一个单词列表：

import re

cleanContent = re.sub('[^a-zA-Z0-9]',' ', content)

wordList = cleanContent.lower().split()

然后我们运行我们的函数并将其结果（单词计数对）存储在另一个列表中并打印结果：

result = countWords(wordList)

for words in result:
    print(words)

所以结果是：

('very', 4)
('and', 3)
('it', 3)
('be', 3)
('they', 2)
('will', 2)
('can', 2)
('the', 2)
('ignored', 1)
('just', 1)
('is', 1)
('numbers', 1)
('punctuation', 1)
('long', 1)
('content', 1)
('document', 1)
('123', 1)
('4567', 1)
('copy', 1)
('paste', 1)
('word', 1)
('like', 1)
('this', 1)
('of', 1)
('contain', 1)
('counted', 1)

如果需要，您可以使用搜索/替换删除括号和逗号。

您需要做的就是下载Python 3，安装它，打开 IDLE（附带 Python），替换你的 word 文档的内容并按照给定的顺序一次运行命令。

Answer 2

使用 VBA。宏（子程序）可以准确地执行您的请求这页：

Sub WordFrequency()
    Const maxwords = 9000          'Maximum unique words allowed
    Dim SingleWord As String       'Raw word pulled from doc
    Dim Words(maxwords) As String  'Array to hold unique words
    Dim Freq(maxwords) As Integer  'Frequency counter for unique words
    Dim WordNum As Integer         'Number of unique words
    Dim ByFreq As Boolean          'Flag for sorting order
    Dim ttlwds As Long             'Total words in the document
    Dim Excludes As String         'Words to be excluded
    Dim Found As Boolean           'Temporary flag
    Dim j, k, l, Temp As Integer   'Temporary variables
    Dim ans As String              'How user wants to sort results
    Dim tword As String            '

    ' Set up excluded words
    Excludes = "[the][a][of][is][to][for][by][be][and][are]"

    ' Find out how to sort
    ByFreq = True
    ans = InputBox("Sort by WORD or by FREQ?", "Sort order", "WORD")
    If ans = "" Then End
    If UCase(ans) = "WORD" Then
        ByFreq = False
    End If

    Selection.HomeKey Unit:=wdStory
    System.Cursor = wdCursorWait
    WordNum = 0
    ttlwds = ActiveDocument.Words.Count

    ' Control the repeat
    For Each aword In ActiveDocument.Words
        SingleWord = Trim(LCase(aword))
        'Out of range?
        If SingleWord < "a" Or SingleWord > "z" Then
            SingleWord = ""
        End If
        'On exclude list?
        If InStr(Excludes, "[" & SingleWord & "]") Then
            SingleWord = ""
        End If
        If Len(SingleWord) > 0 Then
            Found = False
            For j = 1 To WordNum
                If Words(j) = SingleWord Then
                    Freq(j) = Freq(j) + 1
                    Found = True
                    Exit For
                End If
            Next j
            If Not Found Then
                WordNum = WordNum + 1
                Words(WordNum) = SingleWord
                Freq(WordNum) = 1
            End If
            If WordNum > maxwords - 1 Then
                j = MsgBox("Too many words.", vbOKOnly)
                Exit For
            End If
        End If
        ttlwds = ttlwds - 1
        StatusBar = "Remaining: " & ttlwds & ", Unique: " & WordNum
    Next aword

    ' Now sort it into word order
    For j = 1 To WordNum - 1
        k = j
        For l = j + 1 To WordNum
            If (Not ByFreq And Words(l) < Words(k)) _
              Or (ByFreq And Freq(l) > Freq(k)) Then k = l
        Next l
        If k <> j Then
            tword = Words(j)
            Words(j) = Words(k)
            Words(k) = tword
            Temp = Freq(j)
            Freq(j) = Freq(k)
            Freq(k) = Temp
        End If
        StatusBar = "Sorting: " & WordNum - j
    Next j

    ' Now write out the results
    tmpName = ActiveDocument.AttachedTemplate.FullName
    Documents.Add Template:=tmpName, NewTemplate:=False
    Selection.ParagraphFormat.TabStops.ClearAll
    With Selection
        For j = 1 To WordNum
            .TypeText Text:=Trim(Str(Freq(j))) _
              & vbTab & Words(j) & vbCrLf
        Next j
    End With
    System.Cursor = wdCursorNormal
    j = MsgBox("There were " & Trim(Str(WordNum)) & _
      " different words ", vbOKOnly, "Finished")
End Sub